Abin da ya kuɓutar da balaguro icebreaker Umberto Nobile? Umberto Nobile: na biyu na iyakacin duniya balaguro

Kwanan nan, a ajiye motoci a kan waterfront su. Lieutenant Schmidt a St. Petersburg, gaba daya gyara, shi ne mayar da almara icebreaker "Krasin". Wannan taron tilasta tuna daya daga cikin daraja shafukan a cikin tarihi na Rasha jiragen ruwa. Bayan fiye da shekaru 80 da suka wuce, da balaguro aka ajiye Umberto Nobile, tsira membobin wani iyakacin duniya bauta kawo shi "Krasin", wanda a wancan lokaci umarta ta Captain Karl Eggi kuma sanannen iyakacin duniya Explorer R. Samoylovich.

Umberto Nobile: aiki farko

A nan gaba shahara m dirizhablestroitel aka haife a garin Lauro a Italiya. Bayan kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Neapolitan sana'a "Banana & Engineering", ya fara aiki a filin na Railway kai, da kuma a 1911 ya sa suna a cikin School of Aeronautics. 7 Bayan shekara Nobile da takwarorinsa Benedetto Croce da Dzhuzeppe Valle fara nasa kamfanin domin samar da airships. A farko na kudirin sabon kamfani ya kasance mai nasara, kuma aeronautic inji T-34 da aka saya da Italian sojojin.

A farko iyakacin duniya balaguro

A shekarar 1923, na yi wani sabon jirgin sama N-1, wanda, bayan da gwajin da ake kira "Norway" da kuma aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga iyakacin duniya expeditions na Amundsen da Ellsworth aka fara. Kuma ka umurci jirgin da yardar ransa Umberto Nobile, wanda ya dade da mafarkin na ci na da Arewa iyakacin duniya.

Fara na balaguro aka bai wa a Roma, kuma nesa hanya shige da Tashoshi a birane Pulham, Oslo, Birnin Leningrad, Vadsø da Svalbard. A safiyar 11 ga watan Mayu, 1926 da airship dauki kashe a cikin shugabanci na Arewa iyakacin duniya da kuma kai shi dare a ranar 12 ga watan Mayu. Provis awa 2.5 a kan shi, da jirgin sa ze tashi a cikin shugabanci na Alaska, inda ya aka tsince wani Italian jirgin. A labarai na ci na iyakacin duniya sa jubilation a Italiya da kuma Mussolini sanya ta Umberto Nobile a general. A wannan farkisanci farfaganda a kowace hanya don downplay rawar da Amundsen.

Nobile Umberto: na biyu na iyakacin duniya balaguro

airship "Italia" da aka gina a 1928, inda daga Milan zuwa Svalbard tashi a jirgin na 18 mutane, mafi yawa Italiya. Bugu da kari, da Kongsfjord Bay aika da jirgin "Citta di Milano", wanda ya kamata ya zama a matsayin iyo tushe ga Arewa iyakacin duniya explorers. Wannan sabon, manyan-sikelin balaguro na Umberto Nobile aka ɗauki cikinsa a matsayin irin fansa. Ganin cewa ya so ya tabbatar da cewa muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da karshe tafiya mallakar shi - da zanen da master na jirgin ruwa, da kuma ba Amundsen, wanda shi ne shugaban kungiyar. tafiya bayani sun bisani aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki, a cikin littafin Nobile Umberto "fikafikansa a kan iyakacin duniya", wanda ya zama wani bestseller. Duk da haka, wasu masana jayayya da cewa ba duk da hujjojin da ba akwai gaskiya. A cikin wani hali, duk da wuya da yanayi, da airship da 16 ma'aikatan jirgin isa wurinta a cikin dare daga 23 zuwa 24 May 1928 da kika aika da giciye da tutar Italiya.

A bala'i a cikin Arctic

Domin da yawa shekarun da suka gabata, ainihi daga Umberto Nobile da kuma mutuwar "Italy" ne ban sha'awa, kamar yadda shi ne har yanzu m makomar wasu daga cikin ma'aikatan jirgin. Bugu da kari, ba subsiding shawara a kan hali na sarki na balaguro a lokacin da fitarwa.

Saboda haka abin da ake abubuwan da suka faru ya faru a cikin Arctic a lokacin daga marigayi May zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuli 1928? Don amsa wannan tambaya, ya kamata ka familiarize kanka tare da facts gabatar da mahalarta wannan tafiya.

