A samfurin a sociological bincike. Iri, iri, siffofin

Mutane da yawa kimiyya karatu daban-daban matakai a cikin al'umma, mutanen da ta halaye ga daban-daban mamaki da kuma matsaloli, interpersonal da kuma kungiyar dangantaka ne ba kawai msar tambayar ilmi tara da systematized a tsawon shekaru, amma kuma empirical nazarin cewa su ne musamman muhimmanci da kuma muhimmanci ga mafi a-zurfin nazari da kuma fahimtar da yawa zamantakewa matakai da mamaki. Empirical sociological nazari - wannan kam, da rajista da takamaiman zamantakewa halaye na facts zama dole domin fahimtar da nazari na wasu dangantakar, mamaki da kuma abubuwan dake faruwa a cikin al'umma. Ya bambanta daga msar tambayar ilmi cewa ba a sarrafa ta zumunta janar kimiyya theories, Concepts da Categories, da kuma bincika "live, real" mutane da hali, su farillai da kuma ra'ayin, yi. Irin wannan binciken ya zama dole domin ya sami wani karin cikakken, da gaskiya, abin dogara da kuma cikakken bayani game da aiwatar a karkashin binciken. Bugu da ƙari, empirical bincike - a da kafa kimiyya hanya, wanda dogara ne a kan wani musamman-kafa juna a cikinsa amfani da wasu fasahar, ciki har da kungiyar na samfurin ga binciken.

A ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a akwai uku da aka sani da manyan iri bayanai: general, na gida da kuma zabe gudanar da bincike. A karshen da aka fi sau da yawa amfani da sa shi sauki, yana rage vata lokaci da kuma sauran albarkatun. Yana da matukar muhimmanci don tsara wani dace samfurin, kamar yadda wannan zai dogara ne a kan daidaito da kuma objectivity na bayanai samu. A samfurin a cikin sociological nazari da za'ayi a cikin irin wannan hanyar da shi nuna irin nufi muhimmi a cikin dukan yawan (jama'ar na gari, kasar, da ma'aikatan na sha'anin, da dai sauransu). Saboda haka, dole bayanai da aka samu a lokacin da wani sociological binciken 300-500 mutane za a iya extrapolated ga daukacin jama'ar na birni da dukan ma'aikata na kamfanin, wanda zai dauki wani look at cikin karatu zamantakewa da tattalin arziki matakai a wani musamman yankin ko al'umma gaba.

A samfurin a cikin yanayin binciken da aka gina a wani takamaiman juna wadda dole ne a shirya ta wakilci, Ina nufin kimiyya daidaito, cikawa da kuma inganci na data samu a cikin binciken, da kuma yiwuwar extrapolating su zuwa ga general yawan mutane. representativeness tabbatar da matsaloli ne quite hadaddun da kuma la'akari da statistics. A wahala ta'allaka ne da cewa samfurin ne a cikin sociological binciken samar da ba kawai a gwada yawa misali daga wajan jama'a (watau mutane a cikin samfurin ya kamata isa ya ci gaba da data samu a lõkacin da binciken da za a iya mika wa al'umma a matsayin dukan), amma kuma high quality-wakilci (watau ya kamata a sallama zuwa duk kungiyoyin wanda ra'ayi ne mai muhimmanci domin wannan binciken). Saboda haka, Kalmar "Samfur" a ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a da aka dauke a cikin kamanni biyu. Da fari dai, shi ne batun da binciken daga wajan jama'a, da kuma abu na biyu, shi ne wani ɓangare na tara, da samuwar wanda dole ne bi da sharuddan da representativeness.

Gane daban-daban na samfurori. Yana iya zama maras wata-wata samfurin, a lokacin da wani gungun mutane suna zaba a kan tushen da voluntariness da kuma kasancewa. Mafi sau da yawa, irin wannan binciken da aka yi ta hanyar mail da kuma wallafe a kafofin watsa labarai. Shi ne mafi tattali da irin samfurin, amma kuma da kalla abin dogara, saboda shi ne kalla alhakin wakilin yanayi. Da aka fi amfani da irin - bazuwar daukan samfur. A wannan yanayin, yana yiwuwa su shiga a cikin binciken da duk wani memba na jama'a. Random Samfur da aka sanya yin amfani da bazuwar lambobin alluna ko inji caca selection. A karshe, akwai wani rabe ko ƙa'ida selection. Yana da aka halitta a dama, saukarwa. Na farko, wani janar samfurin da aka kafa tare da dukan zama dole sigogi a cikin binciken. To, akwai wani selection a cikin samfurin, shan la'akari da wadannan sigogi.

A samfurin da aka raba wani hali binciken ne kuma mai sauki daya-mataki, a serial, idan dauka a matsayin selection naúrar iyali, zamantakewa ko sana'a kungiyar, da dai sauransu, kazalika da Multi lokacin da weights selection faruwa a dama, saukarwa, msl, wani masana'antu - sha'anin - shagon - tawagar, da dai sauransu.

A tsararren daukan samfur, shan la'akari duk da sigogi na misali, taka wata babbar rawa a cikin sociological binciken. Bayan duk, bisa empirical data samu a cikin binciken kawai 10% na weights iya fahimtar hadadden tsarin dake faruwa a cikin al'umma a general.