Samuwar, Labarin
Andropov Yuriy Vladimirovich. Andropov ta manufofin. Andropov - Biography. shugaban Tarayyar Soviet
A wannan lokacin ya kasance tashar jiragen ruwa a cikin tsarin mulki a jihar. Ya kasance dan siyasa mai tsufa: a shekarunsa 69 ya sami iko mai girma. Don kwatanta, JV Stalin yana da shekaru 42 da haihuwa, NS Khrushchev 59, da Leonid Brezhnev 57. Kamar yadda muka gani, dukan magatakarda na gaba na SSS sunyi iko a hannun su, suna da matukar ƙarami. Mene ne wannan yake nufi? Zai yiwu, cewa wannan mutum ya yi tsayi sosai ga burinsa. Saboda haka, lokacin da lokaci ya zo, sai ya dauki iko kawai kamar yadda aka karbi apple. Hakika, gaskiyar rinjayarsa mafi rinjaye a kan mafi girma jihar da kuma jam'iyyun jam'iyyun ba'a jayayya da kowa. Ba kamar shugabannin da suka gabata, babu wani Andropov da ya gabatar ba, ya yi shi kansa.
Real biography na yara da matasa
Yana da wuya a rubuta game da rayuwar mutumin da ke da tarihin mutum guda biyu - hukuma da ainihin. A cikin rayuwar Yuri Vladimirovich, lamba 15 tana da maimaitawa: a ranar haihuwar - Yuni 15, 1915; A cikin haihuwar haihuwa - Yuni 15, 1914; Shekaru 15 ya jagoranci KGB, yana samar da sassa 15 a can kuma a karshe - watanni 15 na mulkin kasar. A bayyane yake cewa duk sakatariyar ISSR suna da asirin su, duk da haka, a cewar masana tarihi, Yuri Andropov yana da mafi yawan su fiye da sauran. Saboda haka, za mu yi aiki tare da bincike (S. Chertoprud, "Yu da Andropov: asirin shugaban KGB") da kuma kokarin fahimtar wani abu daga rayuwar mutum wanda (saboda idanunsa) abokan aiki a cikin KGB sun kira "shugaban" da kuma "jeweler".
Bari mu fara tare da ainihin bayyane. Farfesa na farko na Yahudawa na sakatare janar ne "wanda aka rubuta" ta hanyar jarida Mark Steinberg. An kira sunan mahaifin Velv Lieberman, sunan uwar kuma shi ne Genia Fleckenstein. An haifi dan siyasar nan gaba a wani gidan kaso na hudu na Moscow, kuma a yau ya tashi a karkashin No. 26 a kan titi. Babban Lubyanka. Mahaifinsa, wanda ke cikin kasuwancin kayan ado, ake kira Karl Franzevich Fleckenstein. A gidansa kuma an haife shi Grigory Valvovich Lieberman (daga baya - Andropov Yuri Vladimirovich). Kafin 1913, Mama ta koyar da kide-kide a filin wasan gymnasium na Mizbakh don mata. Daga nan, a 1917, mahaifiyar da dansa sun sami kansu a wani sabon wuri - tashar Nagutskaya Stavropol. Mene ne dalilin wannan? Magroms a cikin babban birnin kasar. A shekara ta 1915, magoyacin, wanda ma'aikata na Tsindelya da Shrader suka fara, sun dauki ran kakansa.
Kuma uwarsa (ɗan yaro ne har yanzu) a lokacin da ya isa sabon wurin zama ya canza rayuwarta. A nan ya auri Vladimir Andropov, wani ma'aikacin jirgin kasa. Mijinta ya mutu bayan shekaru biyu, m da typhus. A wannan shekarar Yevgenia Andropova ta auri wani dan wasan jirgin kasa - Viktor Aleksandrovich Fedorov.
A ƙarshen shirin shekaru bakwai na makomar, mai suna Grigory Vladimirovich Andropov-Fedorov ya kira dan siyasa. Kamar yadda sunan Gregory ya juya zuwa Yuri, kuma kashi na biyu na sunan mai suna ya ɓace, ya zama asiri.
