Nitrogen yawa

Nitrogen - sinadaran kashi na lokaci-lokaci tsarin, kaddamarda da haruffa N da ciwon jerin lambar 7. Akwai kwayoyin N2, kunsha na biyu kwayoyin halitta. Wannan sunadarai ne a colorless, odorless kuma m gas kamar yadda yake inert karkashin tuta yanayi. Da yawa daga nitrogen karkashin al'ada yanayi (a 0 ° C da kuma matsa lamba na 101,3 kPa) ne daidai to 1.251 g / dm3. A kashi ne na yanayin duniya a cikin wani adadin 78,09% na ta girma. Yana da aka fara gano matsayin bangaren da iska Scottish likita Daniel Rutherford a 1772.

Liquid nitrogen ne cryogenic ruwa. A yanayi matsa lamba tana tafasa a - 195,8 ° C. Saboda haka, ana iya adana kawai a ware tasoshin, waxanda suke da karfe tankuna for liquified gas ko Dewar flasks. Kawai a cikin wannan harka da shi za a iya adana ko hawa ba tare da wani asara saboda danshin. Kamar yadda bushe kankara (liquefied carbon dioxide, in ba haka ba da aka sani da carbon dioxide), ruwa nitrogen da ake amfani da matsayin refrigerant. Bugu da kari, shi da ake amfani da cryopreservation na jini, sel haihuwar (maniyyi da kuma qwai), kazalika da sauran nazarin halittu samfurori da kuma kayan. Ya nema, kuma a asibiti yi, misali a cryotherapy a cire cysts da warts a kan fata. ruwa nitrogen yawa daidai 0,808 g / cm3.

Mutane da yawa industrially muhimmanci mahadi kamar nitric acid, ammonia, Organic nitrates (nakiyoyi, habaka) da kuma cyanides dauki kashi N2. Musamman karfi shaidu elemental nitrogen a cikin kwayoyin Yanã matsaloli ga ta sa hannu a cikin sinadaran halayen, shi ne saboda ta inertia karkashin tuta yanayi (zafin jiki da kuma matsa lamba). Ciki har da wadannan dalilai N2 ne na bayar da muhimmanci a da yawa kimiyya da masana'antu a filayen. Alal misali, shi wajibi ne don kula a wuri matsa lamba a cikin hakar man fetur ko gas. Duk wani wajen yin amfani da ko kimiyya aikace-aikace na bukatar sanin abin da yake da yawa daga nitrogen, a kuma wani matsin lamba da kuma yawan zafin jiki. Daga cikin dokokin kimiyyar lissafi da kuma thermodynamic an san cewa a m girma tare da karuwa a yawan zafin jiki za su kara matsa lamba da kuma yawa daga cikin gas, da kuma mataimakin versa.

Lokacin da ya sa muke bukatar mu san da yawa daga nitrogen? Lissafi na wannan siga da aka yi amfani da lokacin da zayyana matakai abin da ke faruwa ta amfani da N2, a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma a cikin masana'antu. Amfani da aka sani da darajar da yawa daga cikin gas, yana yiwuwa yin lissafi da taro na wani ƙarfi. Alal misali, an san cewa daukan gas girma a karkashin al'ada yanayi na 20 dm3. A wannan yanayin, yana yiwuwa yin lissafi da nauyi: m = 20 • 1,251 = 25,02 g Idan yanayin wasu fiye da misali, da kuma san girma na N2 karkashin wadannan yanayi, dole ne da farko sami (ga kundayen), da yawa daga nitrogen a tsare matsa lamba da kuma yawan zafin jiki, da kuma wannan darajar da aka sa'an nan ta tara da ƙarar shagaltar da ta gas.

Irin wannan lissafin suna da za'ayi a kan samar a shiri na kayan ma'aunan aiwatar raka'a. Su zama dole ga hali na fasaha matakai, selection na instrumentation, lissafi na fasaha da tattalin arziki da sigogi, da kuma more. Alal misali, bayan da tsayawa dukkan sinadaran samar na'ura da kuma bututu dole ne kafin bude da kuma m da za a gyara a yi kafararsa da wani inert gas - nitrogen (shi ne mafi arha, kuma mafi samuwa fiye da, misali, helium ko argon). Yawanci, suna cikin ƙaho a cikin irin wannan yawa N2, wanda shi ne sau da yawa a cikin juz'i na motocin ko bututun, kadai hanya zuwa cire daga tsarin na flammable gas da kuma vapors da kuma kawar da fashewa ko wuta. Wani shirin tsayawa aiki kafin gyara, m, sanin girma da kuma yawa daga cikin tsarin da aka wofintar da nitrogen, N2 calculates taro, wanda ake bukata don hurawa.

Don rage wuya da lissafin, wanda ba ya bukatar daidaici, real gas danganta zuwa wani manufa gas da kuma amfani da Avogadro ta dokar. Tun da nauyi na 1 mol na N2 numerically daidaita zuwa 28 grams, da kuma 1 mole na wani ƙarfi daga wani manufa gas bautarka 22,4 lita, da nitrogen yawa ne daidai da 28 / 22,4 = 1.25 grams / lita = 1.25 g / dm3. Wannan hanya ne zartar da sauri sami da yawa domin kowane gas, ba kawai N2. An sau da yawa amfani da hikimar tantance dakunan gwaje-gwaje.