Charles Babbage ta hikimar Engine: description, fasali, tarihi da kaddarorin

Charlz Bebbidzh (1791-1871) - wani majagaba na samar da kwamfuta injiniya, wanda ɓullo da aji 2 kwakwalwa - Banbancin da kuma hikimar. A farko daya samu da sunan saboda da ilmin lissafi ka'idodin waɗanda aka tushen - Hanyar guntun bambance-bambance. Its kyakkyawa ne a cikin m amfani da ilmin lissafi Bugu da kari ba tare da bukatar multiplication da division, waxanda suke da wuya a yi mechanically.

Fiye da kalkaleta

Banbancin Engine Babbage wakiltar wani kirgawa na'urar. Yana aiki lambobi kawai Hanyar wanda yake iya ci gaba da stacking su bisa ga Hanyar guntun bambance-bambance. Yana ba za a iya amfani da janar ilmin lissafi lissafin. Hikimar wannan na'ura Babbage ta sosai fiye da kawai kalkuleta. Yana kiwon miƙa mulki daga ilmin lissafi don mechanized cikakken sikelin janar-manufa kwamfuta. A matakai daban-daban na ci gaba da ra'ayoyi na Babbage, akwai a kalla 3 ayyukan. Saboda haka, shi ne mafi alhẽri ga koma zuwa analytical inji a cikin jam'i.

Saukaka da kuma ingancinsu na aikin injiniya

Babbage sarrafa kwamfuta inji ne gidan goma raka'a a ji cewa sun yi amfani da 10 lambobi daga 0 to 9, da kuma dijital domin aiki kawai da integers. Dabi'u ne giya, da kuma kowane category bai wa dabaran. Idan shi yana tsayawa a wani tsaka-tsaki matsayi tsakanin integers, sakamakon shi ne maras bayyani, da kuma aiki na na'ura ana katange, don nuna wani take hakkin da mutunci da lissafin. Yana da wani nau'i na kuskure da ganewa.

Bebbidzh kuma dauke da amfani da matattu hisabi tsarin wasu fiye da gidan goma a t. H. Binary da wani tushe 3, 4, 5, 12, 16 da kuma 100. An tsaya a gidan goma, saboda ta saba da aikin injiniya yadda ya dace saboda godiya ga shi muhimmanci rage yawan motsi sassa.

Banbancin Engine №1

A 1821, Babbage fara tasowa a inji ga lissafi da kuma arya polynomial ayyuka. Marubucin ya bayyana shi a matsayin na'urar ga atomatik lissafi na da jerin dabi'u da atomatik bugu na da sakamakon a tabular form. An ɓangare daga cikin printer tsarin da aka mechanically guda biyu zuwa ga lissafi sashe. Banbancin Engine №1 wakiltar farko cikakken zane don ta atomatik yi lissafin.

Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci Babbage canja da ayyuka na na'urar. Design 1830 wakiltar wani inji tsara don 16 lambobi da kuma 6 umarni na girma bambanci. A tsarin kunshi na 25 th. Sassa raba daidai tsakanin kwamfuta da printer sashe. Idan na'urar da aka gina, dã auna an kiyasta 4 tan, kuma za a yi tsawo daga 2.4 m. Aiki a cikin Babbage Sauyi Engine aka tsaya a 1832, bayan wata muhawara da wani injiniya Joseph Clement. Jama'a kudade karshe daina a 1842

hikimar tantance engine

Lokacin aiki a kan bambanci inji stalled a 1834, Babbage yi cikinsa mafi m na'urar, wanda daga baya aka mai suna hikimar duniya programmable sarrafa kwamfuta inji. A tsarin Properties daga cikin na'ura Babbage sun fi mayar dace da ainihin tubalan na zamani dijital kwamfuta. Shirye-shirye da aka yi amfani da naushi cards. Wannan ra'ayin da aka aro daga Jacquard loom, inda suke amfani da su haifar da hadaddun yadi alamu.

Da ma'ana tsarin da hikimar tantance engine Babbage m yayi dace da rinjaye zane lantarki kwamfuta zamanin, wanda yana nuna wani Memory ( "shagon") rabu daga tsakiyar processor ( "niƙa"), bi da bi kisa da yadda ake gudanar da nufin for shigar da fitarwa na bayanai da kuma umarnin. Saboda haka, da lakabi na wani majagaba ci gaban fasahar kwamfuta marubucin ya cancanta.

