"Revolver" (gun): tarihi, description, halaye

"Nagan" - wani bindiga, halitta gunsmiths daga Belgium 'yan'uwa, Emil (1830-1902) da kuma Leon (1833-1900) revolver. Wadannan makamai da aka sanya a wasu kasashe a cikin marigayi XIX - tsakiyar XX karni. Yana da aka yi amfani da soja makamai.

Tarihi na halitta

A ƙarshen XIX karni, kasashen da dama sun yi ta yayata game da rearmament na dakarunta. A waɗannan kwanaki, da alamar revolvers: da masu zaman kansu bindigogi short makamai hade da sauki daga cikin na'ura isa, abin dogara da kuma ninka da caji. A mayar da hankali Turai makamai samar ne birni na Liege, located in Belgium. Tun shekarar 1859, shi ya yi aiki a cikin ma'aikata da Leon da Emile Nagant. Shi ne mai kananan iyali bita, wanda ya gyara Dutch bindigogi da kuma wani lokacin har ɓullo da wani firearm.

A farko musamman revolver aka gabatar da yayana Emil Test Belgium soja sashen. Ya yanke shawarar yin amfani da matsayin jami'in da kuma wadanda ba izini jami'an 'makamai, aka kira "samfurin revolver a 1878". Wannan 9-mm bindiga a 1878 ya da wani shida lambar. Its sanye take da "dual-sakamako na'urar": da guduma cocked ko hannunka kibiya, ko ta latsa jawo.

Non-izini jami'an dakaru, sojojin doki da kuma karin kashi na Belgium Army yi imani da cewa "Nagan" - wani bindiga saman aji! Kuma lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, a cikin umarnin manual na m sojojin, shi da aka tsara da wani 9-mm bindiga "Nagant M / 1883" da gangan kaskanta yãƙi halaye: a yi, wani sabon abu, ban da harbi "DA yanayin." Kawai sa, tare da harbi da wannan samfurin ya da guduma cocked bayan kowane harbi.

A sakamakon haka, an sanya mafi 2-3 gyara daga daban-daban calibers da ganga tsawo. Bayan wani lokaci Emile Nagant tsanani da rashin lafiya da kuma gaba daya rasa idanunsa. Yanzu da babban aiki a kan kyautata na na'ura tsunduma Leon Nagant.

samfurin 1886

Saboda haka, mu yi nazarin "Revolver". Gun a 1886 auna kadan kasa da da magabata. Ya kasance abin dogara, da kuma zane ya zama technologically m. Wannan tsari a cikin jawo na'urar hudu marẽmari aka maye gurbinsu da daya dvuporuyu. Bugu da kari, da sabon samfurin la'akari da hali na makamai ci gaba a cikin shugabanci na ragewa zamo: masana zaba cikin rare a cikin waɗancan kwanaki, 7.5 mm tuhuma da smokeless foda.

A mafi muhimmanci matsalar da za a warware ya zuwa designers revolvers ne shigar azzakari cikin farji na propellant gas a cikin rata, wanda ya samar da wani ƙarshen gaban na drum da breech na ganga sashe.

Belgium armorer Anri Piper samu cancantar bayani: jawo masa firtsi, da drum koma a gaba kafin harbe-harben. Revolver Henri da musamman tsarin, akwai wani harsashi ne gaba daya a ɓõye, a cikin hannun riga, da obturator hannun riga bauta Dultsev cewa foda gas rarraba da guga man da kara tashar a lokacin da volley - wannan mataki da ya hana nasara gas.

Wannan mulki simplification tare da m na'urar da aka tura a kan ganga drum, Leon Naganov amfani a 1892 shekara. A karkashin sabon tsarin revolver ya ci gaba da cajin hannun riga, sanye take da wani dogon dulcitol. A abin da ya zama "Revolver"? wannan bindiga ya zama yanzu classic misali, da kuma m model ba su canza sosai a cikin tsarin.

na'urar

All revolvers "Revolver" da na kowa tushe da kuma Properties:

