Brownian motsi: wani bayyani.

A farkon matakai na raya kasa na ka'idar colloidal tsarin, an yi tunanin cewa kwayoyin sanadin motsi Properties musamman ga gaskiya mafita. Dogon lokacin da bincike ya nuna cewa wadannan kaddarorin ne muhimmi da colloidal mafita. An gano cewa tsakanin su akwai wani ingantaccen bambanci, kuma akwai kawai gwada yawa, wanda ya dogara da yafi a kan size da kuma siffar da colloid barbashi (micelles). Saboda haka, da bude daga cikin Brownian motsi a cikin wannan ma'ana shi ne babban muhimmanci.

A karo na farko (a 1827), Brownian motsi da aka yi karatu da harshen Turanci botanist Robert Brown. Kiyaye a ultramicroscope for pollen shuke-shuke, dakatar a wani digo na ruwa, da masanin kimiyya ya gano cewa microscopic barbashi na pollen irregularly (da ka), kuma ci gaba da motsa. Brownian motsi - a shiririta, m, ko wandar-wandar tafiyar maciji motsi na microparticles. Da yawa karatu sun tabbatar da cewa bazuwar motsi na kwayoyin ne ya sa ta barbashi size, zafin jiki da kuma danko na watsawa matsakaici. A wannan yanayin, da yanayin da abu yana da kusan babu sakamako a kan su motsi.

Brownian motsi da kuma na zamani kwayoyin-sanadin motsi ka'idar taya

Frankel da shawarar cewa hijirar na daya kwayoyin rearrangement nan kusa, kowanne daga abin o ƙarin zauna ta asali matsayi, wanda yake shi ne mafi m cikin sharuddan makamashi.

A sakamakon haka, ba zato kuma ci gaba da yunkuri na kai-yadawa aiwatar da kwayoyin faruwa. Narkar da a cikin wani ruwa microparticles (watsawa lokaci) yi wani motsi kamar guda a matsayin sauran ƙarfi kwayoyin (watsawa matsakaici). Saboda ci gaba da m motsi da suka matsawa rayayye, kuma kada ku kasance a cikin wani wuri.

Brownian motsi daga cikin barbashi da colloidal suspensions auku saboda thermal motsi na matsakaici kewaye da barbashi da su m lashe wannan kwayoyin. A sakamakon irin hare-haren microparticles da ka motsi a cikin sarari (fasa matsakaici). Wadannan gwagwarmayoyi ne sakamakon buga mataki don wani lokaci na karatu (daya na biyu musamman kwayoyin iya sha har zuwa 1020 shanyewar jiki). Ganin cewa a cikin kananan girman da kwayoyin ne daban-daban yawa na punches daga kusurwoyi mabambanta, suna motsi a cikin daban-daban kwatance. Tare da diamita na fiye da biyar micrometres na microparticles Brownian motsi kusan ba ya lura. Kara girman da kwayoyin nauyi na su garwaya da tura. Saboda haka, barbashi da wani babban kwayoyin nauyi (har zuwa biyar micrometers) yi kawai rotational vibration.

Brownian motsi da kuma yadawa

A sakamakon da Brownian kuma thermal motsi na kwayoyin faruwa jeri maida hankali a ko'ina cikin bayani girma. Yadawa zai iya faru a colloidal da gaske mafita.

A osmotic matsa lamba ne ya sa ta gaban micelles. Saboda da manyan size da kwayoyin da su qananan matsa lamba sosai low yawa. Hakika, da matsa lamba a cikin rabo daga analyte colloidal bayani sun fi mayar dogara ne a kan gaban impurities na daban-daban Wutan. Saboda haka, macromolecular mafita - polysaccharides, roba, gina jiki - at 10-12 bisa dari natsuwa da wani gagarumin osmotic matsa lamba. Godiya ga na musamman na'urorin (osmometry) da aka ƙaddara osmotic matsa lamba na jini jini, wanda yake a kan talakawan game da 25 mm Hg. An tabbatar da, cewa matsa lamba ne kai tsaye na gwargwado ga taro na narkar da abubuwa a colloidal ko gaskiya ne mafita.