Planetary nebulae. Cat ta Eye Nebula

Nebula a sarari - daya daga cikin abubuwan al'ajabi na duniya, aka karin a da kyau. Suna da muhimmanci ba kawai gani m. nebulae nazari taimaka masana kimiyya ya bayyana aiki na da dokokin da halittu da kuma ta wurin, to daidaita da ka'idar da ci gaban da duniya da rayuwa mai sassa na taurari. Yau, game da wadannan abubuwa, da muka sani da yawa, amma ba dukan.

A cakuda na gas, da ƙura

Quite lokaci mai tsawo, har zuwa tsakiyar karni na karshe, an dauke nebula star gungu, m daga gare mu a wani babba nesa. Da yin amfani da spectroscope a 1860 ya taimaka wajen kafa yawancin su suna yi sama da gas, da ƙura. Turanci falakin William Heggins gano cewa, da haske daga nebula bambanta daga radiation zuwa daga talakawa taurari. Bakan qunshi wani na farko mai haske launin Lines, cike da koyaswa duhu, alhãli kuwa a karo na biyu idan wannan baki ratsi ba ya lura.

Bugu da ari nazarin kafa da cewa Milky Way nebula na taurari da kuma sauran yafi hada da cakuda zafi gas da kuma kura. Sau da yawa hadu da irin wannan sanyi kafa. Wadannan girgije na interstellar gas kuma ya kasance a cikin nebulae.

rarrabuwa

Dangane da kaddarorin da abubuwa da ke cikin nebula da dama iri. All su ne mafi yawa a samu a cikin vastness na sarari, kuma daidai da sha'awa ga ilmin Taurari. Nebula, emitting domin duk abin da dalili, hasken samu kira ko yaxuwa haske. Hamayya su a kan asali sigogi, ba shakka, ake magana a kai a matsayin duhu. Yaxuwa nebulae ne na uku iri:

• na nuna;

• ãdalci.

• supernova alãma.

Watsi, bi da bi, subdivided cikin yankunan da samuwar sabuwar taurari (H II) da kuma planetaries. Duk wadannan iri ne halin da wasu kaddarorin da sanya su musamman kuma ma'abutanta nazarin.

Yankin na star samuwar

All watsi nebula - girgijen glowing gas na daban-daban siffofin. Babban kashi constituting su, - hydrogen. A karkashin mataki na star, ayi a cibiyar na nebula, shi ne ionized da collides da kwayoyin halitta mutum aka gyara girgije. A sakamakon wadannan matakai da ake zama a halayyar pinkish haske.

Eagle Nebula ko M16 - mai girma wakilin irin wannan abu. A nan ne star kafa yankin, da yawa daga matasa, m da zafi taurari. Eagle Nebula - wani wuri inda aka dake cikin sanannun tashar sararin samaniya, The Pillars of Creation. Wadannan gas clots kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da gagarumi iska ne star yankin. By kafa hasken nan Yanã matsawa na gas, da ƙura ginshikan da nauyi.

Masana kimiyya sun kwanan nan koya cewa a ji dadin Pillars of Creation, za mu iya har yanzu kawai a shekara dubu. Sai suka bace. A gaskiya, daga halakar Pillars ya faru game da 6,000 da suka wuce saboda wani supernova fashewa. Duk da haka, da haske daga wannan yankin na sarari zo mana game da bakwai shekara dubu, sai Masana ilmin lasafta aukuwa a gare mu - kawai a nan gaba.

planetary nebulae

Sunan da wadannan irin glowing ƙura girgije aka gabatar William Herschel. Planetary Nebula - karshe mataki na rayuwar wani star. Resettable harsashi luminary samar da wata halayyar juna. Nebula yayi kama da faifai, yawanci a kusa da wani taurãro, a lokacin da kyan gani, ta hanyar wani kananan kawo nesa kusa da shi. Yau mun sani fiye da dubu wannan abubuwa.

Planetary Nebula - wani ɓangare na aiwatar da canji na da ja giant to fari Dwarf taurari. A cibiyar ne mai zafi star samuwar, a bakan ne kama da manyan malaman na aji O. Its zazzabi ya kai 125 000 K. Planetary nebulae kullum da gwada da kananan girma - 0.05 parsecs. Mafi yawan su suna located a tsakiyar mu galaxy.

Mass gasbag kika aika star kananan. Shi ne 'yan tenths na Sun ta wannan siga. A cakuda na gas, da ƙura aka cire daga cibiyar na nebula a wani kudi na har zuwa 20 km / s. A harsashi ya kusa ga 35 shekara dubu, sa'an nan ya wãyi gari a sosai rarefied da indistinguishable.

Features

Planetary nebula iya zama na daban-daban siffofi. Amma, ko ta wani hanya, shi ne kusa da ball. Rarrabe nebula zagaye, zobe-dimbin yawa, kama da wani dumbbell, irregularly dimbin yawa. The a jere na wannan sarari abubuwa sun hada da luminous gas watsi Lines da kuma tsakiyar star, kazalika da wani lokacin da sha line bakan da luminary.

