Irena Sendler (Krzyzanowska): biography. Heroes antifascist juriya a Poland

A kaka 2008, da fim "Jaruntakan Heart of Irena Sendler" da aka nuna a Amurka. Ya gaya na wata mace da suka zare jiki ta shige a watan Mayu na wannan shekara, a Warsaw a 99 ga watan shekara ta rayuwa. Mai kallo yayin da kallon hotunan ba sa iya rike baya ta hawaye, saboda haka m da kuma ban tausayi labarin na Irena Sendler ya.

yara

Irena Kshizhanovskaya aka haife shi a iyali likita, da aka gudanar a baiwa, wanda shi ne mai kula da asibiti da kuma sau da yawa bayar da kiwon lafiya da taimako ga matalauta Yahudawan da suke iya biya domin magani. Ko kafin haihuwar 'yarsa ya kasance mai aiki takara a anti-gwamnatin ayyuka. Lokacin Irene ya shekaru 7 da haihuwa, mahaifinsa ya mutu daga zazzaɓi, kamuwa da marasa lafiya. Yahudawa al'umma, sosai tsenivshaya yabo Dr. Krzyzanowska, yanke shawarar taimakawa iyalinsa ta wurin miƙa biya Irene horo ga ta shekaru - da shekaru 18 da shekaru. A yarinya ta uwa ki saboda na san yadda wuya shi ne gida da yawa na tsohon marasa lafiya na mijinta, amma gaya wannan 'yar. Saboda haka, a cikin zuciya na har abada Irena zaunar da godiya da soyayya, wanda daga baya ta haifi dubban yara.

A jami'a ta shiga cikin Yaren mutanen Poland Socialist Party, kamar yadda ta so su ci gaba da mahaifinsa aiki.

A 1932, Irene aure Mechislava Sendlera, amma aure dade ba, ko da hukuma saki, ba su bayar.

feat

Lokacin da ya yi da Holocaust a Poland, Irena Sendler ya wani ma'aikaci na Warsaw Department of Health. Bugu da kari, ta kasance memba na Yaren mutanen Poland karkashin kasa da kungiyar "Zegota", da aka tsunduma a kauda taimako ga Yahudawa.

By nagarta na sana'a aiki matasa mace a kai a kai ziyarci Warsaw duhun kai da kuma taimaka wa marasa lafiya yara. Amfani da wannan cover, Irena Sendler da kuma sauran mambobin "Zegota" ajiye 2500 Yahudawa yara, wanda aka sa'an nan canjawa wuri zuwa ga gidajen ibada, masu zaman kansu da kuma iyali mafaka.

Bisa ga memoirs mahalarta a cikin wadanda events, da kuma yara da aka sanya a cikin kwalaye da ramuka, pre-shayar kwayoyin maganin barci, sa'an nan a kawar da daga duhun kai ga inji da aka tsĩrar da disinfectants. Amma ga mazan yara, da suka kwashe a jaka da kwanduna, da aka dauka ta hanyar da sewers, basements na gidaje da gine-gine m zuwa yankin tanada mazaunin Yahudawa.

tsaro

Irena Sendler ya kula da cewa bayan da yaki da tsĩrar da yara sun iya samun iyayensu. Ta rubuta sunayensu a kan jirgin ruwa ake ɗaukar da takarda da folded su a cikin wani gilashi kwalba, wanda aka binne shi a lambun wani aboki.

A 1943 Irena Sendler aka kama, dalilin yi aiki a matsayin wani m denunciation. Matasa mace da aka azabtar, kokarin gano wanda ta Tawagar gangarawa da juriya motsi, ko kawai na daga cikin karkashin kasa da kungiyar. A lokaci guda Irene nuna wani lokacin farin ciki fayil da denunciations da rahotanni a kan ayyukanta, sa hannu da ta saba mutane. Manufar na Nazis ya san sunayen sauran membobin Ajiye Banĩ ake gudanar da wuraren da yara kasance sunã ɓõyewa. Duk da duka, m Irena bai bayar da sahabbansa da kuma ya gaya wa Gestapo, inda lists da sunayen matasa Yahudawa, saboda a lõkacin, bã zã a iya sa ran aika a cikin Treblinka mutuwa sansanin da kuma mutuwa.