• The jawo na'urar damar biyu sakamako harba kamar yadda tare da guduma cocked, kuma tare da kai-cocking. The kawai ware ne "sojoji" da "NCOs" pre-neman sauyi kayayyaki, a cikin abin da kai-cocking inji ana katange don rage amfani da harsasai.
• Monolithic daya-yanki firam.
• Door, bude ɗakuna, ganga kaikaice juyawa. Exclusive ne kawai samfurin na 1910 a cikin abin da ƙofar swings baya da kuma sake da drum, karkatar da dama.
• Ganga domin kurãme saukowa ci da gumi a cikin firam.
• Ramrod lurking a harbe-harben matsayi na drum axis. Ya sa'an nan kammala harbi da aiki na extractor - ejects ciyar harsashi.
• Da na'urar da aka sanya a cikin wani firam da closable cover farantin.

Ganga da kuma hidima a matsayin store, da kuma jam'iyya a lokaci guda. A mafi tartsatsi da samfurin a cikin 1895 da kuma da dama na da bambancin drum ruwansa 7 zargin. A gaskiya, da gaban frame an saka wani m drum axis da kuma kulla cikinta shompolnye tube. Wannan bututu da ake sanya a gaban Drum: shi ne a haɗe zuwa wuyansa na kara haka cewa juya a kan shi, biyu a kan axis. Samfurori a cikin abin da drum ake tura kan ganga, tsohon yana da wata kõmãwa inji, a cikin abin da abun da ke ciki shi ne wani drum tube da kuma bazara.

A kulle na'urar ne wani drum a haɗe zuwa gefen dama na da firam. Its aiki da aka yi da wani spring-ɗora Kwatancen kofa. Lokacin shi ne bude (tilted a kaikaice) za a iya caji da dakatar da makami. Lokacin da kofa da aka rufe - shi rufe da aron kusa, hana cajin fada, da kuma godiya ga ta drum ba zai iya crank counterclockwise.

"Nagan" Battle a kan drum bakwai sheƙarsu da kuma tono ake bukata domin ƙofar leji a cikin rufaffiyar da kuma bude matsayi.

Kullum revolver inji ne yafi hada da aka gyara aiki a matsayin kulle inji da kuma juya ganga drum kashedi game: darjewa breech, da ƙugiya pawl kuma jawo tare da mainspring. Wadannan sun hada da kuma jawo inji.

Ba zato ba tsammani, a lokacin da na'urar kunshi gardama posted a gaban akwati rabo da kuma raya gani, da saiti Ramin da ciwon saman frame. Total na'urar revolver a 1895 tattara daga 39 abubuwa.

The jawo na'urar

Wannan makami sanye take da wani jawo jawo, biyu mataki. A lokaci guda kuma samar model tare da jawo, guda mataki. A wannan na'urar da dan wasan ne pivotally saka a kan jawo, leaf spring a haɗe fama - dvuporaya shi ne ya rike.

Annabi revolver kerarre tare da jawo. Fis ba, amma idan ba ka ja jawo, musamman abu ba da damar da a kori fil ka zo a cikin lamba tare da kwantena. Idan jawo shi ne cocked, yana amfani da wani musamman kulle inji, matsar da drum gaba makamai. The jawo a wannan lokaci stalled da drum haka da cewa shi ba ya juya.

ballistic Properties

Mene ne daidaito a revolver "Nagan"? Wannan makami gani kaddamarda kafa zuwa nesa na 25 m. Ya kamata a lura da cewa shi ne a nesa niyya ma'ana daidai da midpoint sakamakon. Daban-daban jinkiri iya fariya mabanbanta daidaito daga wuta hits:

A nesa m		tare da tsayawar		tare da makamai
11		4.0		7.0
18		5.6		9.0
25		7.2		13
36		11		19
50		14		-

A ƙarfi daga yaƙin

A cewar fakiti Pine katakai da wani kauri daga 2,54 cm da talatin da biyar matakai (25 mita) aka sanya idanu shigar azzakari cikin farji 3 allon - 100% na harsasai, allon 4 - 70%, katakan 5 - 25%. Allon aka sanya a nesa na 8 cm daga juna. Daya plaque ƙulli a nesa daga sama zuwa ɗari biyu matakai (140 m).

samarwa

Rasha Izhevsk makamai factory ƙera yanzu sosai high quality revolvers. Amma Swedish "Nagan" samfurin a cikin 1887 da aka yi a Belgium. Sha'awa, da 9-mm samfurin a cikin 1878 ya extolled da Belgium sojojin. Wannan ya gudummawar da popularization daga cikin iri factory "Revolver" a cikin kasuwannin duniya.

