Zinaida Gippius: biography, ban sha'awa facts, photos

Zinaida Nikolaevna Gippius - sanannen Rasha mawãƙi, marubuci kuma wallafe-wallafen sukar lamiri. Bayan karanta wannan labarin, za ka koyi game da ita rayuwa, kazalika da m wasiyya da aka bar Zinaida Gippius zuriyarsa.

Kwanan wata na haihuwar da mawãƙi - Nuwamba 8, 1869. Ta aka haife shi a birnin Tula lardin Belyov. Mahaifinta - wani bafada, a Russified Jamus, ya sau daya a sanannun lauya. Masu juna biyu Rasha mawãƙi kuma marubuci Zinaida Gippius ne jikanyar daga cikin manyan 'yan sanda daga Yekaterinburg. Gippius ilimi ba na din-din-din, duk da cewa daga wani matashi, ta karanta abubuwa da yawa.

Z. Gippius da Dmitry Merezhkovsky

A 1889, Zinaida aure sanannen mawãƙi DS Merezhkovsky. Ta bar Tiflis kuma su motsa tare da shi zuwa St. Petersburg. Shi ne a cikin wannan birni mai shekara kafin ta yi ta halarta a karon a matsayin mawãƙi. Kamar yadda masu yawa kamar yadda '52 ya rayu tare da mijinta Zinaida Gippius. An ban sha'awa biography wannan mace janyo hankalin connoisseurs na ba kawai da kansa m, amma kerawa da kuma mijinta. Ba abin mamaki ba, saboda Zinaida Gippius zauna tare da shi tsawon rai, ta ce, "yi mana wani bangare ... ko da rana daya."

"Decadent Madonna"

A farkon waqe na mu heroine muhimmanci da tasiri SJ Nadson. Amma sauri ta rinjãya ya Zinaida Gippius. Biography ta wani wuri shekaru alama ta halittar raba guda. Mahalarta taron na adabi rai na Rasha na biyu dajiya a kan nuna na karni da aka dauke da personification lalacewar m marubuci, kuma ita kanta - "decadent Madonna". Saboda haka an yi kira tun 1895, lokacin da an buga shi, "e kanka." "Ina son kaina kamar yadda Allah" - wannan magana na da ƙaunar zuwa maimaita Zinaida Gippius. Biography of mawãƙi ne sosai ban sha'awa daga ra'ayi na canza masks, matsayin. Ba wai kawai da image na "decadent Madonna" mafi elaborately gina Gippius da kuma shuka a sani wakoki masoya. Zinaida kokarin a kan da dama matsayin. Mun bayar da ku don samun saba da su.

canza matsayin

Zinaida Gippius - mawãƙi wanda a hankali zaton ta hanyar da ya wallafa da kuma zamantakewa hali. Ta lokaci zuwa lokaci canza rawa. Saboda haka, kafin juyin juya halin na 1905, domin game da shekaru 15, mawãƙi bayar da shawarwari jima'i 'yantar. A wannan lokaci ta haifa da "gicciyen sensuality" Zinaida Gippius. Kerawa da biography na mawãƙi gani da wuri. A ra'ayinsa na rayuwa, a "giciye sensuality," ta rubuta a 1893 a cikin diary. Bayan haka, ta zama wani abokin gaba na "uchaschey coci." A cikin diary a 1901, ta rubuta cewa "daya kawai zunubi - samoumalenie". A lokacin daga 1901 zuwa 1904 Gippius ya da Oganeza na addini da kuma falsafa taron, a da shirin ne "neo-Kiristanci" da aka gabatar, wanda ya yi daidai da ra'ayoyi da mijinta, Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Zinaida Gippius, biography wanda ya nuna da versatility na ta mutuntakarsa, da kuma ganin kansu a matsayin zakarun na ruhu na juyin juya hali, wanda faruwa saba wa "garke jama'a".

House Muruzi, dangantaka tare da AA block

House Muruzi wanda ya dauki Merezhkovskys, ya zama wani muhimmin cibiyar na zamantakewa da kuma addini-falsafa rayuwa a St. Petersburg. Ziyarar da aka dole ne a ga gravitating da symbolism na matasa marubuta da kuma manazarta. A dalĩli Gippius a cikin pool, ya ɓullo a kusa da Merezhkovsky, shi ne indisputable. Mafi yawa daga cikin mahalarta imani da cewa shi ya Zinaida taka wata muhimmiyar rawa a cikin dukkan ayyukansa. Duk da haka, kusan duk wani da gudu zuwa Gippius, kamar yadda rarrabe mawãƙi rashin ha} uri, da girman kai, kuma sau da yawa saka gwaje-gwajen a yan adam. Dangantaka tsakanin ta da AA Unit zama na musamman page a cikin tarihi na Rasha symbolism. A farko bazawa na kungiyar (a mujallar "New Way") da aka gudanar a karkashin laimar ta. Amma wannan ba ya hana a kaifi rikici tsakanin su a nan gaba, wanda aka sa da cewa suna da daban-daban halaye da al'amurran da suka shafi na ganawa da mawãƙi da kuma na jigon art.

