Liberation of Belarus (1944). Great Patriotic War

Bayan Stalingrad da Kursk kumbura hanya na yakin duniya na II karshe an shawo kan, da Red Army fara yaki domin su ƙasar. Relentlessly kusa da karshen yakin duniya na II. Lokacin da Belarus, wani muhimmin mataki a kan hanyar zuwa nasara.

hunturu ƙoƙari

A farko ƙoƙari 'yanto Belarus da aka sanya a cikin hunturu 1944. The m a cikin shugabanci na Vitebsk fara a farkon watan Fabrairu, amma sai aka ba da lashe tare da nasara: ci gaba da wahala, kuma a rabin watanni ya iya delve kawai goma kilomita.

Na Byelorussian Front, sarrafa a Minsk da Bobruisk shugabanci, abubuwa suka tafi a bit mafi alhẽri, amma har yanzu nisa daga m. Ga harin ya fara ko da a baya, a farkon watan Janairu, da kuma riga da 14th aka dauka Mozyr da Kalinkovichi. By farkon spring, Soviet sojojin ketare Dnieper da Nazis lashe 20-25 km yankin.

Saboda haka unhurried gaba na Red Army ba za a iya dauke musamman nasara, don haka a tsakiyar spring High umurnin yanke shawarar jinkirta da m. The sojojin da aka umurce su da su samun wani qafafunku a shagaltar da matsayi da jira mafi sau.

A bambanci ga Belarushiyanci shugabanci, a manyan sikelin-yaƙin neman zaɓe na hunturu da kuma bazara na shekarar 1944 da aka quite nasara: kudancin gefen gaban tsallaka kan iyaka, fadace-fadace da aka yi yãƙi a waje da Tarayyar Soviet. Miyagun abubuwa su tafi a arewacin sashe na gaba: Soviet sojojin sun iya cimma fitarwa na Finnish War. Domin lokacin rani saki na Belarus da aka shirya, da Baltic jamhuriyoyin da kuma Ukraine cikakken inning.

disposition

A gaban line a cikin BSSR yana da alƙibla Tarayyar Soviet baka (protrusion sandan) tsawon 1,100 km. A arewa shi ne iyakance zuwa Vitebsk, a kudu - Pinsk. Ciki da baka, da ake kira Soviet Janar Staff, "da Belarushiyanci tsinkaya", dake da sansani Jamus sojojin - wani rukuni na "Center", ciki har da na uku tanki, 2nd, 4th da 9th Runduna.

A Jamus umurnin ba su matsayi a cikin Belarus na babban dabarun muhimmancin. Su aka umurce ka tsare a halin kaka, don haka kwata 'yanci na Belarus ba cakewalk.

Musamman a cikin bazara na shekarar 1944 da Fuhrer ba tsammani yaki ya bata, kuma ta'azantar da kaina tare da bege, da yin imani da cewa idan da turke for lokaci, hadaka zai fada baya, sa'an nan kuma Tarayyar Soviet sallama, m da dogon yaki.

Bayan jerin m yadda ake gudanar da nazarin halin da ake ciki, da Wehrmacht yanke shawarar jira matsala zarar haka daga Ukraine da kuma Romania: yin amfani da riga kwace ƙasa, da Red Army iya magance wata, kawar da duka, har ma da hana Jamus yana kokarin muhimmanci filayen daga Ploieşti.

Shiryar da wadannan sharudda, da Jamus ja zuwa kudu da babban karfi, jayayya da cewa kwata 'yanci na Belarus ne mai wuya don fara haka nan da nan ba, ba jihar da makiya sojojin kuma da gida yanayi a duk bai yi hari.

mũgun shiri

Tarayyar Soviet a hankali kiyaye a abokin wadannan ƙarya imani. A cikin tsakiyar bangaren gina ƙarya defenses, 3rd Ukrainian Front strenuously kamantuwa da motsi na goma dakaru rarrabu, halitta mafarki cewa sulke raka'a dake da sansani a Ukraine, zama a wuri, yayin da a gaskiya suna da sauri ana garzaya zuwa tsakiyar ɓangare na layin kai hari . Gudanar da yawa fraudulent magudi tsara don ƙarya sanar da abokan gaba, kuma a halin yanzu a cikin tsanani halin asiri da aka shirya wani aiki "Bagration": da kwato Belarus ya ba da nĩsa ba.

Mayu 20 Janar Staff kammala shiryawa da yaƙin neman zaɓe. A sakamakon haka, da Soviet High umurnin tsammanin samun da wadannan manufofin:

• tura mayar da makiya daga Moscow.
• sandan tsakanin kungiyoyin Nazi sojojin da kuma rage musu sadarwa tare da juna;
• don samar da wani tushe don shaida daga m tasirin a kan abokan gaba.

