Oleg Antonov, jirgin sama zanen: biography tare da hotuna

Aircraft zanen Oleg Antonov ya mahaliccin da yawa model na jirgin sama na daban-daban dalilai. Bayan yakin duniya na II, ya zama shugaban zane ofishin a Kiev, inda yake sayar da rinjaye na ta ayyukan.

iyali

7 Fabrairu 1904 a cikin iyali na da yakin m Konstantin Antonov An haife Oleg Antonov. Jirgin sama da aka haife shi a karamin kauye na Triniti Podolsky gundumar, Moscow lardin. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 8 da haihuwa, da mahaifansa biyu koma Saratov.

By Antonov sau da yawa ziyarci mahaifinsa wa Vladislav. Uncle dan gaya da ban mamaki da labaru game da jirgin sama. Ta kawai kawai ya fito fili, kuma shi ne saboda haka musamman karfi da sha'awar da Sahaban. Wannan yana daga cikin m masu sauraro da kuma Oleg Antonov. Aircraft daga baya ya tuna yadda ya kawu labarai karfi da tasiri da yara mafarkai na nan gaba. A sa'an nan da yaron ya fahimci cewa ya aka ƙaddara tashi, da kuma wani aiki zai zama wani ɓata lokaci a gare shi.

A sha'awa na rayuwa

Oleg sha'awa a cikin iyali shared kawai kaka. Da zarar ta ya ba ta jikan wasa model jirgin sama. A lokaci guda, da mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa ba kula da so da ɗansa, da imani da cewa a nan gaba ya kamata ya yi wani abu mafi cikakken da kuma ya saba wa abin da lokaci. Amma, duk da wannan, da gidan ya fara bayyana hotuna da kuma littattafai game da jiragen sama, wanda ya tattara matasa Oleg Antonov. Aircraft Stores wadannan kayan har ƙarshen ya kwana. Improvised adabi da kuma jaridar Clippings yaro sanya kansa reference, wanda musamman ya taimake shi a nan gaba. Oleg a wani sosai kananan shekaru san tarihin jirgin sama masana'antu da kuma ya shirye su ciyar hours tattauna biography na fi so matuka.

A Saratov, yaron ya tafi zuwa karatu a cikin gida fasaha makaranta. Ya sanya cewa zabi saboda ainihin kimiyyar. Amma, kuma wadannan, da dalibi ya m da kuma sauran abubuwa. Alal misali, Oleg daidai ƙware da Faransanci da harshen. Daga baya wannan fasaha ya zama wani makawa ga kayan aiki da taro tare da kasashen waje wakila zuwa Yammacin masana.

} Ananan yara, daga nan gaba jirgin sama duhunta m hasãra. A shekara ta 1914 yakin duniya na farko. Oleg mahaifiyar sa suna a cikin masu aikin jinya da kuma fara taimaka da rauni a asibiti. A lokacin daya daga cikin miya Anna Efimovna zo karkashin hari m kamuwa da cuta da cewa samun shiga jikin ta hanyar wani kananan karce. A lokacin rani na 1915 ta mutu na jini guba. Ta kawai dan ya zama kaka tada.

"A kulob din na jirgin sama masu goyon baya"

Bayan karshen firamarensa, Oleg yanke shawarar shiga da a jirgin makaranta. Duk da haka, ya ba a karɓa saboda jiki kyakkyawan tanadi. A cikin boys kiwon lafiya tasiri samu a cikin shimfiɗar jariri typhus da kuma yunwa da yaki da shekaru. Zo da ma'ana daidai lokacin da jirgin sama Antonov biography iya fito fili quite daban.

Kama a tsaka-tsaki, saurayin ya yanke shawarar shigar da Hanyoyi Sadarwa Department of Jami'ar Saratov. A cikin wannan birnin, shi ne kamar yadda kusa da jirgin sama theme. Duk da haka, a shekara daga baya jami'a aka sake tsarafa da kuma soke Department of Antonov. Ya aka miƙa don zuwa ginin sashen, amma ya ƙi.

Man tsĩrar da shi "Club magoya na jirgin sama." Wannan da'irar da ya halitta tare da yara da abokai wanda shared jarrabawa da jiragen sama. Gwarazansa tsunduma a mai son yi - a cikin sharuddan na bayanai da aka tattara yunwa thematic kayan da ajiye kudi a kan wani abu tada naka glider. A halin yanzu, ya bayyana a Saratov Society of Friends na Air jiragen ruwa. Kungiyar ta kasaftawa "kulob din" a kananan dakin cikin ganuwar na masana'antu kwaleji. Godiya ga wannan taimako a 1924. biography Antonov jirgin sama alama wani muhimmin taron. Ya halitta ta farko da jirgin sama - glider "Dove".