Planetary nebula fitarda babban yawa na makamashi. Shi ne muhimmanci mafi girma fiye da guda nuna alama ga tsakiyar star. A tsakiya samuwar saboda ta high zazzabi arfin hasken ultraviolet. Su ionize da gas kwayoyin halitta. A barbashi an kona, maimakon na ultraviolet da suka fara zuwa emit bayyane haskoki. Su bakan da kuma watsi Lines qunshi characterizing da samuwar a general.

Cat ta Eye Nebula

Nature - Gwani a samar da m da kyau siffofin. Abin lura a wannan batun, a duniyar nebula, saboda kama mai suna Cat ta Eye (NGC 6543). Yana da aka gano a 1786 kuma shi ne na farko da masana kimiyya sun gano a matsayin girgijen glowing gas. Nebula cat ta ido located in da ƙungiyar taurari Draco da ya mallaka matukar ban sha'awa da hadaddun tsarin.

Yana da aka kafa game da 100 da suka wuce. Sa'an nan da tsakiyar star zubar da ambulan Lines da kuma kafa concentric gas da ƙura ne na hali zane abu. Don kwanan wata, za ta zauna har zuwa karshen gane ba ginshikai na mafi ma'ana da tsakiyar tsarin da nebula. Ana zargin da irin wannan tsarin da ake da bayyana ta da wuri a cikin zuciya na nebula na wani binary star. Duk da haka, yayin da bayanai, shaida cikin ni'imar da wannan Jihar harkokin, babu.

Halo na NGC 6543 da yawan zafin jiki ne game da 15,000 K. The core na nebula warmed up to 80,000 K. A tsakiyar star ne da dama sau dubu fiye da hasken rana.

wani imbin fashewa

"Special effects" M taurari sukan cika su rai sake zagayowar m. Babbar fashewar a kan ikon gubar da asarar mai luminary duk da matsanancin bawo. Su suna cire daga cibiyar a wani kudi a wuce haddi na 10 000 km / s. Karo na motsi al'amari tare da canzawa sa wani karfi karuwa a gas zazzabi. A sakamakon haka, da barbashi fara zuwa haske. supernova saurã ne sau da yawa ba mai siffar zobe samuwar cewa alama ma'ana, kuma nebulae na daban-daban siffofi. Abin da ya faru shi ne, saboda fitad da kaya a high gudun m siffofin clumps da kuma gungu.

Next dubban shekaru da suka wuce

Zai yiwu mafi shahara supernova alãma - ne kaguwa Nebula. The star cewa ƙãga shi fashe kusan shekara dubu da suka wuce, a 1054. Ainihin ranar da aka yiwu kafa a Sin tarihin, inda shi ne da aka bayyana a cikin flash a cikin sama.

Kaguwa halayyar juna na gas fitad da supernova kuma har yanzu ba su cikakken Mix tare interstellar al'amarin. The abu ne located a nesa na 3300 haske-shekara daga gare mu, kuma kara ci gaba a gudun 120 km / s.

A tsakiyar kaguwa Nebula supernova saura qunshi - wani neutron star, wanda fitarda electrons gudana cewa samar da ci gaba da polarized radiation.

gani nebulae

Wani irin sarari abubuwa kunshi cakuda sanyi gas da ƙura ne kasa da kansa emit haske. Nunawa nebula haske saboda kusa abubuwa. Yana iya zama wani star ko wani irin yaxuwa ilimi. Da bakan da warwatse haske ne guda a matsayin cewa na ta source, amma blue haske da shi predominates zuwa wani mai tsaro.

Da ban sha'awa sosai da irin wannan nebula hade da star Merope. Haske daga cikin Pleiades for baya 'yan shekaru miliyan, an lalata kwari da kwayoyin girgije. A sakamakon da star nebula barbashi an shirya a wani tsari da ake kõma zuwa gare shi. Bayan wani lokaci (ainihin ranar ne unknown) Merope iya hallakar da girgije.

duhu doki

Yaxuwa tsarin sau da yawa contrasted sha nebula. Galaxy da Milky Way yana da yawa daga cikinsu. Wannan sosai m girgije na turɓaya da gas mamaye haske zubar bãyansu watsi da tunani nebulae, da kuma taurari. Wadannan sanyi sarari samuwar yafi kunshi hydrogen atoms, ko da yake sun hadu da mutum abubuwa.

M wakilin irin wannan - Horsehead Nebula. An located a cikin ƙungiyar taurari na Orion. A halayyar siffar da nebula, don haka kama da doki ta kai, aka kafa ta da tasiri na da gagarumi iska da kuma radiation. The abu ne a fili a bayyane saboda da cewa ya bango ne mai haske watsi samuwar. A wannan yanayin, Horsehead Nebula - kawai karamin sashi na wani Extended mamaye girgije na turɓaya da gas, kusan ganuwa.

Godiya ga Hubble kawo nesa kusa nebula, ciki har da planetary saba yau da fadi da kewayon mutane. Images of sarari tashoshin, inda suke located, masu ban sha'awa da zuciyar kuma kada ku bar kowa sha'aninsu dabam.