Zuciyar mutum da bẽnãye: description, tsarin, ayyuka da kuma iri daban-daban

Zuciya - wannan shi ne mafi muhimmanci zuciya da sauransu a cikin jikin mutum. An yi karatu da masana kimiyya daga dukkan bangarori na ilimi. Mutane na kokarin samun wata hanya ta tsawanta da kiwon lafiya na zuciya tsoka, don inganta ta yi. Ilimi na Anatomy, Physiology da Pathology na zuciya, ko da talakawan mutum zai fi fahimta da matakai da faruwa a jikin mu. Yadda yawa ɗakuna a zuciyar ɗan adam? Inda za a fara da kuma kawo karshen tsari wurare dabam dabam? Kamar yadda kawota tare da jini da zuciya? Duk wadannan tambayoyi za a sami amsar a wannan labarin.

zuciya haltta

The zuciya ne a uku-Layer jakar. Waje, shi rufe da pericardium (kariya Bag) domin shi ne myocardium (tsoka yankan) da kuma endocardium (bakin ciki mucous farantin rufe da ciki na zuciya da bẽnãye).

A jikin mutum jiki ne located in tsakiyar kirji. Ya aka da ɗan karkata daga tsaye axis, don haka mafi yawan shi an bar. The zuciya kunshi kyamarori - hudu cavities cewa an juna ta hanyar bawuloli. Wannan biyu atrium (dama da hagu) da kuma biyu ventricles wanda suke ƙarƙashin su. Tsakanin kansu, sun rabu da bawuloli, wanda hana baya da ya kwarara daga jini.

Ganuwar da ventricles thicker fiye da ganuwar da atria, da kuma girma ne mafi girma, tun lokacin su aiki da aka tura da jini a cikin vasculature, yayin da atrial passively yarda da ruwa.

Features na tsarin da zuciya a cikin tayin da jariri

Yadda yawa ɗakuna a zuciyar ɗan adam, wanda aka ba tukuna haife? Su ma hudu, amma atria sadarwa tare da juna ta hanyar da m bude a cikin septum. A mataki na embryogenesis, shi wajibi ne don share jini daga dama zuciya zuwa hagu, kamar yadda da na huhu wurare dabam dabam ba - da haske ba mike. Amma da jini a cikin tasowa numfashi tsarin har yanzu ke, da kuma shi ke kai tsaye daga lakã ta cikin jijiya canal.

Jam'iyya fetal zuciya sirara kuma muhimmanci kasa fiye da na fara tasawa, kuma an rage kawai talatin bisa dari na jimlar tsokar taro. Its aiki ne da nasaba, tare da rasit na glucose a cikin uwa tasa ta jini a matsayin zuciya tsoka yaro yana amfani da shi a matsayin gina jiki substrate.

Jini wadata da kuma wurare dabam dabam

Jinin samar na myocardium ya auku tare da lokaci na systole, a lokacin da jini da dama a cikin babban tasoshin. Jini na zuciya da bẽnãye suna located zurfi a cikin myocardium. Manyan jijiyoyin zuciya jijiya tashi tsaye daga lakã, da kuma lokacin da ventricles, da jini daga cikin zuciya zuwa wadata. Idan wannan inji a kan wani daga cikin hãlãye zai lalace kuma tsokar zuciya infarction.

zuciyar mutum da bẽnãye yin famfo aiki. Daga cikin ra'ayi na kimiyyar lissafi, su kawai pumped ruwa a cikin rufaffiyar da'irar. A matsa lamba da aka halitta, a hagu na ramin zuciya rami, jini ya zo a lokacin da ƙi kara domin cewa ya kai gare shi har ma da karami capillaries.

The biyu sananne zagayawa:

- manyan, da nufin samar da kyallen takarda na jiki;

- kananan, aiki na musamman a cikin huhu gas musayar kuma goyon bayan.

Afferent da efferent tasoshin yana da kowane zuciya jam'iyya. Ina da jini gudana a babban da'irar jini wurare dabam dabam? Daga cikin bar atrium ruwa shiga hagu ventricle da shi ya cika, game da shi kara matsa lamba a cikin kogo. Lokacin da ta kai 120 mmAq, semilunar bawul rarrabe ventricle daga lakã aka fadada, kuma da jini shiga cikin tsari dabam dabam. Bayan duk capillaries suna cike, akwai wani tsari na salon salula numfasawa da abinci mai gina jiki. Sa'an nan kuma, ta hanyar da venous tsarin, jini gudana baya ga zuciya, ko kuma wajen, a cikin dama atrium. Don shi dace babba da ƙananan vena cava, tattara da jini daga dukan kwayoyin. Lokacin da ruwa accumulates Yã isa zama adadin, shi gudana a cikin dama ventricle.