A wannan gun, halitta a 1895, kazalika da bambancin daga gare ta, samar da dama da makamai nazarinsa a ko'ina cikin duniya, wato da Rasha na mallaka makamai ma'aikata a Tula, da Yaren mutanen Poland birnin Radom, da Jamusanci "Enel" a Suhl, Belgium "Lepage", " Frankot "da" Bayard "," Arizmendi-Goenaga "a Spain da sauransu.

"Nagan" m sojojin Rasha

A ƙarshen XIX karni da Rasha Empire dauki m rearmament daga cikin sojojin. Mosin bindiga, saki a 1891, da aka zaba a matsayin misali kananan makamai. A lokacin, Rasha da aka wakilta bindigogi da aka rabu amfani da samfurin 4,2-mikakke (10.67-mm) Smith & Wesson bindiga System III, ci gaba a cikin 1880s.

Ko da hukumar kula da samar da kananan-zamo kamar bindigogi, wanda aka karkashin jagorancin Laftanar-Janar N. G. Chagin, ya shiga search for samfurori da alkawari. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa sabon sojojin revolver wadannan bukatun:

• M tsayawa iko. A waɗannan kwanaki, babban irin sojan doki sojojin da aka haka harbe a wani tasiri nesa (har zuwa 50 matakai) da ake bukata don buga saukar da wani doki.
• "Dakarun da yaƙi" ya kamata isa ya karya ta 4-5-inch Pine allon. low nauyi (0.82-0.92 kg).
• Zamo, da shugabanci, da lambar, da profile na rifling na ganga da kuma kamar ya zama m-line-sigogi Mosin bindiga. Saboda haka, samar da revolvers, za ka iya amfani da bindiga m kututturan.
• Revolver za a iya sanye take da wani kai-cocking da harbe-harben, in ba haka ba zai deteriorate daidaito.
• Harufan gudu da harsashi dole ne a kasa 300 m / s.
• A gun dole ba kyau kwarai daidaito.
• Wajibi ne cewa na'urar ne mai sauki da kuma fasaha.
• A makamai ya zama abin dogara, m to datti da kuma mummunar yanayi na aiki, sauki don kula da.
• Sleeves ya kamata a fitar da su lokaci guda amma a tarnaƙi.
• Da nufin inji za a iya tsara don haka da cewa yanayin da harsashi jirgin iya haye line na gani a nesa na 35 paces.
• A drum ya kamata a sanya a kalla bakwai zargin.
• Chuck sun kasance tare da harsashi harsashi, tagulla flange hannun riga da smokeless foda.

A general, kai-cocking da harbe-harben da kuma lokaci daya kau na ciyar harsashi ƙaryata saboda sun wahalad da na'urar (wannan yana da wani mummunan sakamako a kan AMINCI da darajar da revolver) da take kaiwa zuwa wuce kima amfani da harsasai.

By da sanarwa na gasar da yuwuwar babban bukatar mu nuna babban sha'awa cikin gida da kuma waje sculptors makamai. Akwai da dama gun model & Wesson Smith, revolvers da avtopistolety. A karshen wani tsanani yaki fara Belgium gunsmiths Anri Piper M1889 model tare da "Bayard" da kuma Leon Nagant M1892 tare. Af, na zamani iska bindiga "Nagan Gletcher NGT» ne mai replica na model, wanda ya lashe a gasar.

Leon Nagant canza su samfurin zuwa Rasha 7.62-mm zamo. Kamar yadda a 1883, ya soke kai-cocking da harbe-harben, tareda žata ingancin makaman daidai da da'awar daga cikin gasar.

six- da semizaryadnye revolvers - kawai biyu zažužžukan da aka samarwa. Pieper model da aka ƙi saboda da massiveness da unreliability na na'urar. A gasar da aka lashe ta Leon Nagant, mai yiwuwa saboda ganin cewa ya na da a Rasha, ma'aikatar tsaron ya dade-kafa dangantaka.

