Ƙananan da kananan ƙwayoyin wurare dabam-dabam: makirci

A cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa da mutane, tsarin tsabtace jiki shine mafi mahimmanci. Yana da tsarin rufe wanda ya kunshi nau'i biyu na jini. Yarda da jinin jini, ya fi ƙarfin makamashi kuma yana ba da damar mutum ya mallaki wannan wuri na wurin da yake yanzu.

Tsarin siginar jiki shine rukuni na kwayoyin halitta marasa galihu wanda ke da alhakin walwala na jini ta hanyar tasoshin jikin. Hakan yana wakiltar zuciya da tasoshin nau'in calibers daban-daban. Wadannan su ne kwayoyin halitta wadanda suke samar da kwayoyin halitta. An tsara makircinsu a cikin dukan litattafai a jikin mutum kuma an bayyana su a cikin wannan littafin.

Ma'anar ƙaddamarwar jini

Tsarin siginar ya ƙunshi nau'i biyu - corporal (babba) da kuma ƙananan (ƙananan). Tsarin jini na jini yana da tsarin tsararru na jini, nauyin haɗari, da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ke dauke da jini daga zuciyarsa zuwa cikin tasoshin da motsi a gaba daya. A tsakiyar jiki jini wurare dabam dabam ne zuciya, domin shi ba hadawa da jijiya da kuma venous jini wurare dabam dabam, biyu crosses.

Babban Circle Circulation

A tsari dabam dabam ne a tsarin samar da gefe kyallen takarda jijiya jini da kuma ta koma cikin zuciya. Ya fara daga ventricle na hagu, daga inda jini ya shiga cikin mahaukaci ta hanyar daɗaɗɗen iska tare da bashin tricuspid. Daga aorta, jinin yana kai tsaye zuwa karamin karamin karamin jikoki kuma yana kai ga capillaries. Wannan saitin gabobin da ke haifar da haɗin kai.

A nan, iskar oxygen ta shiga nama, kuma ana karɓar carbon dioxide daga gare su ta hanyar jinin jini. Har ila yau a cikin jini, jinin yana ɗauke da amino acid, lipoproteins, glucose, kayan samfurori daga cikinsu suna dauke da su daga capillaries zuwa ramuka sannan kuma zuwa gabobi mafi girma. Suna gudana a cikin ɓoye marasa kyau, wanda ya dawo da jini tsaye zuwa zuciya a hannun dama.

Atrium dama ya ƙare tare da babban zagaye na jini wurare dabam dabam. Wannan makirci yana kama da wannan (tare da tafarkin jini): ventricle na hagu, aorta, suturar kwakwalwa, suturar murya-kwayoyin halitta, suturar muscular, arterioles, capillaries, vines, da veins da ɓoye marasa lafiya wanda ya mayar da jini zuwa zuciya a cikin dama. Daga babban yaduwar jini yada kwakwalwa, duk fata, kasusuwa. Bugu da ƙari, duk ƙwayar jikin mutum an ciyar da shi daga tasoshin jini na babban zagaye na jini, kuma ƙananan abu ne kawai na oxygenation na jini.

Ƙananan Circle Circulation

Kwayar (ƙananan) zagaye na jini, wanda aka tsara a ƙasa, ya samo asali ne daga hannun dama na ventricle. A ciki, jinin yana gudana daga hannun dama ta atomatik ta wurin ɗakin maras nauyi. Daga hakin ventricle mai kyau, oxygen ya zubar da jinin jini (jini) a cikin sashin kayan sarrafawa (tamanin) ya shiga cikin akwati na huhu. Wannan ƙwaƙwalwar tana da zurfi fiye da aorta. An raba shi zuwa rassan biyu, wanda aka aika zuwa duka biyu.

Kwan zuma ne kwayar halitta ta tsakiya wanda ke haifar da karamin ƙwayar jini. Makircin mutum, wanda aka bayyana a cikin litattafai a jikin mutum, ya bayyana cewa an bugu jini jini na jini don oxygenation na jini. Anan ya bada carbon dioxide kuma yana shafan oxygen. A cikin sinusoidal capillaries na huhu tare da diamita mai zurfi na kimanin 30 μm da musayar gas ya auku.

Daga bisani, jini, cike da oxygen, an shiryar da shi ta hanyar tsarin suturar ƙwayar cuta kuma an tattara shi a cikin kwayoyin jini 4. Dukansu suna a haɗe ne a hagu na hagu kuma suna dauke da jini mai arzikin oxygen. Wannan ya ƙare layi na jini. Makircin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar kamala kamar wannan (a cikin jini): ƙwararren ƙwayar dama, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar jini, ƙararraji mai kwakwalwa, jigilar jini, zubar da jini, zane-zane, kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa, ya bar atrium.

