Askold da Dir - m shugabannin Kiev

A tarihin zamanin da Rasha rike da yawa asirai da kuma ta asĩri. Daya daga cikin wadannan asirai - na farko shugabannin Kiev, wanda muka sani kamar yadda Askold da Dir. Wanda sun kasance ta asali, inda suka zo daga wanda yake da juna? Ko watakila shi ne duk mutum daya?

Ka yi kokarin fahimtar, zana da na kowa version, kazalika da dama events zažužžukan da cewa ba da damar masana tarihi, bisa sosai musamman facts.

The official version

An yi imani da cewa Askold da Dir tun asalinsu Vikings - Rassi, kamar yadda suka kira. Ba su da dangantaka da mulki prince Rurik, amma kawai ta "manyansu." Lokacin da Rurik zauna a Novgorod, sai ya fara rarraba Rasha birnin ya fi mutane. Saboda haka Dir da Askold ya bari tafi kudu a search na dace wuri ga jirgin. Wadanda za saukar da Dnieper saukar, ga daraja birnin Kiev, inda share rayu. Askold da Dir sun yanke shawarar zama a can da kuma ayyana kansa shugaban.

Su ne masu biyayya ga mutane, na gida al'adu da addini. Haraji ga bari a wannan matakin. Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda wani arewacin warriors, suna da kyau a san soja harkokin da ya zo tare da wani da-m kungiyar. Saboda haka, mutane na Kiev yanke shawarar ba 'yan tawaye da kuma zare jiki yarda da sababbin shugabannin.

Around 860-866 shekaru Askold da Dir sun sanya wani m soja yaƙi da Konstantinoful. Don kare your birni daga m Russes, da mulki Sarkin sarakuna Michael III yanke shawarar žare yaki da Larabawa, da kuma gaggauta mayar da babban birnin kasar.

Kievan sarakuna suka zo a karkashin ganuwar Konstantinoful, abu mai ban sha'awa rundunar ɗari biyu jiragen ruwa. Su da sauri da kuma nasarar washe kiwo da kuma kewaye da birnin. A kan babban birnin kasar na Byzantine Empire fuskantar hakikanin barazana na ci. Sa'an nan Sarkin sarakuna Michael kuma sarki Photius fara addu'a ga Kariya daga cikin cibiyar na Kirista duniya. Nan da nan cikin tẽku tashi mai tsanani hadari, ya ƙone ta, kuma Muka halakar da warlike jiragen ruwa Russes. Konstantinoful da aka ajiye ta, ikon Allahntaka.

Askold da Dir aka tilasta gama wata yarjejeniya da Rum da kuma yanke shawarar a yi masa baftisma cikin Kristanci.

A 879, ya rasu a Novgorod prince Rurik, da barin magaji jariri Igor kuma waliyyinsa ya yi - wa dan uwan, wanda aka sani a matsayin Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Oleg. Ya yanke shawarar kai da iko, ba kawai a kan arewaci, amma kuma a kan m ƙasashe, saboda haka tattara daga Slavs da Vikings m sojojin da kuma tafiya zuwa kudu. Ya yi biyayya, da kuma zamanin da Smolensk Ljubech. Ba da da ewa Oleg zo da Kiev.

Ya kasance Masani game da cewa Kievan sarakuna da karfi da tawagar, kuma za a kare domin ba su daina iko. Saboda haka Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Oleg yanke shawarar yi aiki wayo. Ya bar babban sojojinsa a wani sumame, kuma ya wuce da kansa kashe a matsayin m m da kuma gayyace Askold da Dir zuwa ga cinikayya tattaunawar. Wadanda amince tafi zuwa wani taro, amma sun kasance kewaye a kan bankunan na soja tawagar. Bisa ga "Tale of bygone Years", Oleg tafi samun fyauce sarakuna, da kwaɓe su cewa su ba sanannun irin da yaudara mallaki mutane. Sa'an nan, ya yi ishãra zuwa ga kadan Igor kuma ya ce: "Wannan yarima, Rurik ta ɗana!"

Askold da Dir aka kashe nan da nan. Tudun da ragowar Askold har yanzu tsaye a kan m banki na Dnieper, da kuma tokar Dir dogon huta a kusa da coci na St. Irene.

Saboda haka Oleg ya fara sarauta a Kiev a madadin Igor. Shi ya sanar da Kiev uwar Rasha birane, cibiyar na Rasha asashe. A 882, na farko lokacin da arewaci da kuma kudancin ƙasashe aka sõyayya a karkashin daya yarima.

Wannan ne official version of events. Amma masana tarihi ana la'akari da dama zabin bisa wani kwatanta daban-daban tarihin da Legends.

zažužžukan tarihi

Alal misali, akwai bambancin ra'ayi game da asalin na Askold da Dir. Wasu masana tarihi yi imani da cewa Askold wani Slav da wani kai tsaye zuriyar Dir. Others, duk da haka, kawai yaba Deere Slavic asalin kuma a ƙarƙashin rawa, kuma Askold imani mai zuwa na baya da kuma Voivod.

Ancient Byzantine kafofin a kwatanta soja yaƙi Rousseau 866 shekaru ne kullum ake magana a daya kawai yarima, don haka shi ne zai yiwu cewa Askold da Dir - wanda kuma wannan mutum, da Vikings Askold lakabi Dir. Fassara daga Tsohon Norse harshen Deere nufi "The Beast", wanda zai iya zama wani sunan barkwanci, take.

Idan, duk da haka, amincewa bi da su kamar yadda biyu raba mutane, shi ne quite ma'ana ya ɗauka cewa Askold da Dir mulki a daban-daban sau, da kuma a cikin Tale of bygone Years artificially hade a wani co-shugabanni. Tarihin iya hada su Azancin kamar yadda biyu shege shugabanni. Masana tarihi mamaki cewa biyu sarakuna da aka kashe a lokaci guda, kamar yadda Littattafai, aka binne shi a cikin irin wannan m wurare daga juna. A ioachim labarinsa ya ce Oleg kashe daya kawai prince - Askold da Dir, inda sunan da aka ambata ba.

Idan muka kwatanta mahara tarihi kafofin, shi ya zama quite shakka cewa Deere shi ne na farko mai mulkin Kiev kuma rayu a farkon da kuma tsakiyar 9th karni, kuma Askold ya zama wanda zai gaje shi da kuma knyazhestvoval a cikin biyu da rabi na 9th karni.

Kamar yadda muka gani, a cikin tarihin na Kievan sarakuna da yawa unexplained yanayi, wanda aka tam boye daga mu dogon tarihi. mu warware su, wata rana?