"Kisa" da kuma tsere

Rashin samun sakamakon, da Nazis aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa, Irena. Abin farin, Sendler yana da rai - mahalarta na anti-farkisanci da juriya a Poland ajiye ta da bribing gadi. Wadanda, bi da bi, ya ruwaito, zuwa ga umurnin cewa kisa ya faru, don haka Irene ba ya nema.

Bisa ga memoirs wata mace kafin harbi ta kirawo a karshe tambaya. Rakiyar ta soja ya kawo Irene don ginin da Gestapo, da kuma tura a cikin titi da kuma umurce su da su gudu. Akwai Yaren mutanen Poland karkashin kasa wanda ya ɗauki ta zuwa wani wuri. "A memory" game da zama a cikin Nazi azabtarwa da bẽnãye a Irene zauna matalauta kiwon lafiya, da kuma karshen rayuwar ta ta ciyar a keken hannu.

manufa Gamawa

Irene Sendler ya shiga buya har zuwa karshen yakin. Bayan kwata 'yanci na Poland, ta ya iya kai bayani game da ceto yara zuwa Adolf Berman, wanda daga shekarar 1947 zuwa 1949 ya kasance shugaban kwamitin tsakiya na Yahudawa a Poland. Godiya ga wani dogon bincike, gudanar ya tara iyalan da suka kasance wadanda ke fama da da Holocaust. Amma ga marayu yara, bayan da dogon fitina karshe kaisu Isra'ila.

Rayuwa bayan da yaki

Zai ze cewa tare da zuwan zaman lafiya a Turai Jaruntakan Heart of Irena Sendler iya kwantar da hankali, kuma ta karshe warkar da natsuwa rayuwar iyali. Duk da haka, rabo yanke shawarar saka shi a wata buga: jihar tsaro gabobin Poland koya game da dangantakar da Regional Army da kuma fara ta bi. A shekarar 1949, a lokacin da wani m tambaya ciki Irena prematurely haifi wani yaro wanda ya mutu a 'yan kwanaki baya.

mubaya'a fitarwa

Ko da yake a kan lokaci Irena Sendler, da Yaren mutanen Poland hukuma bar shi kadai, ba ta ji maƙiya hali na hukuma ga mutum har faduwar kwaminisanci tsarin mulki. Saboda haka, a lokacin da a shekarar 1965 da Museum na Holocaust na Isra'ila "Yad Vashem" ya yanke shawarar ya lashe kyautar da Irena Sendler lakabi na girmamawa na Salihai daga cikin al'ummai, shi da aka ba a yarda ya ziyarci kasar a cikin abin da suka zauna shi ne ya ceto ta da zarar maza da mata da suke riga manya, kuma ya wadãtu da shi na biyu uwar.

Kawai a cikin 1983 Yaren mutanen Poland hukuma dauke da ban a kan ta tafiya kasashen waje, da kuma Irena Sendler ya iya ziyarci Isra'ila, inda ya dasa masa itace a cikin Memory lungu.

Ko sa'an nan, a duniya, 'yan mutãne sun san cewa a wani suna fadin Apartment a Warsaw zaune da haihuwa lady, cika a feat cewa ya cancanci duk da mafi lambobin yabo da karrama. Amma rabo zai yi da shi, to Irena Sendler rayu ganin rana idan koyi game da tarihi a sassa daban daban na duniya.

Kuma shi duka ya faru da hatsari a 1999, da kuma qaddamar sake zama da yara - hudu makaranta daga Uniontown American gari. Suka shirya wani rahoto ga aikin "Tarihin Day" da kuma malamin ya nuna musu wata jarida labarin shekaru biyar da suka wuce a karkashin lakabi "Wani Schindler." Wadanda sha'awar girls fara kama bayani game da Irena Sendler, da kuma gano cewa, ta kasance da rai har yanzu. Da taimakon dangi da kuma malamai da suka rubuta cikin play "Rayuwa a banki", wanda aka aiwatar a cikin daban-daban sinimomi a Amurka, Canada, da kuma daga baya, a Poland. Da 'yan mata ko da ya zo Warsaw, inda suka gan su tsafi. Zumuntarsu da Irena Sendler ci gaba ga dama shekaru, lokacin da lokacin da suka ziyarci Uwar na Holocaust Yara.

karrama

The isa yabo na Irena Sendler dogon m aka kimanta da gwamnatin Poland, wanda a 2003 bayar da ta da Order of White Eagle. Gentlemen daga cikin mafi girman kyautar to Sandler zama Turai wadanada, ciki har da Bitrus da Great, sanannen soja shugabannin da kuma Paparoma. Order of White Eagle an mayar a Poland kawai, a 1992, da kuma daga cikin masu karɓa a cikin past '24 wuya kowa ya cancanci da shi a matsayin Mrs. Sendler.