The Legend
Mai wallafa rahotanni mai shekaru 18 daga Mozdok Yuri Andropov ya rubuta labarinsa na tarihin Stavropol proletariat don shiga makarantar fasahar Rybinsk. A wancan lokacin, mahaifiyarsa ta mutu (ko watakila ba, domin a cikin takardun daban-daban, Yuri ya sanya kwanakin jituwa: 1929, 1930, 1931). Ya sauya bayanan tarihin zuwa "yan gurguzu", ba tare da barin "burbushin bourgeois" ba. A cikin jawabinsa, an haife shi a ranar 15.06.1914 a cikin yankin Stavropol, mahaifiyarsa ta kasance mai tasowa, wadda aka haifa a cikin iyalin mai tsaron gidan (canza aikin kakanta), da kuma mahaifinsa - Andropov Vladimir (Har ila yau, matsalar, mahaifiyata ba ta iya koyar da wake-wake ba a shekarar 1914-1916 Shekarun da suka gabata a Moscow, kuma sun haifa kuma sun haifa ɗa a cikin yankin Stavropol).
Nazarin a makarantar fasaha
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar fasaha a 1936, ya zauna a ciki don aiki a matsayin sakatare na Komsomol. Bukatar yin iyo ta wurin jirgin ruwa ba ya nan. Bari mu lura cewa ilimi na sakandare na biyu shi ne ainihin ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da ake gudanarwa a nan gaba. Ba za a iya kiran aikin horo a Jami'ar Petrozavodsk ba. Babban makarantar jam'iyyar, wadda aka ƙare a matsayin masu aiki na jam'iyya, duk sakatariyar ISSR, bai ba da "ɓawon burodi kawai" ba. Bugu da ƙari, wannan makarantar ta ƙare a al'ada a cikin bazuwa kuma ba tare da gwaji ba.
Yaron ya kara aikinsa a matsayin shugaban Komsomol. Ba da daɗewa ba, a 1937, an tura shi zuwa Rybinsk Shipyard da Komsomol, sannan kuma a Komsomol na Yankin Yaroslavl.
Jam'iyyar da Komsomol
Duk da haka, a kan wannan batu, an gudanar da kundin tsarin siyasa a dukkanin labarun Soviet: daga masu sauraro zuwa yanki. Andropov Yuri Vladimirovich tare da sha'awar sha'awar ya karbi "sabon kasuwancin", yanayin da ya dace da lokacin da ya ci nasara. Bisa ga shaidar marubucin Sergei Viktorovich Chertoprud, wanda ya yi aiki tare da takardun ajiya, yaron ya fara "ganowa" cewa dukan mambobi ne na kwamiti na kwamitin yanki (tare da sakataren sakatare) abokan gaba ne. An tsare su a kurkuku. Me yasa kuke tunani? Duk da haka, sakataren farko "ya samu" har ma da sifa - an harbe shi.
Ta yaya aikin Yuri Komsomol ya ci gaba a wannan lokaci? Yadda za a yisti.
- 05.1937 - dan takarar CPSU (b);
- 09.1937 - Shugaban Sashen. Ma'aikatar Pioneer da Makarantar Makarantun Kwamitin Kinsomol na Rybinsk City;
- 10.1937 - canjawa wuri zuwa kwamitin Yankin Yaroslavl;
- 11.1937 - aiki. Sakatare na III na kwamitin yanki na Yaroslavl;
- 12.1938 - Sakatare na farko na kwamitin yanki na Yaroslavl; Ka lura cewa saduwa da mutumin da ba shi da kwarewar kwarewa (a bayyane yake, wasu abubuwan da aka cancanci);
- 02.1939 - shigar da shi zuwa ga jam'iyyar.
Na farko aure
"Ragewa" a aikin Komsomol, Yuri Andropov ya yi digiri a makarantar Kimiyya ta Rybinsk Engalyacheva Nina Ivanovna. Ta daga dangin ma'aikatan ma'aikata ne, mahaifinta shi ne darekta na reshen jihar. Matashi biyu suna da 'ya'ya biyu: a 1937' yar Valeria, kuma a 1939 - dan Volodya. Matarsa tana karatu a Leningrad saboda wani mai bincike kuma ya ƙi zuwa tare da mijinta zuwa Karelia, inda aka tura shi zuwa aikin Komsomol. Gidan ya rushe.
