Pskov sansanin soja tarihi da kuma sake dubawa

A arewa maso yammacin Rasha ta lullube sararin yankin, daga XI karni, da aka ambata a cikin tarihin matsayin Pskov sarauta. Tun da waɗanda farkon kwanaki, idan shi aka ɗauki cikinsa, kuma Ya ƙarfafã, rai kuwa shi m, aka yanke shawarar zuwa ƙulla ƙauyuka m katangu. Saboda haka shi ya zo da za a kira su birane, da kuma inda garu ya kasance musamman karfi - birãnensu. Wasu daga cikin su zauna kawai a ƙwaƙwalwar, amma waɗanda suke daga sansanin soja na Pskov yankin, wanda ya tsira har yau, kuma wannan rana ne m Monuments ya zamanin.

A haihuwa na birni-sansanin soja

The most da kuma mafi yawan sanannun USAID na wannan ƙasa ne Pskov sansanin soja, wanda photos za a iya gani a cikin labarin. A daidai ranar ta favorites a wani dabarun wuri a mahaɗar tsakãninsu Mai girma da Pskov ba a sani ba. Har ila yau ma share daga shafukan tarihi da kuma shekaru na kafuwar birnin kanta. Amma da farko rubuta ambaci shi da dangantaka da 903 shekara. A "Tale of bygone Years" Nestor da tarihin, ta kwatanta da aure, Prince Igor, rahoton cewa matarsa kawo "Pskov".

A tsawon lokaci, da Pskov sansanin soja girma, da kuma Ivan da Munin (XVI karni) an dauki daya daga cikin mafi girma da kuma mafi iko a Rasha, gina to wannan bisa ga dokoki na USAID. Yada da lokaci da iyaka kansa Pskov, Rasha zama ta uku bayan birnin kawai Moscow da kuma Novgorod. Daga cikin takardun da wadanda shekaru san cewa idan akwai arba'in convents kuma kamar yadda mutane da yawa Ikklesiya majami'u a yankinsa.

impregnable kagara

Da farko Pskov sansanin soja da aka kewaye da wani katako, da kuma maginin ganuwar, Tsarin kai tsaye a kan girma shafts. A tsakiyar XIII karni, dangane da farkon na Mongol mamayewa, suka maye gurbinsu da na dutse, da kuma lokacin da ƙarni biyu sun karu da rawar da manyan bindigogi, da karfafa hudu dozin hasumiyarki.

A yankin na sansanin soja da aka fiye da biyu murabba'in kilomita kuma an kewaye da biyar belts ganuwar da tara kilomita dari da goma sha huɗu Slotted ƙofar. Impregnable sansanin soja bango hasumiyar kuma bayar, da kuma viability na - da yawa a karkashin kasa sassa.

Wonder bayani

Ya kamata a lura da cewa Pskov sansanin soja da aka gina a kan tushen ci-gaba da fasaha a lokacin. Its garu da hasumiyoyin da aka gina da farar ƙasa tubalan, lazimta musamman m lemun tsami turmi, asirin wanda aka kiyaye asirin. A yau mun san cewa lemun tsami don samun shi har shekaru da yawa da aka huce ba a musamman rami, sa'an nan a cikin tsananin ayyana rabbai, gauraye da yashi.

A sakamakon haka shi da wani m bayani, ba su rasa su halaye ko bayan biyar ƙarni. Ƙarin ƙarfin sanar m shafi gine-gine, da dabara na ta yi kama da na zamani plaster, amma sanya wani karin m abu.

Stone sansanin soja bel

A core na Pskov sansanin soja - Triniti Mai Tsarki Cathedral da kewaye yankin Veche - aka kewaye da farko tsaron gida bango, mai lakabin Detinets ko Krom (Kremlin). Shi ne mafi ɓangare na sansanin soja. Yana da aka gina a cikin XI karni.

Na biyu sansanin soja bango, da ake kira da sunan wani m Dovmont Pskov Prince Dovmont, da kewaye yankin da cewa yana kunshe a cikin Kremlin a yau. A XIII karni shi housed daban-daban administrative Tsarin, mafi yawan abin da ka kasance daga dutse, don haka da cewa kwasfan dirkoki guda aka gano a lokacin archaeological tono.

Wall magajin garin Boris

Kamar yadda sau da yawa ya faru a cikin tarihi na garuruwa, a ganuwar da kuma a karkashin su kariya da shiri girma cikin sauri, wanda aka shirya craft kauyuka da kuma kasuwar wuri. Suka kira dasa, da kuma yadda suke girma, kuma aka kiyaye shi ta Lines na kufaifan.

Tare da wannan dalili, da na uku da aka gina sansanin soja bango, wanda ya karbi sunan daya daga cikin initiators ta yi, - magajin garin Boris. Sai ya zama mai tsira da ginin, a waje a kewaye da mai zurfi tsanya. A ƙasa kuma zo a karkashin ta kariya, aka kira "zastene", da kuma ƙarshe kara da cewa wannan sunan da kalmar "haihuwa."

Ganuwar, kammala gina kagara

Wannan bango ya tsaya har sai tsakiyar XV karni, bayan wanda aka rushe babban ɓangare, a matsayin townsmen cewa lokaci ya girma, kuma da aminci ya gina wani layin na kufaifan. Wannan sabon ginin - Wall of tsakiya na gari (na hudu a jere), da aka gina a layi daya da wanda ya riga - Wall magajin garin Boris kuma duk kewaye da ita yanki zama da aka sani da suna "New Zastenem". Yana da aka amince kare Pskov sansanin soja da kuma daga Pskovy River. A nan, shi ya rufe bangon, farkon gina wanda Dates baya ga 1404 shekara.