Don ci, da Belarushiyanci m aiki shiri, domin ta sakamako dogara sosai: wata nasara bude hanyar zuwa Warsaw, sabili da haka a birnin Berlin. A gwagwarmayar fuskantar tsanani, saboda a domin cimma burin shi ya zama dole to:

• cin nasara da iko maƙiyi kufaifan tsarin
• tilasta wa manyan koguna.
• zauna dabarun matsayi.
• a cikin mafi guntu line 'yanto daga Nazis Minsk.

A amince da shirin

22 da kuma 23 ga watan Mayu da shirin da aka tattauna tare da sa hannu na Front kwamandojin suka dauki bangare a cikin aiki, kuma a ranar 30 Za ta karshe an amince. A cewar shi, da aka zaci:

• "Perforate" da Jamusanci defenses a shida wuraren, ta amfani da mamaki harin da yajin ikon;
• Halakar da kungiyoyin a Vitebsk da Bobruisk, wanda aiki a matsayin wata irin "fuka-fuki" na Belarushiyanci kunya.
• bayan hutu don matsawa gaba a kan wani dunbin hanya zuwa sama a cikin yanayi kamar yadda manyan abokan sojojin.

A nasara aiwatar da shirin ne a zahiri sa kawo karshen Wehrmacht sojojin a cikin wannan yankin da kuma damar da cikakken 'yanci na Belarus: 1944 aka kamata ya kawo ƙarshen jama'a da azabtarwa hlebnuvshie munin yaki da cikakkiyar.

Major mahalarta a cikin wannan taron

A wata babbar m shiga sojojin Dnieper Flotilla da hudu fronts: 1st Baltic da uku Belarushiyanci.

Yana da wuya a overestimate da babban rawa a aiwatar da ayyukan yaƙin raka'a: tare da su ci gaba da motsi na Belarus kwata 'yanci daga farkisanci invaders yiwuwa zai dauki fiye da lokaci da kuma kokarin. A lokacin da ake kira dogo yaki ƙungiyõyinsu a gabãninsu gudanar ya busa up kusan 150 dubu reluwe. Wannan, ba shakka, ƙwarai dagula rayuwa na invaders, kuma duk da haka har yanzu aka fara karkashin jirgin kasa derailed, suka hallakar da crossings, tashoshin jiragen ruwa sadarwa da kuma yin wasu tsoro diversions. A partisan motsi a Belarus ya fi iko a cikin tarayyar Soviet.

Lokacin da ta ɓullo da "Operation Bagration", musamman wuya a yi ĩmãni da manufa na 1st Belorussian Front karkashin Rokossovsky. A fannin Bobruisk shugabanci sosai yanayi, shi bai ze moriya ga nasara - a cikin wannan girmamawa da high umurnin da daya da kuma sauran gefen shi gaba daya sunyi baki daya. Kuma, lalle ne, kai farmaki ta amfani da tankuna ta hanyar m swamps - matsala, to sa shi mai laushi, da wuya m. Amma da marshal nace da Jamus ba sa ran wani hari a kan wannan gefe, saboda kasancewar Marshes sani ba muni fiye da namu. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa doka ya kamata a tallafi daga nan.

A ma'auni na sojojin

Fronts da hannu a cikin yakin da aka muhimmanci ƙarfafa. A reluwe bai yi aiki ba daga tsoron amma daga lamiri: a cikin shirye-shiryen da aka kwashe dubun na kayan aiki da kuma mutane - duk a yarda da tsanani halin asiri.

Tun da Jamus yanke shawarar tattara ta sojojin a kan kudancin sashe, adawa da Red Army Jamus Army Group "Center" yana da sau da yawa m mutane. Da 36.400 Soviet bindigogi da kuma rokoki - 9500 da 5200 da kuma tankuna kai-propelled bindigogi - 900 tankuna da hari da bindigogi, da 5300 raka'a soja jirgin sama - da kuma 1.350 jirgin sama.

A farkon lokaci na aiki da aka sa a hankali tsare sirri. Har sai da sosai karshe lokacin da Jamus ba su da 'yar alamar ra'ayin game da mai zuwa yaƙi. Za ka iya tunanin abin da wani tashin hankali ya tashi a lokacin da sassafe a kan Yuni 23, "Operation Bagration" ya karshe ya fara.

