Hydrofluoric acid

Hydrofluoric acid ne sau da yawa samar a cikin wani nau'i na 40% bayani, amma wani lokacin akwai 50% ko 72% mafita. Amma duk da haka shi ne ake kira mai hydrofluoric acid ko ruwa-ruwa hydrogen fluoride. Sunanta aka kafa ta fluorspar, daga abin da, bi da bi, su ne hydrogen fluoride.

Hydrofluoric acid - ta dabara HF. Gani, shi ne wani colorless ruwa, yana da wani kwayoyin nauyi na 20,0063 g / mol da wani yawa - 1.15 g / cm³. An halin zazzabi: narkewa - 83,6 ° C, tafasar - 19,5 ° C. Shi ne ba flammable da kuma sosai mai guba.

Abin da siffofin yana da hydrofluoric acid? Da dabara na wannan abu ya nuna cewa ya hada da sunadarin flourine da hydrogen a cikin tsarin. A nasa ne na biyu aji na da hadari, kamar yadda kafa da dissociation daga sunadarin flourine ne mai guba, kuma m ga muhalli.

Bayan rushe acid a cikin ruwa a wani adadin zafi ne 59,1 KJ / mol. Yana reacts da yawa karafa, game da shi, kafa fluorides. Ban sha'awa shi ne gaskiya cewa ko da karamin sashi na wannan acid da yake iya ragewan da sanyinsu na ruwa misali. A low zafin jiki hydrogen fluoride da wadannan mahadi da ruwa H2O · HF, H2O da H2O · · 2HF 4HF.

Duk da cewa da hydrofluoric acid nasa ne matsakaici ƙarfi acid, shi corrodes da silicate gilashin ganga. Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne kawai daya daga cikin ajin abu wanda reacts tare da silicon oxide Sio (2). Wannan oxide, bi da bi, shi ne babban kayan amfani ga gilashin samar. Hydrofluoric acid yana da wani sakamako a kan kakin zuma, don haka shi ne yadu amfani domin ta ajiya. A yanzu lokaci shi ne hawa da kuma adana kawai a cikin roba kunshin, ko sanya daga roba da kuma gubar kwantena. Babban taro (60%) acid iya ɗaukar su a karfi kwantena da aka yi da karfe.

Metals, wanda ba mai narkewa a cikin shi, shi kai, platinum, da zinariya. Fasaha hydrofluoric acid ƙunshi dama impurities, tsakanin wanda ya fi na kowa ne, kamar Fe, RB, As, kuma N2SiF6, SO2. Good tsaftacewa acid da aka samu ta hanyar mayar da shi zuwa ga potassium difluoride. Bugu da ari, shi ne bazu kuma narkar da dumama da hydrogen fluoride a ruwa.

Lokacin aiki a dakunan gwaje-gwaje amfani da kayayyakinsa, da kwantena na polyethylene kuma ptfe, da kuma babban kundin na hydrofluoric acid adana a karfe, m, hermetically rufaffiyar tankuna, da kuma tankuna ko cylinders ammonia irin, wanda ake bukata don samun m canza launi samuwa.

Hydrofluoric acid ne m ga lafiyar dan adam. Ta na da wani rauni narcotic sakamako a kan psyche. Idan saboda wasu dalilai da ta samu a cikin jini, a cikin wannan harka don kauce wa tsananin guba tare da wani canji a cikin ayyuka na narkewa kamar tsarin da na huhu edema. Ko hydrofluoric acid iya rushe zuciya aiki da kuma janar maye da kwayoyin.

A lamba tare da fata, ko idanu, shi sa m konewa har a low yawa. Musamman m sakamakon acid shigar azzakari cikin farji da kusoshi, don haka yi aiki tare da shi kawai bukatar sa safar hannu, kuma mai kyau mike.

Idan, duk da haka, da fata samu acid, sa'an nan da sauri kurkura shi da ruwan famfo da kuma yi wa tare da 2.5% alli gluconate matsayin gel. Amma cewa ba zai iya dakatar, ya kamata ka shawarci likita nan da nan. Ya sanya wani igiyar jini allura na alli chloride.

Inda ake amfani da wannan hatsari acid? A halin yanzu, shi ne rayayye a yi amfani da dutse da gazawar da silicate soke karafa kamar niobium, Tantalite, kuma zirconium. Yana abubuwa a matsayin mai kara kuzari ga hydrogenation da dehydrogenation, kazalika a yi na fluoropolymers, freons da fluorosulfonic acid. Ta samu ta aikace-aikace a cikin masana'antun man fetur. Ta aka bi da tare da rijiyoyin man fetur don bunkasa man fetur.