Koktebel a Birnin Leningrad,

Ba da da ewa Oleg 'yan} ungiyarsu gayyace zuwa Koktebel. A wannan Crimean gari ya wuce na biyu All-Union gangamin na glider matukan jirgi. Antonov, tare da abokinsa Eugene Bravarskim mu'ujiza iya isar da wani "kurciya" a kan wasu ƙarshen kasar. Don yin wannan su ya tsoma mota a kan jirgin kasa dandali.

Koktebel ya general ra'ayoyi na na'urorin tattara daidai m, a matsayin Antonov. Aircraft daga baya ya tuna ya jimami a lõkacin da "blue", piloted da wani kwararren matukin jirgi, ba ya kashe, da kuma kawai sanya 'yan m hops. Hakika, shi ne mai maye ba, amma shi ya kasance mai tafiya zuwa Koktebel ya iya numfashi a wani saurayi sabon ƙarfi. A Crimea, ya gana da yawa abokan aiki da suka, kamar shi, mafarkin kawai na mamaya a cikin sama.

Saka hannu, a wata ganawa glider Antonov kuwa ba a banza. Da takararsa aka bada shawarar ga m zuwa Birnin Leningrad, Polytechnic Institute. Boy gaske sa suna a cikin Faculty of cikin jirgin, a kan ballewa seaplane. Wannan wuri ne mai yiwuwa mafi kyau a kasar, da cewa da gaske akwai magana game da kwatanta da tsohon Saratov University, wanda na farko ya bayyana Oleg Antonov. A jirgin sama samu a can da zama dole kwarewa da kuma basirar da sanya shi a farko-aji gwani a cikin filin. A Birnin Leningrad, ya ba da musamman adabi matsaloli. Xabi'un yanke hoto na yellowed jarida tarihin zauna a baya. The dalibi da sauri zaunar cikin wani sabon birni. Ya zama wani aiki memba na daban-daban kungiyoyin da sassan.

zanen gliders

Karatu ya ƙare a 1930. A shekara ta 1933, shekaru 27 da haihuwa zanen da aka nada a matsayin shugaban zane ofishin na daya daga cikin glider ma'aikata a Moscow. Don cewa shekaru shi ne wani mataki mai nasara. Abin da sanã'anta shi Oleg Antonov? A jirgin sama da aka ba kawai ribobi, ya kasance mai daraja halayen jagoranci da kuma ya ba tsoro ya zama proactive inda takwarorinsa zai iya daukar wani mayar da wurin zama. All su fice basira da kuma halayya da Antonov ya nuna a na farko "real" aiki.

Waɗannan su ne shekarun da "Great Tsautsayi Forward", inda sabon masana'antu da aka halitta kawai. Antonov Design Ofishin an dangana ga shuka a Tushino. The kama ne kawai da cewa wannan kamfanin ya ba tukuna aka gina. Designers yi aiki a cikin studio, ware Osaviahimom. Ta kasance ba a ko'ina, amma a cikin ginshiki a cikin Aljanna Zobe. A baya can, an yi amfani da matsayin ruwan inabi cellar. Yanzu akwai biyu teams aiki - gliding da reaktivschikov. Jagoran na farko da kungiyar da aka Oleg Antonov, da shugaban na biyu - babu kasa da almara Sergei Korolev. Sai na zauna a shahara zanen a cikin wannan cramped yanayi, jama'a da kuma haifar da nan gaba na cikin gida da jirgin sama.

Teams aiki a kan halittar sabon model na jirgin sama, a fili kafa makasudin - ba kasar da jirgin ruwa, wanda za a iya sanya samuwa ga daban-daban yadudduka na Soviet yawan jama'a. A gaskiya ma, masana'antu shugabannin so su rabu da jirgin sama elitism. Antonov ya cimma manufarta. Kamfaninsa ya saki na biyu dubu sabon jiragen ruwa a kowace shekara, wanda ya abar ƙyãma na ga wani saurayi Soviet tattalin arzikin.

Great Patriotic War

Yuni 22, 1941 Soviet jirgin sama zanen O. K. Antonov hadu a Lithuanian Kaunas. Wannan gari ne sosai a kusa da jihar iyakar da Tarayyar Soviet. Saboda haka, yana daga cikin na farko farmaki da Jamusawa. Antonov gudanar ya fitad da birnin a kawai 'yan sa'o'i kafin isowar Wehrmacht. Duk da bom, har yanzu ya koma zuwa Moscow.