Daga shi zai fara da na huhu wurare dabam dabam. Cikakken carbon dioxide da kuma na rayuwa kayayyakin, jini shiga cikin huhu akwati. Kuma daga can zuwa arteries da capillaries daga cikin huhu. Bayan gematoalveolyarny shãmaki gas musayar auku tare da waje muhalli. Riga oxygen-arziki jini dawo zuwa hagu atrium, don samun koma cikin tsari dabam dabam. A dukan zagayowar daukan kasa da talatin seconds.

wajibi sake zagayowar

Domin ga jiki kullum na'am da zama dole na gina jiki da kuma oxygen ɗakunan ajiya na zuciya da aiki da daidaituwa qwarai. Akwai wasu yanayi na mataki.

1. systole - a ƙanƙancewa na ventricles. An kasu kashi da yawa lokaci:

• Awon karfin wuta guda myofibers rage, da matsa lamba a cikin kogo ƙaruwa, bawul din tsakanin atrium da ventricle rufe. Saboda lokaci daya akan rage duk tsoka zaruruwa, da sanyi daga cikin rami canje-canje, da matsa lamba yakan to 120 mmAq.
• Fitar: bude semilunar bawuloli - jini shiga lakã da na huhu akwati. A matsa lamba a cikin ventricles da atria hankali leveling kashe, da kuma jini gaba daya ya fita ƙananan ɗakunan ajiya na zuciya.

2. Diastole - shakatawa infarction, da kuma wannan lokaci na m liyafar na jini. A zuciya ta na sama da bẽnãye sadarwa tare da kawo tasoshin da kuma tara wani adadin na jini. Sa'an nan atrioventricular bawuloli aka buɗe, da kuma ruwa gudana a cikin ventricles.

Ganewar asali da cuta a cikin tsari da kuma aiki da zuciya

1. Electrocardiography. Wannan rajista lantarki mamaki da bi tsoka ƙanƙancewa. ɗakunan ajiya na zuciya kunshi cardiomyocytes cewa kafin kowane ƙanƙancewa samar da wani mataki m. Wannan shi, da kuma electrons ana gyarawa, superimposed a kan kirji. Ta wannan hanya, Dabarar iya gane babban matsalar aiki na samfur na zuciya, ta Organic ko aikin lalacewa (infarction, mataimakin fadada rami, gaban ƙarin ragi).
2. Auscultation. Sauraro bugun zuciya shi ne mafi tsoho hanyar bayyana rashin lafiya. Likitoci da taimakon kawai daya daga cikin hanyoyin iya gane mafi yawan tsarin da kuma aikin munanan.
3. Duban jarrabawa. Yana ba ka damar ganin tsarin da zuciya da bẽnãye, jini rarraba, gaban lahani a cikin tsoka da kuma wasu bayanai da taimaka yin ganewar asali. The hanyar dogara ne a kan gaskiyar cewa ultrasonic taguwar ruwa nuna daga cikin daskararru (kashi, tsoka, sashin jiki parenchyma) da kuma wuce da yardar kaina ta hanyar ruwa.

cututtukan zuciya da

Kamar wani sashin jiki, zuciya na shekaru tara pathological canje-canje da cewa fararwa da ci gaban cututtuka. Ko da tare da lafiya salon da m saka idanu na kiwon lafiya, babu daya ne rigakafi daga matsalolin da zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin. Pathological tafiyar matakai iya dangantawa da tabarbarewa daga cikin sashin jiki ko tsari, su kama daya, biyu ko uku na ta harsashi.

Ware wadannan nosological siffofin pathologies:

- arrhythmias kuma cardiac lantarki madugu (arrythmia, kawancen fibrillation).

- kumburi cututtuka: endo-, myo-, peri-, pancarditis.

- samu ko nakasar malformations.

- hauhawar jini da kuma ischemic rauni.

- jijiyoyin bugun gini raunuka.

- pathological canje-canje a cikin tsokar bango.

A karshen irin Pathology wajibi ne kwakkwance da mafi tun yana da dangantaka ta kai tsaye a shirayin da zuciya.

Dilatation na zuciya da bẽnãye

A tsawon lokaci, da myocardium wanda Forms wani bango na zuciya jam'iyya, za a iya hõre pathological canje-canje, kamar wuce kima mikewa ko thickening. Wannan shi ne saboda gazawar da compensatory sunadaran kyale jiki na yin aiki a babban overloads (hauhawar jini, karuwa da jini girma ko maida hankali).

A Sanadin dilated cardiomyopathy sun hada da:

1. Cututtuka na daban-daban etiologies (fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta, kwayoyin, parasites).
2. Guba (qwayoyi, da nauyi karafa).
3. Tsari connective nama cuta (rheumatic zazzabi, tsari lupus erythematosus).
4. A ƙari na adrenal gland.
5. Hereditary murdede dystrophy.
6. A gaban rayuwa, ko endocrine cututtuka.
7. Kwayoyin cututtuka (idiopathic).