Ayoyi biyu ganawa

A littafin mai suna "Collection of waqe. 1889-1903" da aka buga a shekara ta 1904 Zinaida Gippius. Biography of mawãƙi a cikin 'yan shekarun da aka alama ta wani sabon tarin. A 1910, a karo na biyu littafin, a cikin abin da aka gabatar da ayyukan halitta, a cikin tsawon daga 1903 zuwa 1909. Littafin na 1904 ya da wani babban taron a rayuwa na Rasha shayari. Ann I., amsawa ga shi, ya rubuta cewa a cikin ayyukan Zinaida buga duk 15-shekara tarihi na Rasha lyrical zamani. Babban taken ta ayyukansu, bisa ga Ann - "m lilo na Pendulum a cikin zuciya." VY Bruce, a fan of kerawa Gippius, alama da "iya karawa gaskiyarsu," wanda da mawãƙi kama wani tunanin jihohin, ya nuna ta rayuwa, "kãmamme rai."

kasashen waje

A 1905, akwai wani juyin juya halin, wanda ya bayar da gudunmawar, wajen} arfafa sentiments mallakar Zinaidoy Gippius. Merezhkovskys yanke shawarar in je kasashen waje. A lokacin daga 1906 zuwa 1908 da suka kasance a Paris. A nan, biyu ya kasance kusa da Muhãjirai yunkuri, cikinsu da BV Savinkov, wanda Zinaida taimaka a wallafe-wallafen gwaje-gwajen. A 1908 Merezhkovskys koma gida. Akwai su halarci wasu irin addini-falsafa al'umma, wanda ya hada da naúrar, Berdyaev, VI Ivanov.

wallafe-wallafen sukar lamiri

Zinaida Gippius a matsayin mai sukar lamiri da aka sani a karkashin pseudonym Anton Krayny. A farkon 1900s, ta kasance mai wa'azi na symbolism na shirin, kazalika da falsafa ideas a kan abin da shirin da aka gina. Kamar yadda wani da wallafe-wallafen zargi Gippius sau da yawa da aka buga a mujallar "Rasha arziki" da kuma "Balance". Top Articles zaba domin da marubuci halitta a 1908 littafin "Literary Diary". Ya kamata a ce cewa Zinaida Gippius (short biography da kerawa da suke tabbatar da wannan) tantance jihar na zamani Rasha art al'ada a matsayin dukan barnatar. Wannan halin da ake ciki, a ta ra'ayi, aka alaka da auka na zamantakewa akida da kuma rikicin na addini tushe, wanda ya rayu 19 ƙarni. Gippius ji cewa sadaukarwa na artist cewa zamani adabi ya kasa gane shi ne kai tsaye da kuma aiki da tasiri a rayuwa, wanda ya zama "ohristianitsya" kamar yadda wani hanyar fita daga cikin ruhaniya da kuma akida rushewar wanzu. Wadannan poetess ra'ayi da nufin da marubuta suka goya tare da wallafa gidan "Ilimi", karkashin jagorancin Maxim Gorky, kazalika da anti-adabi, wanda aka bisa ga al'adar gargajiya da labarun almara.

Tafakkuri Hippius ra'ayoyi a wallafe-wallafen kerawa

A cikin wasan kwaikwayo na heroine wannan labarin ya ƙunshi wannan kalubale ideas cewa su ne bisa wani m fahimtar humanism da ĩmãni a liberalism. Ga shi ya kamata a lura kafa a 1916 "Green Zobe". Har ila yau, wannan matsayin da aka nuna a cikin ta da labaru, a tattara a 5 collections. A 1911, Zinaida Gippius rubuta labari "Iblis Doll", abin da ya bayyana gazawar da imani a kyautata na jama'a a cikin lumana hanya da kuma a cikin zaman jama'a da ci gaba.

Hali zuwa Oktoba juyin juya halin da kuma ta tunani a cikin ayyukansu

By da Oktoba juyin juya halin da ya faru a 1917, ya mayar da martani tare da rashin jituwa da intransigence Zinaida Gippius. Taqaitaccen Tarihin mawãƙi gaba shekaru ne da kakkarfan dangankata da wannan taron. Mood, mallakar shi, an nuna a cikin littafin Gippius "Last Poems. 1914-1918," da aka buga a 1918, kazalika da a "The St. Petersburg Diary", wanda aka partially da aka buga a 1920 a cikin emigre periodicals, sa'an nan aka buga a cikin harshen Turanci (1975) da kuma Rasha (a 1982).

Kuma Gippius tsarin sautinsu da cewa lokaci, kuma a cikin shayari (da aka buga a 1922 da littafin "Poems. Diary 1911-1921"), da kuma a cikin wallafe-wallafen-m articles a cikin jaridar, "kowa hanyar", prevalent eschatological rubutu. Zinaida yi imanin cewa, Rasha da aka irretrievably rasa. Ta yi magana da zuwan Mulkin daga maƙiyin Kristi. Mawãƙi da'awar cewa bestiality bugãwa a kango na da al'adun da suka rushe a 1917. Blogs sun zama labarinsa na ruhaniya da kuma jiki mutuwa tsohon duniya. Wadannan Zinaida Gippius bi da matsayin da wallafe-wallafen Genre cewa yana daya musamman alama - da ikon kama da kai "sosai tafarkin rayuwa." Haruffa da kafa kananan abubuwa, "bace daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya," wanda a nan gaba za su yi zuriyar wani m hoto na events cewa sun zama wani bala'i a cikin tarihin kasar.

