Sobeskiy Yan: shugabanci da kuma manufofin

3 Jan Sobieski, biography (short) wanda shi ne batun wannan review, shi ne Yaren mutanen Poland sarki, Lithuanian yarima, da kuma gudanar da dama da muhimmanci siyasa da administrative posts da kuma matsayi. Ya kuma zama shahararren matsayin talented soja shugaban, ya lashe wata nasara a kan Tartars, da Turks. Yaren mutanen Poland m riƙe ga tsawon lokaci da mutunci daga mulki, kuma ya yi yawa, don ƙarfafa m ikon, a kalla a lokacin mulkinsa.

Wasu facts na rayuwa

Sobeskiy Yan aka haife shi a 1629 a cikin castle kusa da birnin Lviv. Ya zo daga wani iyali sredneshlyahetskoy, wakilan wanda, duk da haka, sun iya karya fitar a cikin mafi girman da'irori godiya ga wata nasara da kuma riba aure. A nan gaba, Sarkin samu wani kyakkyawan ilimi a jami'ar Cracow. Ya yi tafiya tare da ɗan'uwansa zuwa Yammacin kasashen Turai, inda ya koya harsuna da dama.

Ya an dauki daya mafi ilimi wadanada a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian daular. Sobeskiy Yan tafi tare da wata tawagar da Ottoman Empire, inda ya familiarized kansa da na'urar da wannan jiha da kuma koya da Baturke harshe. A 1655, a lokacin da Sweden mamayewa na kasar na farko ya koma proshvedskoy jam'iyyar. Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, ya goya tare da sarki rightful, suka yi yaƙi da shi.

aure

A 1665 ya aure Marysieńka Zamoyska - Frenchwoman, wanda ya a cikin kotu sarki Louis XIV. Ta yi fatan cewa, mijinta zai dauki kursiyin Poland. Kuma domin wannan amfani ya miƙa Faransa taimako. Ta yi wa'adi ga gwamnatin kasarsa, a cikin hali na ƙarshe daga jam'iyya da ita mata, na karshe sarki zai taimaka a yaki tare da dogon lokaci-makiya - da Habsburgs.

nasarar

Sobeskiy Yan a wannan lokaci kamar yana Yaren mutanen Poland m. Don yin wannan, ya na da damar: a 1668 ya zama babban hetman - a matsayin wanda yake da muhimmanci sosai a jama'a-administrative tsarin Poland. Duk da haka, a lokacin da ya gaza cimma ya manufa, kamar yadda nobility zaɓi ya sa a kan wannan wuri da wani yarima - ya protege.

Duk da haka, jimawa Sobeskiy Yan ya tabbatar da kansa a matsayin wani talented soja shugaban. A cikin 1660s, da ya yi yaƙi kashe mamayewa na Tatars, a 1673-m lashe wani m nasara a kan akai-akai a yakin Khotin. A karshen shã'aninku ba shi shahararsa, wanda, tare da Faransa zinariya da gudummawar da ta tadawa da baya zabe Sarkin Poland.

kasashen waje da manufofin

Jan III Sobieski, babban aiki da sarautar ga dawowar Podolsk ƙasar ga Yaren mutanen Poland jihar. Gaskiyar ita ce, a wannan yanki da yawa daga cikin nobility da dũkiyõyinsu. Saboda haka, yankunan da asarar barnatar da rinjayar ba kawai tattalin arziki, amma kuma a kan zamantakewa da siyasa halin da ake ciki.

A 1675, ya sanya hannu a asirce alkawari na ƙawance da Faransa gwamnati, wanda, duk da haka, ya bi daban-daban a raga. Yana sha'awar ya gushe tashin da Daular Ottoman, to mayar da hankali a kan yaki da babban abokin hamayyarsa - da Habsburgs. Wannan matsayi ya sa damunsu a Poland, wanda Faransa m daukarsa kawai a matsayin hanyar magance kasa da kasa fagen fama. Saboda haka, Korol Yan Sobesky tafi hutu tare da Versailles da wani rapprochement tare da Austria hukumomin domin yaki da na kowa, maƙiyi - da Turks. A yarjejeniyar da aka sa hannu a 1683. Kuma ya zaci juna taimako a cikin harin.

babbar nasara

A wannan shekarar, Sarkin Poland daidai da sharuddan da yarjejeniya gaggãwa zuwa babban birnin na Austria jihar da taimakon kawayenta a kangewa gaba Turkish hari. Ya kawo tare da shi da kuma nasu sojoji, da kuma united sojojin, duk da haka, ya kasance mafi sparse fiye da Turkiyya. Duk da haka, a wannan yaki, musamman bayyana dabarun iyawa Sobieski, wanda ya dauki umurnin da hadin gwiwa da sojojin da kuma ci Turks.

Ya kuma yi wani yunkurin 'yantar da da Hungarian ƙasa. Duk da haka, bai yi da kyau a nan. A wannan tsakanin da shi kuma gwamnan na Austria shawara fara. Gaskiyar cewa Sarkin so ya fadada da iyakoki na Commonwealth da Black Sea a waje, amma ya kamfen kasa.

Karshe shekaru na

Wani gagarumin taron da sarautar da aka rattaba hannu kan "Madawwami Aminci" tare da Rasha a 1686. Sarki kuwa ya tafi da wannan yarjejeniya domin a hade yaki Ottoman. Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci a cikin yankunan da manufofin da aka yi Poland wani karfi Karkasa jihar.

Ya so ya amince da kursiyin ga dansa da kuma waliyyinsa, amma hadu adawa daga Faransa da kuma Ingila. Wadanda su ba su da sha'awar a fitowan a Turai na wani sabon karfi iko. Sobieski kuma gudummawar da karfafa na Yaren mutanen Poland sojojin, yana ƙarfafa ta Lithuanian sojojin. Duk da haka, wadannan matakan da ba ya haifar da da ake so sakamakon. Kuma sarki ya mutu a 1696 a Warsaw, a wani yanayi na jayayya.