The fadada daga cikin ventricles

Babban dalilin fadada daga hagu ventricle ne ta jini ambaliya. Idan semilunar bawul ta lalace, ko da hawa lakã aka quntata, zuciya tsoka bukatar karin lokaci da kuma kokarin fitar da ruwa a cikin tashar tsarin. Sashe na daga cikin jini bar a cikin ventricle, kuma tare da lokaci, shi yana a miƙe. Dalili na biyu na iya zama kamuwa da cuta, ko Pathology na tsoka zaruruwa, saboda wanda thinner zuciya bango zama flabby da yake ba su iya raguwa.

Dama ventricle su ƙãra size saboda matsaloli tare da bawul na huhu jijiya matsa lamba da kuma karuwa a cikin huhu wurare dabam dabam. Lokacin da huhu tasoshin ne ma kunkuntar, da rabo daga jini daga huhu akwati baya cikin ventricle. A wannan lokaci wani sabon yanki na ruwa gudana daga atrium da jam'iyya ganuwar suna miƙa. Bugu da kari, wasu mutane suna da haihuwa lahani na huhu jijiya. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa wani m karuwa da matsa lamba a dama ventricle kuma ƙara da ƙarfi.

fadada daga cikin atria

Dalilin da fadada hagu atrium ne Pathology na bawuloli: da atrioventricular ko semilunar. Domin ya tura jini a cikin ventricle ta kananan rami, kana bukatar wani babban karfi da kuma lokaci, don haka wasu jini ya zauna a cikin atrium. A hankali da adadin saura ruwa da aka kara, da kuma wani sabon yanki na jini lullube da zuciya jam'iyya bango. Dalili na biyu na fadada daga hagu atrium bango ya zama ruwan dare atrial fibrillation. A wannan yanayin, da pathogenesis ba cikakken gane.

The dama atrium yana faɗaɗa a gaban huhu hauhawar jini. Lokacin da na huhu tasoshin an quntata, shi ne wata ila baya Fitar jini a cikin dama ventricle. Kuma tun lokacin da aka riga cika da wani sabon yanki na ruwa, da matsa lamba a kan jam'iyya ganuwar qara. Atrioventricular bawul ba tashi, kuma ya jũya daga cikin. Tun da jini gudana baya cikin atrium. A na biyu wuri ne nakasar zuciya lahani. A wannan yanayin da ya fashe daga ilimin Halittar Jiki jiki tsari, don haka mai yiwuwa alaka tsakanin biyu atria da jini hadawa. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa hyperinflation resistant ganuwar da su fadada.

The fadada daga cikin lakã

Aortic aneurysm iya haifar daga fadada hagu ventricle kogo. Yana auku a wurin da jirgin ruwa bango an mafi thinned. Dagagge matsa lamba da kuma stiffness na kewaye nama saboda atherosclerosis, ta ƙara load a kan ƙarancin cancantar rabo daga cikin jijiyoyin bugun gini bango. Sacciform protrusion aka kafa, wanda halitta ƙarin haukan kogi na jini ya kwarara. Aneurysm ne mai hatsari saboda kwatsam katsewa da ciki na jini, kamar yadda da kyau a matsayin tushen jini clots.

dilation magani

A bisa ga al'ada, far ne zuwa kashi likita da kuma m. Tun da Allunan rage zuciya miƙa kyamara ba ya aiki, da magani ne directed a causative factor: kumburi, hawan jini, rheumatism, atherosclerosis ko cutar huhu. Marasa lafiya ya kamata a kula da lafiya salon da kuma cika tare da likita ta shawarwarin. Bugu da kari, da mãsu haƙuri magani bakin ciki da jini da cewa sauƙaƙe ta ratsa wani canji na zuciya da bẽnãye.

Don m hanyoyin hada da kafawa na stimulator, wanda zai bayar da gudummawa ga tasiri rage daga cikin tashin hankali da zuciya bango.

rigakafin

Domin ya hana ci gaban na tsokar Pathology wajibi ne a gudanar da wani asali sharudda:

- daina miyagun halaye (taba, barasa).

- don tsayar da tsarin mulki na aikin da kuma sauran.

- ci dama.

Komawa ga tambaya: nawa ɗakuna a zuciyar ɗan adam? Kamar yadda jini motsa ta cikin jiki? Abin da ya amfanin jiki da zuciya? Da kuma yadda ya aikata shi duka aikin? Muna fatan cewa, bayan karanta hadaddun Anatomy da kuma Physiology na jiki ya zama kadan bayarda.