Saboda haka, ya lashe iyakacin duniya, da airship "Italia", koma da baya tare da m iska, wanda aka busa zuwa gare su. A 'yan sa'o'i daga baya, jirgin saman garin kankara da kuma fadi a kan kankara. A wannan karye motor gondola, ya rasu Minder, 9 ma'aikatan jirgin, ciki har da shugaban, da aka jefa a kan kankara, da kuma mutane shida suka rage a cikin airship, iska kwashe a wani unknown shugabanci.

Iyakacin duniya Odyssey "Italy" umurni

Suna daga cikin garin kankara jeji, 10 'yan ƙungiya fara gwagwarmayar rayuwa a cikin matsananci yanayi na Arctic. Abin farin, sun kasance iya ajiye wasu abinci da kuma kayan aiki, da kuma mafi muhimmanci - su juya a kira su da wani tashar rediyo da alfarwa. Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, tsakanin tsira sãɓa wa jũna. A sakamakon su Swedish meteorologist Finn Malmgren, kazalika da Italiya A. Mariano da kuma F. Zappa bar sansanin.

A rabo daga cikin kungiyar Malmgren

Hit da hanya May 30, uku mambobi daga cikin tawagar da aka fatan samun zuwa tashar a kan tudu na bay Kongsfjord a kan Spitsbergen. Akwai su da aka je bayar da rahoton game da hadarin "Italy" da kuma samun da baya tare da ma'aikatan ceto ga 'yan'uwansu. Duk da haka, makonni biyu baya hanyar Malmgren, wanda hannu da aka karya bayan faduwar airship ya haka tikis cewa ya tambaye gwarazansa ci gaba da tafiya ba tare da shi. Sun yi haka, kuma kusan wata daya daga bisani, a kan Yuli 12 da suka samu Chukhnovsky Soviet pilot, wanda ya daga waɗanda aika zuwa cece Nobile balaguro.

Rayuwa a gaggawa sansanin tsira daga "Italy"

Kamar yadda aka ce, da farin ciki daidaituwa, a lokacin fall na airship kika aika dama jaka, don haka cike da hushi sun 4-mutumin tanti, wani barci jakar, da yawa daga abinci, ciki har da 71 kg na pemmican da 41 kg na cakulan, kazalika da sextant, wani bindiga da harsashi 3 chronometer da kuma gajeren zango na tashar radio madadin. Bugu da kari, 'yan kwanaki kafin ya tashi Malmgren ya iya harba da beyar, da kuma mutane a sansanin wasu hannun jari na bear.

A lokaci guda, da rediyo sadarwarka Biaggi farko, shi ba zai yiwu kafa lamba tare da "Citta di Milano", kuma daga baya canjawa wuri su ga sakonni da aka ba gano, kuma sũ, kawai watsi. Duk da haka, wannan jirgin har yanzu ya fita a agazawa da balaguro Nobile Umberto, amma tun da ainihin lura na wurin da, "The Red alfarwa" daga sansanin, kamar yadda aka kira sa'an nan, aka ba su sani ba, da search ne a banza.

Cũta

Yuni 3rd, Nikolai Schmidt, rediyo mai son daga Arewa Dvina Governorate, kama a da mai karɓar sigina Biaggi tashar da ya ruwaito wannan ta sakon waya zuwa Moscow. Nan da nan Aid kwamitin da aka kafa ƙungiya "Italy", wanda aka karkashin jagorancin Iosif Unshliht, da kuma a kan Yuni 4 bayanai da cewa Umberto Nobile da kuma na daga cikin tawagar da rai, mika wa Italian gwamnati. Saboda haka, 8 Yuni, an kafa tsakanin radio "Citta di Milano" da kuma rediyo sadarwarka "Italy", wanda ya ba da ainihin tsarawa daga cikin sansanin.

a samu nasara

Yau, tambaya na abin da wani icebreaker balaguro ajiye Umberto Nobile, yawancin mutane sha'awar a tarihin na Rasha jiragen ruwa, zai gaya maka cewa shi ne icebreaker "Krasin". Amma a gaskiya, don taimaka wa ma'aikatan "Italy" aka kuma aika zuwa ga Soviet icebreaker "Malygin" da kuma a cikin na farko kwanaki bayan da bala'i wuya da hannu bincike na Norwegian whaling jirgin "Braganza" da "Hobby", chartered da gwamnatin Italiya.

Bugu da kari, Roald Amundsen, wanda shekaru da dama sun kasance fiye da wani tataccen dangantaka da Nobile, kuma ya manta duk laifukan, daga farko kwanaki bayan da bala'i ya zama da hannu a kiwon kudi ga kungiyar na aikin ceto. A karshe, a kan Yuni 18, ya tashi a kan jirgin sama "Latham-47" tare da dakarun Faransa ma'aikatan jirgin a kan Svalbard, amma ba isa su makõma. Abin da ya faru - kuma shi ba a san da wannan rana a matsayin kungiyar suka tafi a search na Amundsen ta Norwegian soja samu da taso kan ruwa da kuma wani komai a gas tank.