Mamaki ga Fuhrer

Promotion na fronts da kuma sojojin sun ba uniform. Alal misali, da tasiri da karfi na 1st Baltic (4th Army) bai iya murkushe makiya da daya tsananin sauti mãsu alãma. Gama ranar tiyata ta kasance iya shawo kawai 5 km. Amma da Shida Guards da arba'in da uku sojojin arziki murmushi: suka "wuka," maƙiyi defenses da kuma tafiya Vitebsk daga arewa maso yamma. Jamus da sauri tattara, da barin game da 15 km. A warwarewarsu nan da nan flooded da tankuna na 1st Corps.

3rd Belorussian Front sojojin na 39th kuma 5th sojojin Vitebsk bypassed daga kudu, da wuya lura Luchesa kogin da ya tafi a kan m. Tukunyar jirgi rufe kansa: a ranar farko na aiki, da Jamus da daya kawai damar tserewa da yanayi: dvadtsatikilometrovaya na wani "corridor" nisa, ya short-rayu, da tarko soki rufe a kauyen Ostrovno.

A Orsha shugabanci na Soviet sojoji a farko jiran wani gazawar: Jamus defenses a cikin wannan yanki ya kasance mai karfi, maƙiyi cike take da mugunta da kuma competently kare da harka. Kokarin yantar da Orsha aka sanya a cikin watan Janairu da ya gaza. A cikin hunturu, da yaƙi da aka rasa, amma ba rasa yaki: "Operation Bagration" ya fita ba dakin gazawar.

11-th da kuma 31-th sojojin ciyar dukan yini fita, don samun zuwa na biyu layi na Jamus tsaron gida. A halin yanzu, 5th Panzer Army aka jiran a fuka-fuki: a yanayin saukan wani cin nasara nasara a Orsha shugabanci shi ya bude hanyar Minsk.

2nd Belorussian Front smoothly da kuma nasarar inganta a kan Mogilev. By karshen rana ta farko na yãƙi a cikin yaƙin neman zaɓe a kan bankunan na Dnieper gudanar ya kama mai kyau qafafunku.

24 ga watan Yuni aiki don 'yantar Belarus da kuma fara for 1st Belorussian Front, wanda ya dauki sama da kansa fama manufa: motsa a cikin shugabanci na Bobruisk. Sa'an nan fatan wani mamaki kai hari materialize a cika: har yanzu, a kan wannan gefe na Jamusawa ba su sa ran matsala. su tsaron line aka warwatse da kuma 'yan.

A Parichi yankin kadai yajin kungiyar m 20 km - a cikin warwarewarsu nan da nan crawled tankuna na farko Guards Corps. A Jamus an bãyar da bãya zuwa Bobruisk. Bi su, da avant-garde ya bayyana Yuni 25 a wajen birnin na.

A cikin hali na Rogachev gundumar farko halin da ake ciki ba haka ba ne Rosy: makiya na nacewa tsayayya, amma a lokacin da shugabanci na duka da aka ƙi da arewa, abubuwa samu fun. A rana ta uku bayan da farkon ayyukan na Soviet Jamusawa gane shi lokacin da ya tsere, amma latti: Soviet tankuna sun riga zurfi a cikin makiya raya. Yuni 27 tarko rufe. An juya ta zama fiye da shida ƙungiyoyin da abokan gaba, wanda biyu kwanaki aka gaba daya hallaka ta hanyar.

nasarar

A farko da aka sosai m. Yuni 26, da Red Army 'yanci Vitebsk, 27, bayan zafin fada da Nazis har yanzu bar Orsha, 28, Soviet tankuna sun riga a Borisov, wanda ya iya gaba daya tsabta da Yuli 1st.

Kusa Minsk, Vitebsk da Bobruisk aka kashe 30, maƙiyi rarrabuwa. 12 kwanaki bayan da farkon aiki, Soviet sojojin sun ci gaba 225-280 km, daya jerk BREAKING rabin na Belarus.

Irin wannan ci gaba na abubuwan da suka faru Wehrmacht ba shirya, kuma da umurnin kai tsaye zuwa cikin rukunin "Center" sojojin kuna aikin da tsare kuskure. lokaci kudi tafiya for hours, da kuma wani lokacin - a cikin minti. A farko, shi ne har yanzu yiwu a kauce wa encirclement, da fatar da baya a lokacin da kogin. Berezina da kuma samar da nan wani sabon line na tsaro. Abu ne mai wuya a wannan yanayin da kwato Belarus da zai faru a watanni biyu. Amma Field Marshal W. Bush ya ba da umurni a kan lokaci. Ko da bangaskiya a cikin rashin kuskuren soja lissafin, Hitler ya haka da karfi, da cewa akwai ya underestimated ikon abokan gaba, amma shi mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wadannan umarni na Hitler "kare Belarushiyanci protrusion a wani kudin" da hasãra dakarun shi. 40 dubu sojoji da jami'an, kazalika da 11 German generals wanda shagaltar da babban matsayin da, aka dauka fursuna. A sakamakon haka ne, frankly, m.