Aikin Karelian
An aika wani matashi mai karfi a 1940 zuwa Karelian-Finnish SSR da aka kafa a shekara guda a matsayin Sakataren Sakataren Jam'iyyar Komsomol. A cikin 1940 sai ya saki Engalycheva kuma yayi aure Tatyana Filippovna Lebedeva. Ya ƙaunar wannan mata.
Bisa ga official version of Yuri Andropov jagoranci ƙungiyõyinsu a gabãninsu daga Karelia, ga wanda a cikin 1944 aka bayar da Order of Red Banner. Ko wannan gaskiyar gaskiya ba a sani ba, saboda muna aiki ne da ƙwararren ƙwararru.
Saboda haka za mu amince da takardu. Bugu da ƙari, akwai alamar: ba zina "For Victory in War II" ko kuma lambar "For the Liberation of Karelia", kyautar jerin da aka kasance shugabanni a tsaye, Yuri Vladimirovich ba su da.
Ba wani asiri ba ne a cikin Karelia da Andropov, Sakatare na farko na Karelian Komsomol, babban sakataren kwamitin karamar hukumar Karelian G.N. Kupriyanov bai yarda ba. A cikin takardunsa, yana zargin Yuri Vladimirovich na matsala, "squint". Daga cikin kalmominsa, shugaban Komsomol ya jagoranci kullun ya aika da mutane zuwa ga mayakan, amma shi da kansa yana jin tsoron tashin hankali (IA Minutko "Yuri Andropov ..."). Wannan shi ne "heroism".
Bugu da ƙari, daga bisani ya yi nasara da duka Kupriyanov da kansa da kuma wasu ma'aikatan karkashin kasa wadanda suka yi aiki a bayyane a karkashin sassan abokan gaba, wato "Komsomolets" da Andropov. Rahotanni game da wani mutum wanda ya yi aiki na shekaru 10 a matsayin mataimakin Leningrad Kupriyanov kuma ya zargi magoya bayan aikata laifin da ba a taba samunsa ba, ya nuna cewa wani ya tashi a cikin aikin. Ya ji girman girman tunaninsa: Malenkov da Beria suna cire manajoji wanda zasu iya yin gwagwarmaya tare da su don gwagwarmayar wutar lantarki a yankin Leningrad.
Ya kamata in ambaci cewa Yuri Vladimirovich ya dauki mukamin sakatare na kwamitin yanki? Gennady Kupriyanov yayi shekaru 10, sa'an nan, bayan ya fito, sai ya juya zuwa NS Khrushchev da Leonid Brezhnev, yana shaida game da matsayin Andropov a makomarsa. An sake dawo da shi a matsayin babban rukuni, amma kuma ba a shafe Andropov ba.
Tasirin diflomasiyya
Mutuwar Stalin da Beria, abokansa, sun kasance kamar shi ƙarshen duniya kuma suna tilasta majeure, basu sa ran irin abubuwan da Andropov suke yi ba. Ba labari ba ne labarinsa ba, barazanar jarrabawar gwagwarmaya na Karelian da Yaroslavl a cikin aikin. Duk da haka, taimaka duk wannan ya zo - a cikin mutumin Otto Kuusinen, shugaban jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Karelian-Finnish SSR. Ya ba da shawarar Andropov ga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje - don aikin diplomasiyya a Hungary.