Kuma a karshe, na karshe - biyar zobe na gagarumin - aka gina a cikin irin wannan hanya da cewa a ciki shi ne, ba kawai wani gagarumin rabo daga birnin, amma da cewa yana da muhimmanci sosai bangare na Pskov kogin. A sakamakon Pskov sansanin soja, da tarihi na wanda da cewa lokaci kunshi kusan biyar ƙarni, shi ya zama kusan m ga makiya. Its kare ba barazana ba yunwa ba, kuma ba kishi, tun da kogin azurta su da kifi da kuma ruwa.

Karshen fama kagara hanya

A karshe mataki na aiki gina kagara fadi a farkon na XVIII karni lokacin da a kan umarni na Bitrus I na ta gaggauta shirye domin Great Arewa War. A lokacin wadannan shekaru da yawa redoubts aka gina da kuma daban-daban outworks.

Abin baƙin ciki, su yi ne sau da yawa da za'ayi a cikin kudi na tsohon gine-gine, a matsayin tare da kasawa da kayan gini aikatã game Ibada da hasumiya. Bayan sanya hannu na 1721 yarjejeniyar da Nystad, wanda ya kawo karshen yaki da Sweden, Pskov kagara rasa ta soja muhimmanci da kuma ƙarshe ya fadi a cikin disrepair.

Sansanin soja, ya juya a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya hadaddun

A lokacin da hamsin hamsin, da sittin daga cikin karni na ashirin da Leningrad hermitage a Pskov sansanin soja da aka za'ayi archaeological tono da kuma maido ayyukansu. Yau Pskov kuma ta castle ne daga cikin mafi rare yawon shakatawa inda ake nufi.

A high, da gaske Turai, yawon shakatawa da sabis matakin eloquently shigarwar bar a cikin bako littafin na gidan kayan gargajiya-ajiye, kazalika a kan yanar mallakar shi. A mafi yawansu ba su akwai wani babban kwarewa da kuma sauran erudition shiryar da su gudanar da yawon shakatawa. Godiya a gare su, baƙi sun iya shiru halarci tarihin kasarmu, daya daga cikin cibiyoyin da ya sau daya Pskov.

Reviews ne ma cike da godiya ga kula da cewa an dauka da kungiyoyin wanda ya kai ziyara zuwa wuraren tarihi na Pskov kuma da ikon yinsa aka bai iyakance don wata rana. A musu kayan da aka bayar da hotel gana da mafi nagartacce, kuma an hawa zuwa na zamani da kuma dadi bas.

Izborsk kagara (Pskov yankin)

Ci gaba da magana game da tsohon kufaifan na Pskov yankin, ba a ma maganar da castle, da gina wanda aka haɗa zuwa tushe na birnin Izborsk, bisa ga bincike na ga VII-Sabunta karni. Lokacin da karnuka uku daga baya, shi ya girma a cikin wata babbar kasuwanci da kuma handicraft cibiyar, da katako, da kuma maginin sansanin soja ganuwar da aka maye gurbinsu da dutse.

Izborsk kagara (Pskov yankin) ya gani da yawa a cikin rayuwa, da yawa ya auku to da rabo daga ban tausayi shafukan. A farkon rabin karni na XIII shi aka sau biyu kama da Jamusanci Knights, tare da karshe drive su fita kawai ya taimaki nasara Aleksandra Nevskogo lashe da su a 1242 a Lake Peipus.

A karni daga baya, da kare heroically tsayayya da kewaye na Livonian Knights, da kuma a 1367 kori Jamusawa daga ganuwar, kokarin shiga cikin birnin tare da taimakon sojoji da raguna. A lokacin da matsaloli, da sansanin soja da aka impregnable ga dakarun na Lithuanian bafadan Aleksandra Lisovskogo, amma bayan ƙarshen Arewa War, ta, kamar ta 'yar'uwarsa, Pskov, rasa ta soja muhimmancin da kuma hankali ya fadi a cikin disrepair.

Kagara birni Kapor

Wani mai ban sha'awa tunawa da na da tsaron gida gine ne dake a cikin kaho (Pskov yankin). A sansanin soja, dake a cikin birnin da kuma wanda ake kira da sunansa, da aka gina a 1237 da Knights na Livonian Order, amma bayan shekaru hudu da suka tsãwace Alexander Nevsky sojojin. Ta yawa sau halakar da kuma sāke gina. A karo na farko shi ya faru a 1282 a sakamakon na tawaye ga sarkin Novgorod Dmitry Alexandrovich, wanda aka ƙoƙarin boye daga gare su bãyan katangu.

Daga bisani, shi ya sha nanata aka kama da Swedes, amma duk lokacin da na zo da baya a hannun tsoffin Masters. A karshe mai shi daga cikin castle shi ne Mabayyani Prince Alexander Danilovich Menshikov, wanda ya karbi shi a matsayin kyauta ne daga Peter I. Duk da haka, bayan rasuwar zama majiɓinci lashe ya fadi a cikin kunya, da sansanin soja da aka kwace, kuma ta tafi a baitulmalin Haikali.

Ba kamar sauran Rasha birãnensu, Kapor da bai taba aka mayar, kuma ba za'ayi maido aiki a kan da karkararta. A sakamakon haka, da sansanin soja ne a yanzu a cikin wani sosai yanayin talauci, amma, a daya hannun, bisa ga sukar, yana yiwuwa za a kiyaye su a cikin na asali tsari zuwa abubuwa da yawa na da gine-gine.