Abin da ya kunshi taurari a sararin sama? Nau'in na taurari da kuma su halaye

Don ido tsirara a cikin sama a kan wani moonless dare da su nesa da birnin ke gani a babbar dama taurari. Tare da taimakon da kawo nesa kusa za a iya lura har ma fiye da taurari. Professional kayan aiki domin sanin su launi da kuma size, da kuma luminosity. Tambayar "abin shi kunshi taurari?" Domin na dogon lokaci a cikin tarihi na ilmin taurari ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi rigima. Duk da haka, shi gudanar ya shirya. Yau masana kimiyya san abin da shi kunshi Sun kuma sauran taurari, da kuma yadda wannan siga canje-canje a cikin juyin halitta daga cosmic jikinsu.

hanyar

Domin sanin abun da ke ciki na taurari, da ilmin Taurari sun koya kawai a tsakiyar XIX karni. A sa'an nan a cikin arsenal na binciken sararin samaniya ya bayyana na analysis. The hanyar dogara ne a kan dukiyar da sunadaran daban-daban abubuwa emit kuma sha haske a wasu rawa mitoci. Haka kuma, a cikin bakan da bayyane haske da duhu makada located a ƙasa zuwa takamaiman abu.

Daban-daban haske kafofin za a iya bambanta da wani juna na sha da kuma watsi Lines. Na bincike da aka yi amfani da nasara domin sanin abun da ke ciki na taurari. Its data taimaka masu bincike fahimta da yawa daga cikin matakai abin da ke faruwa a cikin taurari da kuma m zuwa kai tsaye kallo.

Mene ne wani star a cikin sama?

Sun kuma sauran manyan malaman - wata babbar ja-zafi bukukuwa na gas. Stars an hada da yafi na hydrogen da helium (73 kuma 25% bi da bi). Aƙalla 2% daga cikin kayan da dama a kan mutum abubuwa: carbon, oxygen, karafa da sauransu. A general, yau da aka sani taurari da taurari suna sanya daga wannan abu a matsayin cewa daga cikin dukan duniya, amma da bambance-bambance a cikin yawa daga cikin mutum abubuwa, da taro na abubuwa da ciki matakai janye duk da bambancin da wani sarari suKe jikinsu.

A cikin hali na haske daga cikin manyan sharu ;; an da bambance-bambance tsakanin su taro da iri su ne wadanda mafi 2% na abubuwa, waxanda suke da mutum fiye da helium. A zumunta taro na karshen da aka kira da astronomical metallicity. A darajar wannan siga taimaka ƙayyade da shekaru na star da kuma ta nan gaba.

ciki tsarin

"Ciko" star ba watsar da Galaxy saboda sojojin na gravitational ƙanƙancewa. Sun kuma taimaka ga rarraba da abubuwa a cikin ciki tsarin jikinsu a wasu hanya. A cikin cibiyar, zuwa ga core, rush duk karafa (a cikin ilmin taurari, don haka kira wani abubuwa heavier fiye da helium). Star kafa daga girgijen turɓãya da gas. Idan kawai helium da hydrogen ba a shi, na farko core kafa da kuma na biyu - membranes. A wani lokaci a lokacin da taro ya kai wani m batu, zai fara wata Fusion dauki da wani star Lights sama.

Uku da al'ummomi na taurari da

Tsakiya, kunsha kawai na helium sun ƙarni na farko na haske (ma ake magana a kai kamar taurarin yawan III). Su aka kafa jim kadan bayan da Big Bang, da kuma halin da m girma m tare da sigogi na yau taurari. A lokacin kira a cikin ciki na helium ne a hankali kafa wasu abubuwa (karafa). Wadannan taurari kawo karshen rayuwarsu, yawo supernova. Abubuwa hada a su, sun zama gini tubalan ga na gaba haske. Domin na biyu ƙarni na taurari (Population II) ne halin da low metallicity. Ƙarami daga cikin shahararrun taurari a yau ya kasance a cikin tsara ta uku. Wadannan sun hada da Sun. A peculiarity na irin manyan malaman - wata babbar metallicity fiye da waɗanda suke a gabãninsu. Matasa taurari masana kimiyya sun ba da aka samu, amma ba za mu iya ce tare da amincewa da cewa su za a halin da ma fi girma adadin wannan siga.

juya siga

Wannan, abin da shi kunshi taurari rinjayar da tsawon rayuwarsu. Metals, nitsewa zuwa tsakiya, shafi na Fusion dauki. A more, da jima da star fitilu da kuma karami girman da ginshikin a lokaci guda. A saboda abin da na karshen al'amari ne m adadin kuzari jefarwa da irin wannan luminary da naúrar lokaci. A sakamakon wadannan taurari rayuwa tsawon yawa. Su stock na man fetur ne ya ishe yawa biliyoyin shekaru. Alal misali, bisa ga masana kimiyya da rana ne yanzu a tsakiyar ta rayuwa sake zagayowar. Yana ya kusa ga game da biliyan 5 shekaru, da kuma guda ne basu fito.