Bayan zuwansa, jakadan na sabuwar kullun zai gano cewa a cikin shekarar 1956 wata ƙungiyar 'yan tawaye ta kasa ta fara ne a wannan kasa, wanda ya zama babban tayar da hankali. Ma'aikatar diflomasiyya Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich, ta yarda da kansa a kan hanyar da ta fi dacewa wajen kawar da wannan motsi. Yawan tarihi ya alama ne da sababbin Jesuits. Musamman ma, ya ci gaba da yaudarar gwamnatin Imre Nagy, yana tabbatar da cewa Amurka tana sha'awar dimokuradiya Hungary. Don haka, mai ba da shawarwari mai ban tsoro ya janye hankalinsa daga ainihin mamaye sojojin Soviet da kuma samar da ikon gwamnatin Janos Kador. Kuma lokacin da Imre Nagy ya bace daga sojan Soviet a ofishin jakadancin Yugoslav, Andropov ya "yi alkawarin taimaka masa ta hanyar sanarwa" don barin iyakokin kasar, sa'an nan kuma ya mika shi a cikin jinin jini don harbi. Har ila yau, ya ba da sojojin soja na Hungary, a sansanin soja, na {asar Amirka, suna kiran su su bar yankin da kuma ba su "kyakkyawan maganganu" wanda ba za a taɓa shi ba. Hakazalika, da murmushi, ya ci amanar daya daga cikin masu shirya taron, shugaban 'yan sandan, Shandor Kopachi.
Bayan kammala aikin a Hungary, Andropov ya zauna har shekara guda a wannan kasa a matsayin gwamnan Soviet, inda ya jagoranci tashar karshe na 'yan ta'adda.
Hungary har yanzu yana tunawa da "diflomasiyyar jini".
Babban kwamitin na CPSU
Bayan Hungary, a watan Maris 1957, da bukatar NS Khrushchev, sabon shugaban sashen, Andropov Yuri Vladimirovich, ya fara aiki a kwamitin tsakiya na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis. Tarihi ya sake danganta shi tare da iko mafi girma, yana ba da jinƙai don hulɗar da ta gabata tare da Beria. Bayan shekaru hudu, a 1961, ya zama memba na kwamitin tsakiya. Wani dan takara mai rawar gani yana da alamar bangare na jam'iyyar Leonid Brezhnev kuma ya shiga cikin watsi da Janar Sakatare Khrushchev a shekarar 1964. Don godiya ga sabis, Leonid Ilyich ya nada shi shugaban KGB.
Bari mu ɗanɗana shiga cikin halin sabon shugaban KGB. Andropov yana so ya nuna ikonsa. Bari mu ba da misali: bayanin kula da babban kwamiti a ranar 25 ga Disamba, 1970. Yuri Vladimirovich ya nuna damuwa game da ƙara yawan haruffa daga kasashen waje dangane da Sabuwar Shekara zuwa NS Khrushchev, kuma yayi shawarar kawo iyakacin wannan. Me yasa yake yin haka? Amsa: Tsohon sakatare na kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU Khrushchev, lokacin la'akari da yanke shawara na ma'aikata, bai gabatar da Andropov ba sau ɗaya, yana maida martani akan rashin tsarin kungiyar tattalin arziki ko aikin gudanarwa daga karshen.
KGB
Shekaru 15, a lokacin da Andropov ke kula da kwamitin tsaro na kasa, yana da daraja a faɗi. Bari mu gina mu muhawara game da shaidawar masu gani. Memba na siyasa na Vadim Andreevich Medvedev ya tuna cewa a tarurrukan Andropov, don jin daɗin Leonid Ilyich, ya hana wadanda ke cikin wannan sanarwa daga ra'ayinsa. Babban sakataren kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU Leonid Brezhnev ya dogara ne da yawancin mutun a kan gwargwadon fata, shugaban KGB.
A karkashin jagorancin wannan sashen, gwagwarmaya da "abubuwan Soviet" ya zama mafi mahimmanci a bangaren Andropov. Ayyukan da aka yi a hankali sunyi jita-jita cewa na'urori masu kariya na KGB sune wani yanayi na zamanin. Sashe na 15 na wannan sashen a duk wuraren da ya dace sun rinjayi mutane da kuma ra'ayi na jama'a (sun kasance dole ne su inganta kowace hukuma).
Andropov san yadda aka yi amfani da shi - magani a asibiti. Daga masu gaskiya, masu tunani, masu adawa da gwargwadon ra'ayi, ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya-sun yi "kayan lambu". Kuma an sanya shi a kan maƙerin. An sanya matakan da suka shafi matakan cigaba: Lenkom, Theater on Taganka, mujallu "New World", "Matasa". Wasu lokuta akwai gwagwarmayar rashin gaskiya tare da wadanda suka ƙi, wanda ya samo siffofin manya. Bisa ga shaidar VV Fedorov, wanda ke da babban matsayi a cikin KGB, Andropov ya ba da rahoton yadda ya kamata a kan yadda za a kama shi.
