DNA dikodi mai

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - a irin rayuwar jawo hadaddun code, cikinsa da data shiga hereditary bayanai. Wannan hadadden macromolecule ne iya adana da kuma aika da hereditary kayyade bayanai daga tsara zuwa tsara.

DNA ma'anar wannan Properties na wani rai kwayoyin kamar gado da kuma canzawa. The masu lamba bayanai ta buga da dukan shirin na ci gaba da wani rai gabar. Genetically muhimmi dalilai sanin ko dukan hanya na rayuwar dan Adam. A baki na likitoci ko da na halitta sakamakon da yanayi ne kawai zai iya marginally shafi batutuwan tsanani daga wasu kwayoyin halaye ko su shafi ci gaban pre-kaddara tafiyar matakai.

DNA dikodi mai code wanda yana ba kawai kimiyya amma kuma m darajar, damar likitoci domin su gudanar da rigakafin cututtuka masu zuwa wanda da mutum ne predisposed a haihuwa. Sanin game da fasali na haƙuri ta genome tsarin, da likita ne iya hango ko hasashen jiki ta mayar da martani ga tasirin da yanayi, to hango ko hasashen cutar sakamako da kuma inganci na musamman da kwayoyi, da dai sauransu.

Kwayoyin na nucleic acid hade a wani kebantaccen tsari, sarrafa duk matakai na kira na sunadaran enzymes iko da musayar makamashi da kuma abubuwa a cikin jikin mutum. A tsarin da sunadaran da su ayyuka suna ƙaddara da amino acid daga abin da suke an hada. An muhimmiyar rawa aka buga ta da tsari na wadannan amino acid a cikin sunadarin.

Idan muka yi la'akari da zurfin yadudduka na DNA, abun da ke ciki m hudu iri nucleotides: thymidylic (T), adenine (A), Bibyun (G) da kuma cytidylic (C). Aras macromolecule mai rufi chromosome ya kai wani tsawon 1 mita. Its kauri ne kamar haka daidaita daya kawai nanometer (daya billionth na mita).

DNA dabara ne kamar yadda harafin shigarwa nucleotide a cikin jerin sarkar. Alal misali, yana iya zama daga cikin irin: AGTCATGCCAG.

DNA ya kasance batun da bincike da masana kimiyya shekaru da dama. Gaskiyar cewa kwayoyin halitta dabam ne rabo na deoxyribonucleic acid kwayoyin kafa a tsakiyar karni na 20th. A daidai wannan lokaci, masana kimiyya sun natsu da cewa wadannan rabo daga cikin kwayoyin alhakin tsarin sunadarai.

Daga wannan an gano dangantakar dake tsakanin sinadaran tsarin na rabo na DNA din da kuma sunadarai na gina jiki da kansu. Jigon wannan dogara ne da cewa domin na tsari na DNA a cikin sunadaran yayi dace da tsari na tsarin raka'a DNA (nucleotides) a cikin gene.

A samu ya neman sauyi a cikin sharuddan na fahimtar jigon tamkar DNA. Deciphering kwayoyin code ya yarda da masana kimiyya don samun kusa da babban asirin mutum kayyade bayani.

A kayyade code na mutum an rubuta kamar yadda wani takamaiman nucleotide jerin a cikin babban bayanai m - DNA. Deciphering tsarin macromolecules a 1953 ya zama wata babbar milestone a cikin tarihi na ilimin. Saboda taimakonsa da wannan samu Dzh.Uotson, F.Krik M.Uilkins da aka bayar da Nobel.

DNA dikodi mai bukatar lokaci mai yawa. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa a daya kwayoyin na deoxyribonucleic acid ƙunshi wata babbar adadin data, hadaddun rufaffen code. A tsakiya na daya tantanin halitta zai iya rike ne da adadin bayanai da cewa zai cika miliyan shafukan da kimiyya kundin sani.

Da farko karanta adam genome a wani abin da ake kira daftarin na kasa a 2001, ko da yake gaba daya a kan kammala wannan aiki ya dauki guda biyu ƙarin shekaru. Domin aikin da aka kashe miliyan 300 daloli, shi ya samu halartar da dama daga kungiyoyin ilimi.

The complete genome na rikodi da aka yi a shekara ta 2007. The aikin kasafin kudin ya amounted zuwa $ 1 da miliyan.

Yau, wata hanya da ake kira "DNA-dikodi mai da mutum chromosomes," faruwa a ranar daya shuka, da kuma da kudin da ya rage zuwa rikodi na dukan gabata tarihi. Daidai ne a 50 dubu daloli.