Bugu da kari, shekara guda kafin mutuwar Irena Prime ministan Isra'ila da kuma shugaban Poland miƙa Nobel kwamitin lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel da ita. Alheri Sendler bai dauki wuri, tun da kwamitin a lokacin da bai canja ba da dokoki, danganci to dace lada ga ayyuka da cewa an aikata a baya da shekaru biyu.

Kamar yadda daya daga cikin Yaren mutanen Poland Manema labarai 'Prize kunyatawa. " Wadanda suka mika ta, tafiya wani mutum ya cancanci ta fiye da kowa, don lashe kyautar Al Gore ya gabatar game da matsaloli na duniya Warming.

Kuma a shekarar 2007, shekarar da Mrs. Irene aka bayar da lambar yabo "Order na Smile." Kamar yadda a kullum a Irene ta rayuwa ta shãmakace yara: shi aka gabatar a matsayin 'yan takarar lashe kyautar yaro Shimon Plotsennikom na Zielona Gora. "Order na Smile" da aka kafa a Poland a 1968, da kuma aka bayar ga mutanen da suka bayar da yara da farin ciki. A shekarar 1979, ya lashe kyautar da aka ba kasa da kasa matsayi, kuma tun sa'an nan da 'yan takara a cũsa shi ance hukumar kunshi wakilan 24 ƙasashe.

A fim "The Jaruntakan Heart of Irena Sendler"

A fim, wanda an riga an ambaci, aka yin fim a Latvia. Lokacin da American 'yan jarida gaya Irene cewa ta rayuwa a lokacin yaki suna zuwa yin fim, ta ce ta amince. A wannan yanayin, da mace ya tambayi cewa hoton da aka gaskiya da kuma nuna Amirkawa abin da gaske ya yaki, kama da Warsaw duhun kai, da kuma abin da ya faru a can. Irena Sendler rawa a cikin fim buga da New Zealand actress Anna Paquin, wanda a shekarar 1994 an girmama tare fim lambar yabo "Oscar" for Best Tallafa Actor. Kamar yadda yan kallo, da fim samu wani sosai high-kafa da mãsu gaskiya. Zanen kamar kuma ya Irena Sendler - Ioannina, wanda aka asali adawa da ra'ayin samar da wani cinematic version na biography mahaifiyarsa.

The motsi juriya a Poland

Magana game da feat Sendler, shi ya kamata a fahimci cewa m mace ba aiki shi kadai. Bisa ga mafi Pani Irena, domin ya cece daya yaro ta ke bukatar taimako, a kalla mutane 12 :. Drivers, ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, tsaro masu gadi, ma'aikata na mafaka, jami'an prescribers ƙirƙira takardun, da dai sauransu ne na musamman rawar da ya na Yaren mutanen Poland nuns. An sani cewa yara 500 da ceto ta Irena Sendler, an iya tsira godiya ga taimako. Duk da haka, da yawa mata sun biya domin wani Kirista humanism, bayyana dangane da yara na sauran addinai, kuma rãyukansu, kuma ko da ya zama shahidai. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1944 a cikin hurumi na Warsaw Nazis doused tare da fetur da kuma ƙone da rai a rukuni na nuns wadanda suka taimaka wajen Yahudawa.

Babu kasa m, da kuma labarin yadda Wojciech Zhukavsky da Alexander Zelverovich boye 40 yara daga cikin duhun kai a zoo, inda za su yi boye a cikin cages tare da dabbobi.

Yanzu da ka san wanda ya Irena Sendler, da wani fim na wanda shi ne haƙĩƙa daraja a look, musamman tun da shi ne samuwa a Rasha translation.