Fasali na tsarin siginan

Babban fasali na tsarin sigina, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'i biyu, shine buƙatar zuciya tare da ɗakuna biyu ko fiye. A cikin kifi, da'irar zirga-zirga ne daya, saboda ba su da huhu, kuma duk musayar gas ya faru a cikin tasoshin gurasar. A sakamakon haka, zuciyar kifaye ta zama abin ƙyama - yana da famfo da ke motsa jini a daya shugabanci.

Masu tsarkewa da dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da sassan jiki na numfashi kuma, daidai da haka, siginar jini. Makircin aikin su mai sauƙi ne: daga ventricle, an aika jinin a cikin jirgi na babban launi, daga arteries zuwa capillaries da veins. Zuciyar komawa cikin zuciya kuma an gane, amma, daga jini mai yalwacin gaske ya shiga cikin kowa don bangarorin biyu na wurare dabam dabam na ventricle. Tun da zuciyar wadannan dabbobi suna da nau'i uku, jinin jini daga duka biyu (mai cin nama).

A cikin mutane (da mahaifa) zuciya yana da tsari 4. A ciki akwai ƙwararru biyu da ƙwararru biyu da rabi. Rashin haɗuwa da nau'i na jini (nau'in jini da mai azabtarwa) ya zama wani sabon abu mai gina jiki wanda ya samar da jin dadin dabbobi.

Samun jini na huhu da zuciya

A cikin tsarin tsabtace jiki, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'i biyu, haske da abinci na zuciya yana da muhimmancin gaske. Wadannan su ne kwayoyin da sukafi dacewa don tabbatar da yaduwar jini da mutuntaka na tsarin kwakwalwa da na jini. Sabili da haka, ƙwayoyin zazzaɓi suna da nau'i biyu na zagaye na jini. Amma abincin su yana amfani da jiragen ruwa na babban launi: ƙwayoyin lantarki da kwakwalwa wanda ke haɗuwa daga aorta da daga cikin arteries intrathoracic, dauke da jini ga parenchyma. Kuma daga jiki rarrabe jiki ba zai iya cin abinci ba, ko da yake wasu oxygen sun fadi daga can. Saboda haka, manyan ƙananan magungunan wurare dabam-dabam, waɗanda aka tsara akan su, suna yin ayyuka daban-daban (wanda yana wadatar da jinin da oxygen, kuma na biyu ya aika da shi zuwa gabobin, ya karu daga jinin jini daga gare su).

Zuciyar tana ciyarwa a kan manyan jiragen ruwa, amma jinin a cikin cavos yana iya samar da oxygen zuwa endocardium. A wannan bangare na tsokar jijiyoyinmu, zai fi dacewa kananan, yana tafiya kai tsaye zuwa cikin zuciya da bẽnãye. Abin lura shi ne cewa bugun jini kalaman a cikin jijiyoyin zuciya arteries rarraba a cikin cardiac diastole. Sabili da haka, jiki ne kawai aka ba shi da jini lokacin da ya "huta."

Yana da ban sha'awa.

Circles na jini zagaye, da makirci wanda aka gabatar a sama a cikin sassan da suka dace, samar da duka jin dadi da kuma high haƙuri. Bari mutum ba dabba ba ne wanda yakan amfani da ikonsa na rayuwa, amma ya yarda wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa su mamaye wasu wuraren. A baya can, sun kasance marasa amfani ga masu amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe, ba tare da kifi ba.

A cikin fannin jiki, babban zagaye ya bayyana a baya kuma ya kasance halayyar kifaye. Ƙananan ƙwayar da aka ƙayyade ne kawai ta waɗannan dabbobin da suka zo gaba ɗaya ko gaba daya zuwa ƙasar kuma suka tsayar da shi. Tun lokacin gabatarwa, an yi nazarin tsarin tsawa da wurare dabam-dabam. Suna haɗuwa da aiki da kuma tsarin.

Wannan shi ne wani muhimmin da kuma riga indestructible juyin saki inji na cikin ruwa habitats na ƙasar da kuma matabbatarsu. Saboda ci gaba da wuya daga cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa jiki ne yanzu ba tafi a kan hanya na wahala na numfashi da kuma jijiyoyi, da kuma shugabanci na riba na oxygen- kai aiki na jini da kuma wani karuwa a huhu yankin.