An kammala tarihin Intanit?

A cikin shekarun da suka gabata na karni na ashirin, Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kasuwanci (ARPA) a karkashin Sashen Tsaro na Amurka ya kafa cibiyar sadarwa na farko, wanda shine samfurin na Intanet da aka sani yanzu. Cibiyar sadarwa ta kirkiro, wadda ake kira ARPAnet, ta kasance gwaji, kuma an halicce shi ne don tallafawa bincike a sansanin soja. Babban manufar ARPAnet shine yiwuwar kowane kwamfuta a kowane lokaci don haɗawa da wani kwamfuta da aka haɗa zuwa Network. Saboda haka labari na Intanit ya fara.

A farkon watan Disamba na 1969, an riga an haɗa jigon hudu zuwa cibiyar sadarwar, ta amfani da yarjejeniyar NCP (Network Network Protocol) don aika sakon bayanai. Shekaru goma bayan haka, aikin ya fara ne akan samar da yarjejeniyar TCP / IP ta yanzu, lokacin da aka sanar da cibiyar ta ARPAnet a 1975 a matsayin aiki.
Don haka, tarihin halittar Intanet ya fara tare da cibiyar sadarwa ta ARPAnet, manufar ci gaba wanda shine farkon damar da kowa ya halarci ci gaban soja ba kawai don kulawa da sadarwa akan cibiyoyin kwamfuta ba, har ma don amfani da albarkatu na kananan kwakwalwa da suka wanzu a wancan lokacin, a cikin birane daban-daban na kasar.

Wadannan karatun da suka shafi karatun sun ja hankulan kungiyoyin bincike da masu bincike wadanda suka jagoranci taron DARPA da yawa. Tarihin halittar yanar-gizon kuma ya nuna cewa don daidaitawa da kuma gudanar da ci gaba da tsare-tsare na Intanet, an kafa Kayan Gida ta musamman da Cibiyar Intanet ta yanar gizo, wanda ya wanzu har sai da sake sake shi zuwa cikin Ayyukan Ayyukan Intanet a 1983. Bukatar ƙirƙirar wannan rukunin ya fito daga gaskiyar cewa mai yawa masu bincike sun riga sun shiga cikin shirin TCP / IP.

Tambayoyi na TCP / IP a shekarar 1983 an riga sun kasance a matsayin matsayin soja a Amurka. Bayan wannan muhimmin mataki wanda ya rinjayi aikin da tarihin Intanet ya fara ingantawa a duniya, duk kwamfutar da ke cikin ARPAnet, wanda ake kira dakarun, ya fara buƙatar yin aikin kawai tare da waɗannan ladabi. A wannan lokaci kuma an yi amfani da intanit, yana magana ne game da cibiyar sadarwa ta MILNET, wadda ba ta da wani ɓangare na DDN (Network Data Network), kuma sabon, ya ragu cikin girman ARPAnet. Saboda haka, tarihin Intanet yana da nasaba da cibiyar sadarwa na ARPAnet, wanda ya zama alamar zamani na Intanit.

A 1985, tarihi na Intanet a duniya ya karbi sabon tasiri: a kan ARPAnret, an kirkiro sabuwar cibiyar, wato NETwork na National Science Foundation (NSFNET), ko cibiyar sadarwa na National Science Foundation, wadda ke da manyan manyan cibiyoyin bincike guda shida, Amurka da kuma kayan aiki tare da manyan masu sarrafa kayan aiki. Sabuwar hanyar sadarwa, da aka kira TCP / IP ta Intanet, an halicce su don taimakawa masu bincike daga jami'o'i daban-daban a Amurka su sami damar sarrafa kayan aiki na masu sarrafa kayan aiki da aka haɗa da cibiyar sadarwa domin kowane injiniya da masanin kimiyya a kasar zasu iya haɗuwa da wata cibiyar sadarwar, kuma tun a 1985 Yawan ƙungiyoyi da aka haɗa da cibiyar sadarwa sun karu da karuwa.

Yawancin cibiyoyin, ciki har da ilimi da kasuwanci, sun gano manyan damar yin musayar bayanai, wanda ya saba da sabon fasaha. Babban adadin kwakwalwa da aka haɗa da cibiyar sadarwar ta haifar da saukewa na cibiyoyin sadarwa da kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, saboda haka nan da nan an fara amfani da layin tarho mai sauri don kungiyar kungiyar sadarwa.

Sauyawar juyin juya halin gaba daya a tsarin yanar gizo ya faru a watan Mayun 1993, lokacin da cibiyar sadarwa ta baya, abin da ake kira "hanyoyi masu isa" ko NAP ya fara aiki, wanda ƙananan ƙananan kasuwancin kasuwanci zasu iya hulɗa. Saboda haka, cibiyar sadarwa na NSFNET, wanda shine ainihin, ya rufe, bada hanya ga gine na NAP, wanda, a sakamakon haka, ya juya zuwa Intanit.

Duk da haka, ingantaccen yanar gizo ya dace da zuwan yanar gizo - Wizard ta Duniya ko WWW, bisa ga sabon fasahar da ke amfani da takardun hypertext, wanda ya ba da damar masu amfani don samun damar yin amfani da duk wani bayanin da aka buga a yanar gizo. WWW fasaha ta yanar gizo shine babban sabis ɗin Intanit, ba kamar sabis na baya don samun damar Telnet ba.

A halin yanzu, tarihin halittar yanar-gizon bai wuce ba. Cikakken tsarin sadarwa na duniya yana ci gaba da kuma makawa. Yawan masu amfani da bukatunsu suna girma, wanda ke haifar da ci gaban Cibiyar sadarwa, matsalolin da ke faruwa, neman hanyoyin da suka dace da inganta fasaha. Yanzu, kamar yadda tarihin Intanit ya nuna, ana amfani da hanyar sadarwa ba kawai ta hanyar kwararru ba, har ma da ɗalibai, dalibai da sauran mutane a duk faɗin duniya waɗanda suke so su ci gaba tare da lokaci.