Revolver ga lamban kira ga revolver matse farashin na 75 000 rubles. Ya ba su iya samun kudi, kamar yadda ya hana. Yana da aka kara sake shirya wasan, amma tare da wani karin dabara yanayi. Yanzu, ban da sigogi na Prize: Ashirin da dubu rubles da naúrar na makamai da kuma dubu biyar ga cajin tsarin. Bugu da kari, ya lashe zaben da ya ba ni baby zuwa cikakken ikon mallakar gwamnatin Rasha, wanda ya samu dama don samar da shi, da kuma a nasu kasar da kuma kasashen waje ba tare da wani biya zuwa kirkiro.

Piper a gasar nuna sake sarrafa shi da wani musamman atomatik revolvers. Hukumar dauke su "m, amma witty." Revolver S. I. Mosina da shida kututturan aka kuma ba a karɓa. Polishing a gun Nagano inji sun kasa muhimmanci. Mun gudanar da wani kamanta gwajin da 4.2-mikakke gun Smith & Wesson, da kuma na'urar da aka amince. Sha'awa, bayan da soja gwaji jami'an so don samun wani gun da biyu sakamako na kai-cocking da kuma harbi.

Hukumar koma zuwa kai-cocking version na samfurin, amma ya ga ya mika wuyansu da nasara, don haka na yanke shawarar cewa bindigogi Rasha Ba dole ne a bayansa da irin bindigogi: kai-cocking ga shugabanni da ga farjõjinsu kuma ba izini jami'an - nesamovzvodny.

The na'urar sanya 'yan kananan canje-canje da kuma amince da shi a cikin bazara na 1895. Holster for "Nagano" wannan samfur da aka yi na zane. Yana Mans fata igiyar-trenchikom da wani ramrod for tsaftacewa makamai.

Iya 13, 1895 umurnin Nicholas II na "jami'in" da "soja" "Nagan" gun samfurori da aka soma da Rasha sojojin. Abin lura shi ne cewa soja sashen na makamai sun kasance a Yuni 1896 ƙa'ida yarda cikin sabis.

gyare-gyare

Da yawa wahalar samu izni ga bindigogi - shi wajibi ne ka kewaye da yawa azuzuwa. Kuma da yawa ba zai iya yi da shi, don haka mutane saya Pneumatic. Amma ba a janye jerin misalai na abin mamaki revolver "Nagan". A nan su ne:

• Nagant M1910 - 1910 Belgium samfurin makami na shekara. Yana yana lokaci daya hakar ciyar harsashi.

Martial model:

• Soja "Nagan" - wani mai ban mamaki 20th-karni da makamai tare da jawo nesamovzvodny na'urar. Da samar da daina a 1918.
• "Revolver", halitta jami'an, sanye take da kai-cocking jawo na'urar.
• Kafin Duniya hooks aka sanya iyaka sojojin a cikin wani karamin adadin: carbine integrally jefa tare da butt da ganga tsawon na 300 mm da wani revolver tare da m butt da ganga mika zuwa 200 mm.
• "Revolver" halitta kwamandojin, wani m revolver embodiment yi nufi ga concealable. Its kara an rage zuwa 85 mm da kuma rike taqaitaccen. A samfurin da aka ɓullo da a shekara ta 1927. Yana samar a kananan batches har 1932. Total samar game da 25 000 guda na wadannan kayayyakin. Bisa ga tsarin makamai da jami'an na OGPU da NKVD.
• Domin bincike da kuma ɓarna da gangan bataliya a 1929 shi an halitta ta wata bindiga da wani silencer -equipped inji silencers "Bram", ban da bayyanar da harshen wuta. Tsara yan'uwa IG da VG Mitin.
• Nagant wz. 30 - makamai tsara revolver a 1895, sanya sandunan. Daga 1930 zuwa 1939 ya fitar serially a Radom a wani makamai factory. Total Poland samar 20,000 guda na revolvers "Revolver" biyu samfurori: Ng wz.30 da Ng wz.32.

