A sauki sharuddan: da Higgs boson - abin da yake da shi?

A sauki sharuddan, da Higgs boson - barbashi ne mafi tsada da dukan lokaci. Idan samu na electron, misali, ya isa injin tube da kuma biyu daga m zukatanku, da search for da Higgs boson bukaci a kafa wani matukin jirgi makamashi da cewa yana da wuya gani a duniya. The Manyan Hadron Collider bukatar wani gabatarwar a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi shahara da kuma nasara kimiyya gwaje-gwajen, amma ya martaba barbashi, kamar yadda kafin, da aka tana tattare a cikin asiri ga masu rinjaye na al'ummar jihar. Ta aka kira Allah barbashi, duk da haka, godiya ga kokarin zahiri dubban masana kimiyya, ya kamata mu daina kai ta zama don ba.

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Mene ne cikin Higgs boson da kuma abin da ke da muhimmancin da ya samu? Me ya zama batu na sosai talla da misinformation kudi? Saboda dalilai guda biyu. Da fari dai, shi ne na karshe wanda ba a gane ba barbashi dole domin tabbatar da Standard Model na kimiyyar lissafi. Ta samu nufi da cewa wani tsaran kimiyya wallafe ba ta zama a banza. Abu na biyu, da boson ba sauran barbashi su taro, wanda ya ba shi wani muhimmanci na musamman da kuma "sihiri". Mun ayan zaton na taro a matsayin m Properties na abubuwa, amma lissafin kimiyya imani in ba haka ba. A sauki sharuddan, da Higgs boson - a barbashi, ba tare da wanda talakawa m ba ya wanzu.

wani filin

Dalilin ta'allaka a cikin abin da ake kira Higgs filin. An kwatanta da na Higgs boson, lissafin kimiyya saboda shi aka lasafta ga bukatun nasu theories da kuma lura, bukata gaban wani sabon filin, da sakamako daga wanda za a mika wa dukan duniya. Reinforcements shiriritar da sabuwar dabara na sabon gyara na duniya ne m. A baya, misali, wannan ya haddasa halittar ka'idar ether. Amma da mafi ilmin lissafi lissafin yi, da mafi kimiyyar lissafi to fahimci cewa Higgs filin, dole ne wanzu a gaskiya. Sai dai matsalar shi ne rashin m damar na lura da shi.

A misali model da kimiyyar lissafi na farko barbashi samu taro ta hanyar wani tsarin ba bisa kasancewar Higgs filin permeates duk sarari. Ya Halicci Higgs boson, ga wanda babban adadin makamashi ake bukata, kuma wannan shi ne babban dalilin da ya sa masana kimiyya bukatar zamani barbashi accelerators for high-makamashi gwaje-gwajen.

Inda ya aikata da nauyi?

A ƙarfi daga cikin rauni nukiliya hulda tare da kara nesa rage-rage hanzari. A cewar jimla filin ka'idar, wannan yana nufin cewa barbashi, wanda suna da hannu a cikin halittar - da W- kuma Z-bosons - dole ne salla, sabanin photons da gluons, wanda bãbu wani taro.

Matsalar shi ne cewa ma'auni theories aiki kawai massless abubuwa. Idan ma'auni bosons da taro, irin wannan jarrabawa ba za a iya basira m. Higgs inji zai kawar da wannan matsala ta gabatar da wani sabon filin, da ake kira Higgs filin. A high kuzari, da taro na ma'auni bosons ba, da kuma jarrabawa aiki a matsayin sa ran. A low kuzari filin tamkar da fasali da damar da abubuwa da nauyi.

Mene ne Higgs boson?

Higgs filin haifar barbashi kira Higgs bosons. Ka'idar nauyi ne ba a kayyade ba, amma sakamakon da gwajin shi aka ƙaddara cewa shi ne daidai to 125 GeV. A sauki sharuddan, da wanzuwar Higgs boson ta karshe ta tabbatar da Standard Model.

The inji filin da boson suna suna bayan Scottish masanin kimiyya Peter Higgs. Ko da yake ya kasance ba na farko ba da shawara da ra'ayi, da kuma, kamar yadda yakan faru ne a cikin kimiyyar lissafi, kawai juya a kira su, bayan wanda suka mai suna.

fasali BREAKING

An yi imani da cewa Higgs ne alhakin da cewa barbashi da cewa suna da wani taro ya kamata ba za a mallaki by shi. Shi ne duniya matsakaici, endowing barbashi ba tare da taro na daban-daban talakawa. Irin wannan fasali Breaking dangana da misalin haske da hasken - duk wavelengths a vacuo tafi a wannan gudun a kowane Prism wannan zango za a iya kasaftawa. Wannan, ba shakka, ba daidai ba misalin, tun fari haske hada da duk wavelengths, amma misali ya nuna yadda za ka ƙirƙiri wani filin wakilta taro Higgs fasali ta hanyar take hakkin. Prism karya fasali na gudun daban-daban wavelengths haske, raba su, kuma Higgs filin ne ya yi ĩmãni da karya da fasali na taro wasu barbashi wanda in ba haka ba symmetrically massless.

