DNA kwafi - babban saukarwa

Sabuntawa DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid biosynthesis. The abu don biosynthesis na DNA ne adenosine, kuma guanozin- tsitidin- timidintrifosfornaya acid ko ATP, GTP, CTP da TTP.

DNA kwafi

Biosynthesis za'ayi a gaban ake kira "zuriyar" - wani yawa na sāke guda-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid mai kara kuzari. A kara kuzari abubuwa a matsayin DNA polymerase. Wannan enzyme ne da hannu a cikin mix na nucleotide sharan. A minti ɗaya, ta haɗu da fiye da 1,000 nucleotide sharan. A nucleotide sharan a cikin kwayoyin na deoxyribonucleic acid gutsure juna 3 ', 5'-phosphodiester shaidu. DNA polymerase catalyzes Bugu da kari na mononucleotides sharan zuwa free 3-hydroxyl karshen-sāke deoxyribonucleic acid. Da farko hada karamin sashi na cikin jigidar halittar DNA. Su shafar mataki na DNA ligase samar da wata dogon da wani ɓaɓɓake daga deoxyribonucleic acid. Duka da wani ɓaɓɓake ake sarrafa a cikin cell nuclei. Canza deoxyribonucleic acid da aka yi amfani da matsayin batu na girma na gaba DNA din da kuma shi ne ma mai matrix a cikin abin da aka kafa wani antiparallel kewaye deoxyribonucleic acid wanda aka canza kama tare da DNA ne m, a tsarin da kuma jeri na nucleotide jerin sharan. Kwafi na DNA ya auku a lokacin Interphase mitotic cell division. Deoxyribonucleic acid da aka mayar da hankali a chromosomes kuma chromatin. Bayan samuwar aya, deoxyribonucleic acid kafa ta sakandare da kuma manyan Tsarin. Biyu strands na deoxyribonucleic acid ake juna da hydrogen shaidu na complementarity mulki. DNA kwafi na faruwa a cikin cell nuclei.

Pictures daban-daban kungiyoyin na biosynthesis na RNA jinsin da kuma makamashi-m fili ne ATP, GTP, CTP da TTP. Ribonucleic acid iya hada a cikinsu, da sa hannu na daya daga cikin uku, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa: DNA-RNA dogara polymerase, polynucleotide-nucleotidyltransferases da RNA-dogara RNA polymerase. A farko daga cikin wadannan yana kunshe ne a cikin nuclei dukkan Kwayoyin bude ma a cikin mitochondria. RNA da aka hada a kan wani DNA template a gaban ribonucleoside triphosphates, Mangan da Magnesium ions. Samar RNA kwayoyin karin to DNA template. Don DNA kwafi ya faru a nuclei suna kafa p-RNA, t-RNA da RNA-RNA da priming. A farko uku suna hawa zuwa cytoplasm, inda suka suna da hannu a cikin furotin biosynthesis.

DNA kwafi na faruwa kusan kazalika da fassarar deoxyribonucleic acid. Transmission kazalika da adana kwayoyin bayanai ne da za'ayi a matakai biyu: kwafi da kuma fassara. Mene ne a gene? Gene - wani abu naúrar, wanda shine na kwayoyin na deoxyribonucleic acid (RNA a wasu ƙwayoyin cuta). Dauke da chromosomes na cell nuclei. Halitta bayanai da aka ruwaito daga DNA via RNA don gina jiki. Kwafi ne da za'ayi a cikin cell tsakiya da kuma nasa ne da kira na mRNA a kan sassan na deoxyribonucleic acid kwayoyin. Ya kamata a ce cewa da jerin deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotides "sake rubutawa" a cikin nucleotide jerin kwayoyin da RNA. RNA polymerase ne a haɗe zuwa daidai DNA rabo, "unwinds" ta biyu Helix tsarin da kwafe deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotides for attaching da manufa na complementarity. Kamar yadda kawar da gutsure hada RNA tufka motsa daga matrix, da kuma biyu-stranded DNA bayan enzyme nan da nan a mayar. Idan RNA polymerase kai karshen da kofe rabo motsa daga RNA template a karyoplasm sa'an nan motsa a cikin cytoplasm, inda yana daukan bangare a cikin furotin biosynthesis.

A lokacin watsa shirye-shirye jeri nucleotide jerin a cikin kwayoyin da RNA fassara a cikin jerin amino acid sharan a sunadaran kwayoyin. Wannan tsari ya auku a cikin cytoplasm da RNA ake hada da kafa polysomes.