Gigice da nasarorin da abokan gaba, da Jamus suka fara feverishly to gyara halin da ake ciki: Bush da aka hambarar a Belarus ya fara ja ƙarin sadarwa. Ganin Trend, da Soviet umurnin bukata gaggãwa da kai Minsk ba daga baya fiye da Yuli 8th. A shirin da aka wuce 3 na babban birnin na Jamhuriyar An saki, da kuma babban karfi na Jamus (105 dubu sojoji da jami'an) gabas da birnin - kewaye. A karshe kasar zuwa wanda da yawa daga cikinsu sun gani a rayuwata, ya zama Belarus. 1944 tattara su na jini girbi :. 70 dubu an kashe mutane da kuma game da 35 dubu da auku a cikin tituna na yaba da Soviet babban birnin kasar .. maƙiyi gaban gaped rents kafa wata babbar 400-kilometer rata kasance kõme ba zuwa liquidate. Jamus gudu.

Biyu mataki aiki

"Operation Bagration" kunshi biyu, saukarwa. A farko ya fara a ranar 23 ga watan Yuni. A wannan lokaci, ya wajaba ya karya ta hanyar makiya dabarun gaban, flanking karfi ya hallaka Belarushiyanci kunya. fronts buga da aka hankali dunbin, mayar da hankali a daya batu a kan taswira. Bayan nasarar da matsala ya canza: ya zama dole gaggawa tabbatar da bin abokan gaba da kuma karya tsawo Lines. Yuli 4 Gaba Staff da Tarayyar Soviet canza ainihin shirin, haka kammala rukunin farko na yakin neman zabe.

Maimakon na dunbin diverging hanyoyi gaba ga: 1st Baltic Front koma zuwa ga Shawul, 3rd Belarus zai 'yantar Vilnius da Lido, 2nd Belorusski gaba ga Navahradak, Grodno da Belostok. Rokossovsky tafi a cikin shugabanci na Baranovichi da Brest, da kuma gama karshe, na zo ne in Lublin.

Na biyu lokaci na aiki "Bagration" ya fara a ranar 5 ga watan Yuli. Soviet sojojin suke ci gaba da m gaba. By tsakiyar bazara vanguards fronts fara tilasta wa Neman. Major bridgeheads aka kãmã su, kuma a kan Vistula River. Narev. Yuli 16th Red Army sun shagaltar da Grodno da kuma 28 - Brest.

29 ga watan Agusta aiki da aka kammala. Upcoming sabon matakai zuwa nasara.

A dabarun muhimmancin

A ikon yinsa "Bagration" shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma da dabarun m yakin. Total kwata 'yanci na Belarus da aka gudanar a gare 68 kwanaki. 1944, a gaskiya, ya sa an kawo karshen zama na kasa. Aka partially kwace da yankin Baltic States, Soviet sojojin tsallaka kan iyaka da kuma shagaltar da wani ɓangare na Poland.

A kashi na iko rukuni na sojojin "Center" Ya mai girma soja da kuma dabarun nasara. An hallaka 3 brigades da 17 ƙungiyoyin abokin gaba. 50 ƙungiyoyin rasa fiye da rabi daga membobinta. Soviet sojojin isa Gabas Prussia - overarching Jamus outpost.

Yana da gudummawar da nasara sakamako na aiki m, a wasu kwatance, kazalika da bude daga cikin biyu gaban.

A lokacin da Jamus ayyukan amounted zuwa asarar kimanin rabin miliyan mutane (kashe, rauni da fursunoni). Tarayyar Soviet kuma sha wahala da tsanani hasarori da kuma adadin 765 815 mutane (178,507 aka kashe shi, 587.308 rauni). Soviet sojoji nuna al'ajibai na heroism domin sanya kwata 'yanci na Belarus. Shekara na aiki, duk da haka, kamar yadda dukan zamanin da yakin duniya na biyu ya zama lokaci ne na gaskiya kasa rabo. A jamhuriyar yana da wani jam'i na memorials kuma Monuments. A 21st kilometer na Moscow karauka gina da tudun Girma. Monument crowning tudun wakiltar hudu bayoneti NUNA hudu gaban wanda za'ayi a yaƙin neman zaɓe.

A darajar wannan gida nasara da aka haka mai girma, cewa Soviet gwamnati da aka je kafa lambar yabo domin kwata 'yanci na Belarus, amma sai shi bai faru. Wasu almara awards aka adana a cikin Minsk Museum of Great Patriotic War tarihi.