Adipic acid. Properties da kuma aikace-aikacen kwamfuta

Adipic acid (akwai wani sunan ga abu - 1,4-butandikarbonovaya acid, da na din-din-din sunan - geksandiovaya acid) - aka iyakance dicarboxylic acid. Yana yana da wadannan sinadaran dabara: HOOC (CH2) 4SOON da kuma babban dabara C6O4H10. Yana yana da guda sinadaran Properties matsayin carboxylic acid. Gishiri siffofin, da yawa daga waxanda suke da narkewa a cikin ruwa (H2O). Esterified a di- da kuma na daya. Tare da glycols geksandiovaya acid siffofin polyesters.

Properties na adipic acid

1. matauni taro ne 146,1 gram / mol.

2. Yawa na 1.36 grams / mole.

3. iyaka solubility a ethanol, diethyl barasa da acetone.

4. solubility a ruwa (H2O) ne kamar haka: a 15 digiri - 1,44 g da 100 g na ruwa. 40 digiri - 5.12 g; a 70 digiri - 34,1 g

Thermal Properties geksadiovoy acid

1. A narkewa batu ne 153 ° C.

2. A bazuwar zafin jiki ne 210 - 240 ° C.

3. A tafasar batu (a 100mm Hg) ne 265 ° C.

4. decarboxylation zafin jiki ne 300-320 ° C.

5. The enthalpy na konewa ne -2800 KJ / mol.

6. narkewa enthalpy na 16,7 KJ / mol.

7. danshin enthalpy ne 18.7 KJ / mol.

Yadda za a samu adipic acid?

A masana'antu wannan abu da aka shirya da gaske ta biyu-mataki hadawan abu da iskar shaka na cyclohexane. Da farko, a cakuda cyclohexanol da cyclohexanone, to, wanda aka raba da barasan. Daga bisani cyclohexanone ake amfani da su samar da caprolactam, kuma cyclohexanol oxidized 40-60% ƙarfi HNO3 (nitric acid). Tare da wannan hanya, adipic acid yawan amfanin ƙasa ne game da casa'in da biyar bisa dari.

Daya daga cikin alamar hanyoyin da shiri na adipic acid ne hydrocarbonylation butadiene.

Abin da sauran hanyoyi yi kafin su sami carboxylic acid, kamar adipic? Yana za a iya samu kuma da oxidizing cyclohexane tare da nitric acid (HNO3) a zazzabi na + 100-200 ° C, dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) a zazzabi na +50 ° C ko lemar sararin samaniya (O3).

Adipic acid da aka ma ta shirya carbonylation na THF (tetrahydrofuran) kamar yadda adipic acid anhydride, wanda shi ne sai ya samar da haƙiƙa abu lamba.

A amfani da adipic acid:

- abu ne mai albarkatun kasa (amfani game da casa'in cikin dari na acid samar) a cikin yi na polyhexamethyleneadipamide, kuma ma polyurethanes kuma ta esters.

- yi amfani a matsayin abinci ƙari (E 355 rajista a karkashin lambar) ya ba da kayayyakin da m iyawa (ciki har da samar da taushi drinks).

- Adipic acid ne mai babbar bangaren na nufin yi nufi ga descaling.

- ake amfani da su cire kayan da suka ragu bayan ciko da gidajen abinci tsakanin tiles sanya na tukwane.

- da amfani da carboxylic acid kamar adipic acid, yana da muhimmanci domin shiri na roba tsakiya ba.

A wani sinadaran dauki daukan adipic acid?

1. Wannan fili kan dauki tare da daban-daban karafa, su hydroxides da asali oxides da ake samu da m salts.

2. Yana iya kau da weaker acid daga ta gishiri.

3. A gaban wani acidic kara kuzari adipic acid reacts tare da alcohols. A wannan nau'i esters.

4. Bayan dumama ammonium salts da adipic acid amides suna kafa.

5. A karkashin mataki na SOCl2 adipic acid ne tuba zuwa cikin jerin acid chloride.

Esters na Adipic acid  

1. Metiladipinat amfani ga electrochemical kira dimethylsebacate.

2. Dialliladipinat hardener ne polyester guduro.

3. Etiladipinat ake amfani da matsayin ƙari a leaded fetur ƙara da Octane lambar.

4. diethyl adipate aka yi amfani a matsayin plasticizer a yi abinci da fina-finan, takalma, PVC, roba fata, toys, linoleum, dakatar da ceilings.

5. diisopropyl adipate aka yi amfani a matsayin wani bangare ne na kayan shafawa ga fata.