Katsewa na dangantaka da yarda da juyin juya halin

Haƙĩka, ƙiyayya da juyin juya halin a Zinaidy Gippius ya da karfi da cewa mawãƙi yanke shawarar kashe karya dangantakar da duk waɗanda suka riƙi shi - da Bryusov, Blok, A. Bely. A shekara ta 1925 tarihin bayyana sake zagayowar "Live Mutum", tushen abin da m scene - tarihin wannan rata, kazalika da maimaitawa na akida rikicin da ya kai ga abubuwan da suka faru na Oktoba 1917. A juyin juya halin ya kai ga makawa adawa da tsohon sãshensu waliyyai a cikin wallafe-wallafen filin. Wannan juyin juya halin da kanta da aka bayyana da Zinaidoy Gippius (saba wa Bloch, wanda ya gan shi a tsarkakewa hadari da ayoyi fashewa) a matsayin "m rashin nishaɗi" da kuma jerin monotonous kwanaki na "danko sosai hushi." Duk da haka, wannan na yau da kullum da aka haka girma cewa Zinaida da wani marmarin "makãho ne da kurmã". "Babban hauka" ne a tushen abin da ke faruwa, a matsayin mawãƙi tunani. A mafi muhimmanci, a ta gani, don kula da "karfi memory" da "kowa hankali".

Halittar zamani hijira

Ƙaura kerawa Gippius lokacin fara Fade. Zinaida more kuma mafi hakikance cewa da mawãƙi ba zai iya aiki yayin da baya daga mahaifarsa: "nauyi sanyi" mulki a ransa, ta ke matattu, idan "kashe wani shaho." A karshen ne a key misãli a karshe tarin waqe "Radiance", halitta a cikin shekara ta 1938. Yana Loneliness motifs ne m, da mawãƙi ganinSa duk idanu "tafiya da" (wadannan kalmomi suna fassara a cikin suna daga cikin muhimman ayoyi a cikin daga baya ayyukan Gippius, buga a 1924). A mawãƙi yayi kokarin zo sharuddan da duniya a gaban masõyansa bankwana da su, amma wadannan yunkurin an maye gurbinsu da matsayi na intransigence da mugunta da kuma tashin hankali. Bunin, Magana game da style of Zinaidy Gippius, wanda ba ya gane overt tausaya kuma sau da yawa gina a kan wani oxymoron, mai suna mawãƙi kerawa "lantarki shayari." Bita "Radiance", Khodasevich rubuta cewa "poetic kurwa" Gippius yaki da su da "unromantic hankali."

"Green Light"

Ka riga ka gani a cikin kungiya damar iya yin komai mallaki Zinaida Gippius. Biography, ban sha'awa facts, da kuma aikin ne sun fi mayar related to ta zamantakewa, wanda dade kusan har mutuwarsa na mawãƙi ne. A ta himma da aka tushen kamfanin da ake kira "Green Light", wanda ya wanzu daga shekara ta 1925 zuwa 1940. Dalilin da ya halitta - ƙungiyar na daban-daban wallafe-wallafen da'irori, da suke gudun hijira, da sharadin cewa sun raba da ra'ayin a kan sadaukarwa na 'yan qasar al'adu fiye da kan iyakoki na Rasha, wanda Gippius tsara a farkon ayyukan wannan da'irar. Ta kuma yarda cewa kana bukatar ka koyi gaskiya yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da kuma ra'ayi, kuma wannan ba zai yiwu, idan ka bi "umarninsu" outmoded m-humanist hadisin. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa "koren haske" ya ba free of akida rashin ha} uri. A sakamakon haka, daga cikin mahalarta taron akwai da yawa rikice-rikice.

A littafin ne game da Merezhkovsky, wanda ya rubuta Zinaida Gippius (biography)

A takaice kerawa Zinaida mu duba. Ya zauna kawai don magana game da ita latest littafin, wanda, da rashin alheri, ya kasance ba a kare ba, kazalika da na karshe shekaru na mawãƙi ne. Dmitry Merezhkovsky mutu a 1941. The mutuwar mijinta tsira da wuya Zinaida. Bayan mutuwarsa, ta yi ostracized, a cikin hanyar wanda - wani shubuha matsayi, wanda ta gudanar da farkisanci.

A karshe shekaru ransa Gippius ya aiki a kan tarihin rayuwar mijinta. Sai aka buga a 1951. A gagarumin ɓangare na littafin kishin Dmitriyu Sergeevichu - ya akida juyin halitta da kuma tarihi na ayyuka na addini-falsafa tarurruka. Satumba 9, 1945, ya rasu Zinaida Gippius. Poetry shi har yanzu na zaune a cikin zukãtansu na da yawa magoya na ta aikin.