Tsarin da ya ɓoye ga jama'a da kuma ikon kwakwalwa na jihar ikon Andropov. KGB, a 1976, KGB ya yi aiki tare da mutane dubu 68. Wannan yana nufin matsalolin halin kirki da barazana ta ɗaurin kurkuku. Akwai 'yan fursunonin siyasa na 851 a gidajen yarin, ciki har da 261 daga cikin su saboda tashin hankalin Soviet.
A karkashin Yuri Vladimirovich, an kafa raka'a na musamman domin yaki da ta'addanci a cikin kasar: Alfa da kasashen waje Vympel. Shirye-shiryen 'yan wasan Vympel na da ban sha'awa, don "aiki tare da mutane" wadannan duniyoyi sun iya amfani da ilimin ilimin lissafi.
Menene Andropov yayi aiki sosai?
Bayan ya zama sananne game da dukan tarihin da wannan mamba na kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU ya yi, yana da tabbacin cewa Yuri Vladimirovich zai tsaya a cikin aikinsa ba tare da jinkiri ba, ya tsayar da kullun yana tura kowa a cikin hanyarsa, musamman tun da kokarinsa na horar da irin wannan iko mai iko kamar yadda KGB yayi biyayya da umarninsa. Ya amince da shi da Brezhnev. Andropov jin dadin wannan.
Tun daga shekarar 1979, ya fara tura turawarsa don yanke shawarar. Bisa ga mahimmanci, shugaban KGB ya dasa ra'ayin dakarun da ke dauke da sojoji zuwa Afghanistan. A yayin taron na Disamba na Politburo, ya bayyana shi ga garkuwa ta hanyar rashin fahimtar tsarin Khalifanci da ke fitowa da babban birnin Turkiyya. Bugu da} ari, shugaban KGB ya ga irin yadda Amirka ke amfani da makamai masu linzami a Afghanistan. Hakika, {asar Amirka ba za ta iya tunanin hakan ba. Bayan haka, haɗarin sanya makaman nukiliya a cikin ƙasa mara tabbas ya fi sama. Wannan magana ne mai ban sha'awa wanda ya kai ga shiga dakarunmu zuwa Afghanistan, zuwa asarar 14,000 da kuma yakin basira mai shekaru 10. Shin Andropov yana so ya dauki wurin "ƙaunataccen Leonid Ilyich"? Hoton shekaru 80, idan kun san physiognomy, shaida wannan. Hannunsa ba shine ra'ayi na wani wanda ke ƙarƙashin ba.
Mai gabatar da martani ga mutuwar 'yan Jam'iyyar
Tambaya mai wuya ta fito ne game da irin halin da ake ciki na mutuwar 'yan siyasa a shekarun 1980. Wannan tambaya, ba shakka, wani asiri ne a baya bayanan bakwai. Duk da haka, mummunar irin wannan sabon abu a matsayin fitowar mutuwar mutane a shekarun 1980 zuwa ga 'yan siyasa, ba shakka, yana firgita.
Shin manufar asirin Andropov ne? Ƙarshe ba za muyi ba, amma za mu bincika gaskiyar.
26.04.1976, memba na kwamitin tsakiya, ministan tsaro na kwamitin tsakiya, Grechko Andrei Andreevich, ya mutu. Shekaru saba'in da haihuwa, ya kasance mai kyau ga shekarun da ya shafi wasanni: ya ƙaunaci jogging, tanis, jagorancin rayuwa, ya ciyar da lokaci mai yawa a kan CSKA. Kanar Janar Varennikov a bayyane ya bayyana rashin kafircinsa game da yanayin mutuwar wannan mutumin da yake da karfi, ba tare da gunaguni game da lafiyarsa ba: a cikin gidansa, a cikin makamansa, tare da littafi a hannunsa. Yana da halayyar cewa AA Grechko, kamar M. Suslov, wanda ya mutu daga bisani, ya kasance tsohuwar tsaro na Politburo wanda bai san burin Andropov ba.