A babban birnin kasar, duk abin da ya fara daga karce. Ya aka tsince wani sabon tawagar, wadda aka karkashin jagorancin Oleg Konstantinovich Antonov. Biography na talented zanen da aka riga da aka sani zuwa ga shugabannin kasar Sin. Saboda haka ya samu 'yan yana kokarin muhimmanci ayyuka. Antonov aka kaddamar a tsara wani jirgin ruwa da zai zama wani babban kayan aiki ga harkokin sufuri na sojojin. Kamar 'yan watanni na aiki tukuru zo da A-7. A jirgin ruwa da aka tsara don bakwai fasinjoji. Yana da aka yi amfani da su samar da abinci da kuma harsasai, da yaƙin kungiyoyin, wanda sun kunshe da kansu a cikin makiya raya.

A 1943, Yakovlev Design ofishin ya samu wani muhimmin sabon ma'aikaci. Suka zama Oleg Antonov. A jirgin sama, wanda biography ya riga cike da daban-daban kammala ayyukan, halarci ne da halittar kuma gyara daga model irin matsayin Yak-3 da Yak-9. Sun kasance sũ ne mayakan da suka zama wani karaya makami a hannun Soviet sojojin. Antonov da Yakovlev sun san tun yana saurayi. Su na farko hadu a ambata haduwa a Koktebel, inda nan da 'yan Shi'ah umurnin bayyana da yawa nan gaba manyan malaman da jirgin sama masana'antu da harkokin kasuwanci.

Motsi zuwa Kiev

A karshen yaki, lokacin da kasar da aka jiran labarai game da dogon-jiran nasara, Antonov samu wani tsari da ya zayyana wani sabon multipurpose jirgin sama. A zanen har yanzu bai gudanar da irin wannan inji. Future na An-2 da aka tsara, ciki har da aikin gona da dalilai. Ya ya zama m, kuma su iya zauna kamar a filin jirgin sama, da kuma a kan filin unprepared.

A aikin da ya kafa musamman sashen Yakovlev zane hukumar a Novosibirsk. Antonov mayar da su cikin gabashin kasar. Akwai ya sa tare da wani sabon tawagar, wanda ya kunshi yafi na dalibai jiya - sabo digiri na gida aviatehnikuma. Yana wani babban hadarin, amma gwani dalĩli da unprecedented makamashi sanya su aiki. An-2 ya fara samar a shekarar 1947. Duk da haka, domin a nan gaba saki wannan model, tawagar koma Kiev.

A cikin wannan birnin har zuwa karshen rayuwa da jaki Antonov. A jirgin sama, wanda biography yana cike da crossings da kuma tafiye-tafiye a cikin mafi sassa daban daban na kasar, daga karshe na samo ta wuri. Kiev hukumar shi ne ya cancanta patrimony. Duk da haka, da masu sana'a dalĩli Antonov sau da yawa na nufin kõme ba zuwa Soviet burokrasi, wanda "daraja" ayyukan da manufofi, da sanin for wasu yadda "mafi alhẽri" ga masana'antu. Saboda haka, zanen da ka zahiri doke su jirage. Fada nomenclature officialdom ba zai iya taimaka amma yin tunãni a kan yadda ji Oleg Konstantinovich Antonov. Personal rayuwa na wannan mutumin da wuya kaga ba tare da wasanni. Amma ko da ya ba ajiye zanen daga danniya da kuma rikitarwa. Duk da yake har yanzu karatu a Birnin Leningrad, Antonov sanã'anta tarin fuka. Wannan cuta aka lokaci-lokaci tunãtar da shi na kansa, kuma mafi sau da yawa shi ne a cikin lokacin da ya fi tsanani gwagwarmaya tare da jam'iyyar functionaries.

AN jerin

A shekaru 50, a rundunar sabon model, mahaliccin wanda ya Antonov. A jirgin sama, wanda ya fara samun wani photo na duk Soviet jaridu, aiki kowace rana a kan wani m jadawali. Ya dage farawa daga by fiye da 100%, don haka shi ya zama wani wuri da CB gwajin more kuma mafi sabon jirgin sama. A cikin marigayi 50s sun fasinja jirgin ruwa AN (AN-10 da kuma AN-24). Duk da haka, Oleg K. tsaya irin ayyukan, a lokacin da ya barke da daya daga cikin model tare da fasinjoji a jirgin.