Memory da CPU

The inji Babbage ne a "kantin sayar da" inda ka adana lambobin da kuma riko da sakamakon, kazalika da wani raba "niƙa", wanda executes ilmin lissafi aiki. Ta yi wani tari na 4 ilmin lissafi ayyuka da kuma iya yi kai tsaye multiplication da division. Bugu da kari, na'urar da aka iya yin aiki da cewa a yanzu suna da sunayen matukar sashe sake zagayowar (iterations), microprogramming, a layi daya da aiki, kayyade, bugun jini da kullum da sauransu. N. The author of irin wannan terminology ba a amfani da.

CPU hikimar tantance engine na Charles Babbage, wanda ya kira "niƙa", samar da:

• adanar lambobi, aiki a kan abin da suke yi nan da nan, a cikin rajista.
• Yana yana da hardware zuwa aiki tare da su na asali ilmin lissafi ayyukan;
• watsa daga mai amfani-friendly waje umarnin a wani cikakken ciki management.
• tsarin musayar saƙonni (Agogon) zartar da umarnin a hankali zabi domin.

A iko inji hikimar tantance inji aiki ta atomatik kuma kunshi sassa biyu: ƙananan da matakin, sarrafawa da m ganguna, da ake kira casks, da kuma wani babban matakin yin amfani da ƙulli katunan tsara don jacquard looms, an yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin farkon 1800s.

fitarwa na'urorin

A sakamakon lissafin da aka nuna ta hanyar daban-daban ciki har da hanyoyin bugu, ƙulli cards, mãkirci kuma atomatik samar da stereotypes - da farantansa na taushi abu a kan abin da buga sakamakon da aka samar cewa zai iya zama a matsayin wani nau'i na Fitar da faranti na bugu.

sabon zane

Soma aiki na Babbage ta hikimar Engine ya fi mayar kammala a 1840 da kuma fara samar da sabon na'urar. A lokacin daga 1847 zuwa 1849 ya kammala da ci gaban №2 Sauyi Engine, shi ne wani inganta version na asali. Wannan canji da aka tsara don aiki tare da wata 31-bit lambobi da kuma zai iya haifar da tabular samar da wani polynomial 7th domin. The zane ya elegantly sauki da kuma bukatar kawai na uku daga cikin yawan sassa na asali model, samar da daidaita ta sarrafa kwamfuta ikon.

Bambanci da hikimar Engine na Charles Babbage amfani da wannan fitarwa na'urar zane, wanda ba kawai sa da firin awut a kan takarda, amma kuma ta atomatik haifar stereotypes da nasu nufin format bisa ga qaddara layout na page sadarwarka. A daidai wannan lokaci shi envisaged da yiwuwar kafa da layin tsawo, yawan ginshikan, da nisa daga cikin filin, bayar da atomatik nadawa layuka ko ginshikan da jeri na blank Lines ga readability.

al'adunmu

Baya da dama partially halitta da inji taro da gwajin model na kananan aiki sassan, babu wani daga cikin Tsarin ba a aiwatar da cikakken ga rayuwa Babbage. Babban taru a 1832 da model shi ne wani ɓangare 1/7 №1 Sauyi Engine, wanda kunshi game da dubu biyu. Guda. Yana aiki flawlessly zuwa wannan rana da kuma shi ne na farko nasara atomatik sarrafa kwamfuta da na'urar da aiwatar da wani ilmin lissafi lissafin a cikin inji. Babbage mutu a lokacin da za a kananan gwaji ɓangare na hikimar Engine. Mutane da yawa cikakken bayani game da tsarin da ake kiyaye su, kazalika da cikakken Rumbun na zane da rubutu.

Ayyukan babbar inji kwakwalwa Babbage dauki daya daga cikin ban mamaki ilimi nasarorin da XIX karni. Kawai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan aikinsa da aka yi karatu a daki-daki, kuma mataki na muhimmancin abin da ya yi, ya zama mafi bayyana.