17.07.1978 An ba zato ba tsammani kashe sittin Fedor Davydovich Kulakov, a real contender ga post na babban sakataren CPSU. Mabuwayi mutum ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani, "m zuciya rashin cin nasara". Kuma kamar wata sa'o'i kafin ya aka gani a mai kyau kiwon lafiya. A cikin gwaji kan gawar ganewar asali na Academician Chazov ya kasance unconvincing. Bugu da kari, marigayi unusually sauri cremated.
Bukatarsa ce, tare da gagarumin zaman lafiya, "da nufin al'amarin" saboda wasu dalilai da shi ya mutu manufofin - fafatawa a gasa ko husũma Andropov. Idan ka'idar daidai ne, to, a lokacin rayuwa da Brezhnev shekaru 80 - shi ne ainihin sarautar Andropov, duk da haka, da hanyoyin da m Cardinal.
10/04/1980 na kashe babban contender domin hula Brezhnev - Petr Mironovich Masherov. Ya aka kashe a wani hatsarin mota a kusa da kauyen na Smolevichi. Yanayi na mutuwa: Olympic hanya a matsayin alama, mai girma view, wani gogaggen sirri direba. ko wani karo da wani juji truck a duk jihar gona ya rage wani asiri. Bayan ya iso, 'yan sanda gano cewa, da manomi Pustovit Nikolay Mitrofanovich wasu dalilai (wanda ba na hali domin irin wannan hatsarori) duk ƙone, amma ta hanyar mu'ujiza tsira. Bayan watanni uku da manomi ya dasa domin shekaru 15, da kuma ... shi vuya.
19.01.1982, da "shot" na farko mataimakin shugaban KGB Andropov - Janar Semyon Tsvigun, curator na 3rd kuma 5th shugabanci, mutum Brezhnev, Leonidom Ilichom aka kafa don kula Andropov.
25.01.1982 shekara illogical mutu Mihail Andreevich Suslov. Ko da yake ya kasance da zuciyar, amma yanayi har yanzu atypical ga mutuwa. Lokacin da walwala stably Mikhail kafa musamman asibiti domin likita jarrabawa a kowace shekara. Kuma ba zato ba tsammani - mai kauri bugun jini, da kuma mutuwa.
Harkokin waje da kuma na cikin gida da manufofin Andropov
Zama a kwalkwali na jihar, Yuri fara aiwatar da su ta siyasa ra'ayoyi, ba shakka, ba tare da bayyana su. Kamar yadda wani mutumin shrewd, ya na sane da rikicin halin da ake ciki a cikin Soviet tattalin arziki, barazanar zama wani mugun kaye.
Ya main ra'ayin da aka sauka a hankali kadaici na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis na real iko. Power, bisa ga Andropov, dole ne kai jami'an tsaro, iko pragmatically tsara jama'a zuba jari a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar. Bugu da kari, wasu alkuki a cikin kasa tattalin arzikin da aka sanya wa zaman kansa dukiya.
An ce, kasar Sin baya amfani Andropov shirin. Wannan ya ba da masana dalilin yi imani da cewa ta hanyar wannan aikin da Tarayyar Soviet iya an ceto.
Abin baƙin ciki, shi ne kawai da ya ayyana Andropov ta sake fasalin. Ba su zo gaskiya. A gaskiya, na biyar sakatare janar kaina mulkin kasar domin kawai 5 watanni, da kuma na karshe goma da aka pegged zuwa asibiti magani. Me ne wanda zai sa Andropov? Ganin cewa ya iya. Kuma ya san yadda za a yi da danniya da kuma haifar da wani yanayi na tsoro. Nan da nan sai ya fara yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa. Yana da aka bude da karfi "auduga hali". Ya hambarar da tsohon abokin Yuri Vladimirovich, Cif ma'aikatar harkokin Nicholas Schelokov (ya harbe kansa, kãfin da m kama). fadi da danniya da yawan jama'a da aka sanctioned: Jami'an 'yan sanda a lokacin aiki sa'o'i gudanar da hare-hare a shagunan, cinemas kuma dauki warware aiki horo a fensir. Bugu da ari shiriya "litattafan rubutunku truants" a ministan cikin gidan kasar ya bukata harafi ko tsayar ko azabta.