Kowane sabon jirgin sama halitta a cikin hanjinsu na Antonov Design ofishin, dandana 'yan gyare-gyare. A wannan abar dangane da mota ya aka nuna wani kwararren rubutun hannu Oleg Konstantinovich. Ga shi, kowane AN Series aikin wani mahimmin juzu'in nasa rai. Bugu da kari, Antonov ya ƙididdigewa na da kansa alhakin Soviet mutane da kuma farashin ko wata 'yar alamar kuskure.

Akwai fiye da zirga-zirga "Antonov". A apogee wannan layi shi ne An-124, wanda aka sanshi a matsayin "Ruslan". Wannan jirgin sama, wanda ya bayyana a cikin 1982, ya duniya most kaya jirgin sama serial jirgin. Kamar yadda ya juya waje, da aikin da ya zama swan song daga cikin manyan zanen. A wannan na'ura ya ya iya aiwatar da duk ideas da cewa tare da masu sana'a aiki. A daidai wannan lokaci da shugaban na Kyiv Design Ofishin an zabe wani Academician na Academy of Sciences da Tarayyar Soviet. Yana yake duk da haka wani tabbaci na isa yabo da kuma kasashen waje, ta hanyar abin da duk mashawarta jirgin sama zanen. Oleg Antonov, ban da ta core kasuwanci, da kuma tsunduma a cikin koyarwa. A Kharkov aviainstitute Zhukovsky ya kasance shugaban sashen na zane na jirgin sama.

A halin da dandani na jirgin sama

Oleg Antonov ya tsaya daga kan bango na da abokan aiki ba kawai saboda ta musamman kwarewa. Wannan mutumin gudanar da wani lokaci ka kamar yadda ya kamata kamar yadda zai yiwu. Zanen da aka fahimce ɓullo da mutum, wanda rayuwarsa kunshi ba kawai na jirgin sama da kuma da yawa cikakken bayani game da wadannan hadaddun inji. Oleg K. kaunace art kuma ko da art nune-nunen shirya a Kiev da Moscow.

Antonov (da jirgin sama, wanda iyali kunshi dangi) ƙaunar m idi, ko da yake ya kullum kokarin zama daga cikin limelight. All kusa da memoirs jaddada ya m tufafin. Idan bai je game da harkokin kasuwanci, Antonov son a fara zance game da wallafe-wallafen ko music. Ya fi so marubuta sun litattafan Gogol da Saint-Exupery. Duk da haka, ko da yaushe aiki da proactive jirgin sama zuwa kula ba kawai ga art. A cikin shekaru 80 Oleg K. ya jagoranci wani gangamin a cikin tsaro na Lake Baikal, wanda aka barazana tare da m gurbatawa. All matasa da suka rayu a cikin shagon, Antonov a tsawon shekaru fiye da kuma mafi godiya yanayi. A gida, ya fara lambu, a baya wanda ya hankali courted.

manufa sana'a

A wani kwararren yanayi, akwai mai yawa jita-jita game da musamman halaye da cewa yana da Antonov Oleg Konstantinovich. Aircraft halin da ban mamaki domin da mulkin demokra] daraja. All rigingimu da tambayoyi game da nan gaba na jirgin sama, ta Ofishin tattauna dukan tawagar a wani wasali yanayin. Akwai lokuta lokacin da Antonov (da jirgin sama, "yara" wanda ya tashi a kan dukan Tarayyar Soviet) shigar da nasu kuskure da kuma yin canje-canje ga aikin, samarwa da ƙasa da.

Oleg K. zauna aiki da kuma aiki har sai da ya karshe kwanaki. Ya ci gaba da aiki, kamar yadda idan babu abin da ya faru, duk da steadily tsufa shekaru. Duk da haka, ko da a cikin shekaru goma na takwas colossus jirgin sama masana'antu zauna ƙwazo da kuma sabo. Ya duba matasa, fiye da shekaru, da kuma girman matsayin yaro.

Great jirgin sama ya mutu a kan Afrilu 4, 1984, a Kiev - cikin birni, wanda ya sadaukar da kusan shekaru 40 da ransa. Shi ne daga wannan wuri an haɗa mafi yawan masu sana'a biography marigayin. Bayan mutuwarsa a Kiev Design ofishin da sauƙi aka sake masa suna cikin Antonov Design ofishin. Yabo gwani alama, a cikin rãyuwar yawa awards. Oleg Antonov aka bayar da Lenin Prize, ya samu kawai uku oda na Lenin, da lakabi na Hero of Socialist Labor, da sauransu. D.