Ofishin Jakadancin Einar Lundborg

Mafi muhimmanci, abin da aka kuwa ɗaukaka a lokacin tsakanin biyu a duniya yaƙe-yaƙe, da icebreaker "Krasin" (Fe 1928) - Nobile ceto balaguro. Duk da haka, da Janar kansa a lokacin da aka ba a kan jirgin. Gaskiyar cewa a ranar 23 ga watan Yuni, Swedish soja matukin Einar Lundborg kawo shi tare da kare Tina da Swedish airbase. Wannan mataki kwamandan, wanda ya yi watsi da na ƙasa da, sa'an nan sau da yawa zargi Nobile, amma, bisa ga mambobin na balaguro sun Lundborg aka umurce su da su dauki fita kawai general.

ƙungiya ceto "Italy"

Duk abin da ya, a kan Yuni 23 "Krasin" tafi sansanin na Bergen a wuya. A kan jirgin da icebreaker wani jirgin saman, kore ta Boris Chukhnovsky. Shi ya gano Mariano da Zapp, kamar yadda ya ruwaito ta hanyar rediyo umurnin "Krasin". Duk da haka, a lokacin gaggawa saukowa a kan kankara na jirgin sama lalace shasi da ya bai iya kai kara bangare a cikin balaguro zuwa agazawa da "Italian".

Yuli 12 icebreaker dauki Mariano da Zapp, da kuma da yamma a wannan rana, da kuma biyar sauran mambobi na biyu na iyakacin duniya balaguro na Umberto Nobile. Sa'an nan kuma aka canjawa wuri zuwa "Citta di Milano" da kuma damar zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Narvik, koma zuwa Italiya ta jirgin kasa.

Umberto Nobile da kuma mutuwar "Italy": tarihi da labari

Saboda haka, daga na biyu na iyakacin duniya balaguro a kan airship baya rayuwa kawai 8 mutane. Bugu da kari, mutuwa, da kuma mutane da dama da suka tsunduma a bincike da kuma ceto na membobinta, ciki har da ma'aikatan jirgin da Italiyanci da kuma sojojin Faransa karkashin jagorancin Amundsen. Shi ne ba abin mamaki bane cewa a kan lokaci da Odyssey ƙungiya "Italy" ya samu da yawa Legends, amma ba wanda ya taɓa ƙoƙarin tambayi abin da wani icebreaker balaguro ajiye Umberto Nobile.

A musamman, shi ya ba da shawara cewa CAF iya ciyar a kan ragowar Malmgren, kamar yadda a lokacin ceto da shi shi ne Swede da tufafi, da ya duba mafi gaisuwa da kuma cike da makamashi fiye da abõkinsa a masĩfa - Mariano. Wani labari shi ne cewa game da minti 20 bayan faduwar airship "Italy" tsira da ma'aikatan jirgin gani a gabas shafi na hayaki. A daya version of irin wannan hanyar a kan sauran shida jirgin sama zai iya neman taimako. A ta tabbatarwa ba da wadannan dalilai: da hayaki ba zai iya zama daga cikin wuta a kan airship, kamar yadda akwai quite mai yawa fetur da kuma hydrogen, da kuma harshen wuta sa'ĩr da yawa karfi.

"The Red alfarwa"

Yanzu da ka san abin da irin wani icebreaker balaguro ajiye Umberto Nobile da kuma wasu bayanai game da abubuwan da suka faru ba wadda ta gabãta wannan. Daga bisani, mafi yawansu ba su kafa tushen ga rubutun na movie "The Red alfarwa". Wannan fim, harbe a 1969, shi ne musamman a cikin gagarumi duniya simintin abun da ke ciki. Isar da shi a ce da darektan Mikhail Kalatozov gayyace Peter Finch, Shona Konneri, Claudia Cardinale, Edward Martsevich, Nikita Mikhalkov, Yuri Vizbora da Borisa Hmelnitskogo. Yi imani da ni, da movie da daraja a duba shi.

Yau "Krasin" ya kõma zuwa ga aikinsu da jirgin-gidan kayan gargajiya, da waɗanda suke da sha'awar, kazalika da wasu icebreaker ajiye Umberto Nobile balaguro iya ziyarci da kuma koyi abubuwa da yawa na ban sha'awa abubuwa game da baya daga cikin girmama tsohon soja na Rasha Navy.