Yadda za a bayyana a cikin sauki da harshen da Higgs boson? Kawai kwanan nan, lissafin kimiyya gane cewa idan Higgs filin bai wanzu, zai bukaci wani dace m tare da kaddarorin da za a iya lura. Yana da aka zaci cewa wannan barbashi da aka bi don bosons. Higgs sauki harshe - abin da ake kira ƙarfi daga cikin m ne guda a matsayin photons, wanda su ne yan dako na electromagnetic filin talikai. Photons a hankali, suna ta gida excitations kamar Higgs ne gida zumudi na filin. The hujja da wanzuwar wani barbashi lissafin kimiyya da sa ran Properties sun kusan daidai da wani kai tsaye hujja da wanzuwar wani filin.

gwaji

Shekaru masu yawa na shiryawa a yarda da Manyan Hadron Collider (LHC) don zama wani gwaninta, mai m isa ya ƙi yarda da ka'idar da Higgs boson. 27 km zobe nauyi wajibi electromagnet iya hanzarta caje barbashi don wani gagarumin sulusi da murabba'i na gudun haske, haddasa wani karo na isa karfi su raba su a cikin aka gyara, da kuma zuwa deform da sarari a kusa da batu na tasiri. An kiyasta cewa, a lokacin da karo makamashi isasshe high matakin za a iya cajin boson haka da cewa zai karya da kuma shi zai zama a bayyane. Wannan makamashi da aka haka mai girma cewa wasu ma panicked da annabta karshen duniya, da kuma wasu sayar da fantasy haka da cewa gano Higgs boson aka bayyana a matsayin wani hango a cikin wani m girma.

karshe tabbatarwa

Harufan lura, shi da jũna, a gaskiya raina Hasashen, kuma babu alamun shi ba zai yiwu ba a gane barbashi. Wasu masu bincike da suka halarci a cikin yakin domin kashe kudi na biliyoyin daloli, ko da ya bayyana a gidan talabijin da kuma tawali'u, ya bayyana cewa da sukar wani ka'idar kimiyya ne kawai kamar yadda muhimmanci kamar yadda ta tabbatar. Bayan wani lokaci, duk da haka, ya fara dauki siffar a cikin ji na] aukacin hoto, da kuma Maris 14, 2013 CERN sanar da tabbaci na zama na barbashi. Babu dalilin zaton da wanzuwar mahara bosons, amma da ra'ayin yana bukatar kara nazari.

Bayan shekaru biyu, bayan da CERN sanar da gano da barbashi, da masana kimiyya aiki a kan Manyan Hadron Collider, sun iya tabbatar da wannan. A daya hannun, shi ne wata babbar nasara ce ga kimiyya, a daya bangaren masana kimiyya da dama sun taka rawar gani. Idan kowa da aka fatan cewa Higgs boson zai zama wani barbashi cewa zai kai ga m, kuma abin mamaki yankunan bayan Standard Model - supersymmetry, duhu al'amari, duhu makamashi - cewa, da rashin alheri, shi ba haka ba.

A binciken da aka buga a Nature Physics, ya tabbatar da lalata cikin fermions. A misali model predicts cewa, a cikin sauki sharuddan, da Higgs boson ne barbashi cewa ba taro don fermions su. CMS injimin gano illa collider karshe ya tabbatar da lalata cikin fermions - kasa quarks da tau leptons.

Higgs sauki sharuddan: abin da yake da shi?

Wannan binciken a ƙarshe ya tabbatar da cewa shi ne Higgs boson annabta da Standard Model na firamare barbashi kimiyyar lissafi. An located a yankin na taro-makamashi na 125 GeV, yana da wani juya, da kuma iya lalata a cikin wani jam'i na haske abubuwa - .. Daga nau'i-nau'i daga photons, fermions, da dai sauransu Saboda wannan muna iya amincewa ce cewa Higgs boson, wani sauki harshe magana, shi ne wani barbashi bada wani yawa kome.

Masanan basu ji dadin da misali hali na wani sabon bincike kashi. Idan ta auka kadan daban-daban, ya zai yi da aka hade da fermions in ba haka ba, kuma ya tashi zuwa sabon yankunan na gudanar da bincike. A daya hannun, wannan yana nufin cewa muna iya ba sun ci gaba da wani mataki bayan da misali model, wanda ba ya asusu na nauyi, duhu makamashi, duhu al'amarin da sauran m mamaki na gaskiya.

Za mu iya kawai yayata game da abin da suke kira. Mafi mashahuri ka'idar Susy, wanda ya furta cewa kowane barbashi na Standard Model yana da wani nauyi sosai superpartner (haka ne yin da 23% na duniya - duhu al'amarin). Sabunta collider tare da cire tallafin ta karo makamashi na 13 TeV, mai yiwuwa, zai ba da damar don gano wadannan superparticle. In ba haka ba supersymmetry yi jira domin gina wani ƙarin iko LHC gaje shi.

nan gaba masu yiwuwa

To, abin da zai zama da kimiyyar lissafi bayan Higgs boson? LHC kwanan nan ya sake buɗe tare da gagarumin ci gaban da kuma shi ne iya ganin kome - daga antimatter zuwa duhu makamashi. An yi imani da cewa duhu al'amari interacts tare da al'ada kawai da nauyi da kuma ta hanyar halittar da talakawa, da darajar da Higgs boson ne wani mažalli don fahimtar yadda wannan aiki. Babban drawback na Standard Model ne cewa shi ba zai iya asusu na da sakamakon nauyi - da irin wannan ƙirar zai iya za a kira Great hadade ka'idar - da kuma wasu yi imani da cewa barbashi da Higgs filin iya zama gada da cewa kimiyyar lissafi haka cike take kokarin samun.

A zama na Higgs boson aka tabbatar, amma kafin ta da cikakken hankali ne har yanzu sosai nisa. Karyata idan nan gaba gwajen supersymmetry da ra'ayin ta fadada zuwa sosai duhu al'amari? Ko za su tabbatar da kome da kome da karami daki-daki, da tsinkaya daga cikin misali model na da kaddarorin na Higgs boson tare da wannan yanki na bincike da za a kawar da har abada?