Sun kafa bisa ga ka'idar da kura girgije, cikakken karafa. Yana nufin da taurari tsara ta uku, ko, kamar yadda aka kira su, da yawan I. Metals a da ginshikin a Bugu da kari ga hankali konewa samar da uniform zafi, wanda ya kasance daya daga cikin yanayi na asalin rayuwa a duniya tamu.

juyin halitta na taurari da

Abun da ke ciki na haske ne ba m. Bari mu ga abin da shi kunshi taurari a matakai daban-daban na juyin halitta. Amma da farko, bari mu tuna abin da matakai da haske kafa daga farko zuwa karshen rayuwa.

A farkon juyin halittar taurarin suna located a kan babban Hertzsprung-Russell zane jerin. A wannan lokaci, da babban man fetur a core ne hydrogen sunadaran da aka kafa na hudu daya helium zarra. Mai ransa star ciyarwa a wannan jihar. A na gaba mataki na ci gaba - mai ja giant. Its girma ne muhimmanci fiye na asali, da kuma surface zazzabi, a akasin haka, a kasa. Sun-kamar taurari ƙare rãyukansu a cikin mataki na gaba - da suka zama fari dwarfs. More m fitilu juya zuwa neutron taurari ko baki ramukan.

A mataki na farko na juyin halitta

Fusion matakai a cikin ciki fitilu sa mulki daga mataki zuwa wani. Konewa na hydrogen take kaiwa zuwa wani karuwa a cikin adadin helium, ya kuma inganta da kwaya size da square na dauki. A sakamakon haka, yawan zafin jiki na star qara. A dauki fara daukar hydrogen baya ba da hannu a cikinta. Yana da wani take hakkin da daidaituwa tsakanin harsashi da core. A sakamakon, da farko ya fara fa] a], da kuma na biyu - kunkuntar. Lokacin da wannan zazzabi qara karfi, wanda tsokani konewa helium. Kafa gare heavier abubuwa: carbon da oxygen. The star aka zuwan kashe babban jerin da zama ja giant.

A gaba na sake zagayowar

A ja giant ne makaman da wani sosai kumbura membrane. A lokacin da rana ta kai wannan mataki, zai dauki dukan sararin sama zuwa ga ƙasã ta falaki. Game da rayuwa a kan wannan duniya tamu, a irin wannan yanayi, ba shakka, ba zai iya magana. A cikin zurfin na ja giant aka hada carbon da oxygen. The haske a kai a kai hasarar taro saboda wani gagarumi iska da kuma m pulsation.

Bugu da ari events ne daban-daban a cikin batutuwa da matsakaici da kuma manyan taro. Pulsations na farko irin sa taurãri dõmin su m bawo an dakatar da nunawa a duniyar nebula. The man fetur core ƙare, shi cools kuma zama wani farin Dwarf.

A ci gaba da supermassive taurari

Hydrogen, helium, carbon da oxygen - ba dukan, daga abin da shi kunshi taurari da manyan talakawa a karshe mataki na ci gaba. A mataki na ja giant taurari wannan cibiya ne matsa da tsananin ƙarfi. Tare da wani har abada kara yawan zafin jiki fara carbon kona, sa'an nan da kayayyakin daga gare ta. Sequentially kafa oxygen, silicon da na baƙin ƙarfe. Bugu da ari kira na abubuwa ba ya je, tun da samuwar baƙin ƙarfe mutum nuclei da makamashi saki ba zai yiwu ba. Lokacin da zuciyar taro kai wani daraja, shi ya rushe. The sama Lights sama supernova. A kara rabo daga cikin abu sake dogara a kan ta taro. A duniya scene iya samar da wata neutron star ko a baki rami.

Bayan fashewa da wani supernova hada abubuwa suna warwatse a kewaye yankin. Daga cikin wadannan, shi ne zai yiwu a wasu lokaci zai samar da sabuwar taurari.

misalai

Special ji taso idan dai itace ba kawai don gane sama saba manyan malaman, amma kuma ya tuna abin da aji su ne, abin da shi kunshi. Bari mu ga wasu daga cikin taurãri ne Big Dipper. A asterism guga kunshi taurari bakwai. The haske na su - shi Aliot da Dubhe. Na biyu haske ne a tsarin na uku aka gyara. A daya daga cikinsu ya riga ya fara kona helium. A wasu biyu, kamar yadda Aliot, located a kan babban jerin. Domin wannan ɓangare na Hertzsprung-Russell tambaya Gamma Ursae Majoris da Benetashem ma ya ƙunshi wani ladle.

The haske star a cikin dare sama, Shi'ira, yana da biyu aka gyara. Daya daga cikin su ne ke da babban jerin, na biyu - wani farin Dwarf. A ja giant reshe located Polluks (alpha Gemini) da kuma Arcturus (alpha Boötis).

Mene ne taurari kowane galaxy ne? Yadda yawa taurãri kafa daga halittu? Irin wannan tambayoyi ne quite wuya a amsa daidai. Daruruwan biliyan taurari mai karfi a cikin Milky Way kadai. Da yawa daga cikinsu an riga an sa a cikin ruwan tabarau da kuma nesa a kai a kai sami sababbi. Wannan, daga abin da gas kunshi taurari, mu ma kullum da aka sani, amma sabon hasken wuta sau da yawa ba dace da saba wakilci. Space har yanzu harbors yawa asirin, da kuma da yawa daga cikin abubuwa da dũkiyõyinsu jiran su discoverers.