Sport model - wani makami na karni na 20th

Wadannan ban mamaki kayayyakin:

• Horar da revolver Nagant-Smyrna domin horo, ci gaba a 1926. Its zanen ne A. A. Smirnsky. Daga shekara ta 1925 zuwa 1939 shekara na wadannan kayayyakin kerarre 3,500 guda a karkashin 5.6 mm rimfire cajin.
• "Nagan" revolver aka halitta da wasanni a 1953. Its zanen ne VA Paramonov. Wannan samfurin da aka samar daga 1956 zuwa 1966. Total 8220 guda MC-4 da MC aka samar-4-1.
• TOZ-36 - wasa da makamai a shekarar 1962 samfurin shekara. Wannan tsari da aka tsara El Haydurov.
• TOZ-49 - wani bindiga samfurin a cikin shekara ta 1972, an sanya ga wasanni. Its tsara El Haydurov. An taqaitaccen drum karkashin taqaitaccen harsashi 7,62H26 mm.
• TOZ-96 shi ne wani fitarwa zabin TOZ-49 karkashin cajin .32 S & W Long Wadcutter. Yana kerarre tun shekarar 1996.

Wasanni da farauta model

Kuma yanzu dubi makamai wadannan samfurori:

• Carbine kr-22 "Falcon" shi ne wani misali da wani hira lura .22 LR. Wannan revolver "revolver" sanye take ganga tsawo zuwa 500 mm, itace kuma itace hannu da dantse integrally jefa butt. Wannan samfurin Tã 2 kg. Don yin shi ya fara a 2010.
• Bindiga "Thunder" shi ne a hira model, kerarre Ukrainian kamfanin "SBM". Wannan wasanni gun karkashin lura 4-mm Flaubert halitta horo.

Rundunar tsaro makamai

Mene ne "Revolver" traumatic da gas? A farkon 2000s, da dama bambancin da wadannan Pistols aka tsara, kerarre ta hanyar sauya fama "Naganov".

1. A Rasha nuna tsaron gida makamai wadannan: P1 a tagayyara "Naganych" a karkashin lura 9 mm kuma R. A. HPE-502 "revolver-M" a karkashin cajin 10H32 mm T karkashin cajin sabis a tagayyara RS 10H23 mm T.
2. A Ukraine, da gas da ake samarwa a rauni da kuma Pistols "birged kwamandan", "gangara 1 R", "D-Nagant" short "SKAT 1Rk" da "Revolver Rasha Federation."
3. iska bindiga "Nagan Gletcher NGT» sanya a cikin USA. Wannan gas-Silinda twin almara revolver.

Godiya ga na bincike da bukatun, na'urar makamin, da harbe-harben harsasai roba, akwai canje-canje hani harbi warheads.

Signal (amo) model

• HPE-503 "Nagan-S" ( "Bluff") - sigina bindiga a karkashin hula "Zhevelo". Sanya Vyatskiye Polyansky "Molot" shuka a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2006.
• "Revolver MR-313" (Nagano-07). A wannan samfurin, a kwatanta da "Bluff" modified kara hula na'urar (y sabon stub mafi nagartaccen contours). Wannan tsari ne sanye take da karami-diamita akwati, ta ba a kan frame serial number a cikin breech na ganga milling frame ba samar.

"Nagan MR-313" da aka sanye take da wani drum, wanda lambar ba ya ƙara sama zuwa ga lamba a kan firam. revolver hannun riga a karkashin "Zhevelo" ba guga man a cikin bẽnãye, da kuma ci da gumi a cikin thread.

Abin sha'awa, a 2008, da "guduma" samar da wadannan revolvers ya juya ya mayar da su cikin Izhevsk makamai factory.

• P-2 - a yi sigina makami karkashin hula "Zhevelo", na gaba model bayan "Bluff" da kuma MR-313. A manufacturer ne Kalashnikov damuwa.

A karshe, idan kun kasance ma m don samun izni ga bindigogi (ba mutane da yawa kamar ja tef), za ka iya saya wasanni "Nagant" a karkashin lura da Flaubert. Wadannan kayayyakin ake kora m, daidai kare da kau- karnuka ba sa bukatar wani yarda domin sayan da kuma saka.