Babban sakataren Andropov aka bayyana m zaluntar a la Beriya. Galina Brezhnev da kuma Yuri Churbanov da aka kama da kuma Director Eliseev Deli Y. Sokolov da ake zargi da aikata dukan zunuban da Soviet cinikayya da kuma "koyawa" harbi.
Bugu da kari, Yuri kama da tsoro da kuma a cikin filin, ya maye gurbin talatin da bakwai da farko sakatarorin yanki kwamitocin da goma sha takwas da ministoci.
A gaskiya, a zamanin mulkin Andropov kusan tsare surface haramta shi matakan, ba ya haifar da Tarurrukan na tattalin arzikin buga da rikicin. Don kwatanta, a lokaci guda, Turkey ya iya sa da tushe ga dima jiki masana'antu. A ƙofar da shuka bayyana sufetocin don tabbatar da, haramun na loading da Ana saukewa.
Tattalin arzikin} ir} tabbas iyakance da cewa a cikin shelves bayyana rahusa fiye da sauran iri (4 rubles. 70 kopecks.) Vodka, lakabi da "andropovka" mutane.
A kasashen waje da manufofin, Andropov sanya muhimman abubuwa biyu abubuwa: farkon na aiwatar da daidaita dangantakar tare da kasar Sin, kuma an lalace tattaunawa a kan matsakaici-fuska da makamai masu linzami da Amurka.
Wasulla a tsõro Andropov
An tsõro aka Andropov uncompromising? Zai yiwu ba. A duk-m shugaban KGB ko gudanar a cikin wannan yankin da su gudanar da manufofin. Bawa Andropov, wadannan da shi da KGB shugaba V. V. Fedorov, wani baƙo ga definition of undercover da rikici, da ya ce asymmetrical aikace-aikace Andropov punitive aiki. A cewar shi, a kurkuku aika statist marubuta. Musulmai masu sassaucin ra'ayi kamar Brodsky, Vladimir Bukovsky, Aksenov, Solzhenitsyn Andropov ya kula da. Shin fitar kasashen waje - shi ne mai raɗaɗi? Yuri kuma yi falala a kansu da gabatarwa da kuma yi irin wannan al'adu Figures a matsayin Yevtushenko, Lyubimov da Vysotsky.
Kuma tare da Romanom Solzhenitsyna "The Gulag tarin tsiburai" - kullum turbid tarihi. Ina yankunan karkara malaman na iya daukar kudin shiga ga wani top-m fayiloli?
Mene ne haƙiƙa ya bi ta cewa? Babu shakka - halittar siffar wani sassaucin ra'ayi da manufofin.
Mutuwa da kuma jana'izar
A shekara kafin mutuwa, a watan Fabrairu 1983, a karo na biyar na babban sakataren koda gazawar. Sa'an nan, ya aka tsĩrar da hemodialysis. Yana mayar da su zuwa al'ada kiwon lafiya. Amma a kan vacation a cikin Crimea, Andropov da wani sanyi, sa'an nan aka tilasta su zauna a cikin Kuntsevo Hospital.
09/02/1984 na Yuriy Vladimirovich Andropov mutu. The hukuma ganewar asali: koda gazawar. Andropov jana'izar alama ta wani gajeren jawabin da ya gaje shi - Chernenko K. U. sa furta kalmomin, ya ce wa waɗanda suke a gẽfensa, "iyakoki da zai harba" - sa'an nan ya amsa da kansa: "A'a, yana da sanyi."
ƙarshe
A wani banda kisan gillar serial jam'iyyar functionary Andropov, a zamanin yanzu, kamar yadda ya dace, a cikin manufofin da shi ya nuna a sarari rinjaye. Ya aikata wani sassaucin ra'ayi a jihar tare da abubuwa masu zaman kansu dukiya. A mafi dalĩli a cikin "kasa Andropov" na samar da dokar tilasta yin aiki hukumomin. Duk da haka, shi ne, bayyananne promiscuity a cikin hanyoyin cimma burin, kogon karye hali ya hallaka fafatawa a gasa.
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