The mai girma kawo canji na magani Virhov Rudolf: biography, kimiyya aiki

A cikin tarihi na magani, akwai mutane da yawa ba ta ministoci, wanda Ya halitta ka'idar hangen zaman gaba, sun za'ayi wani juyin juya halin da a cikin tsarin na ilimi. Ta haka ne yake dauke su kawo canji na Virhov Rudolf, Jamus sani akan cututtuka. Medicine bayan salula ka'idar da shi ga haske da wani sabon farkon fahimci pathological tsari.

Ilimi, PhD da mujallar tushe

Virhov Rudolf aka haife shi a 1821, a Shifelbeyne a Prussia (yanzu Svidvin, Poland). Mahaifinsa kananan mallaki gidaje. A cikin shekaru 16 Virhov Rudolf zama dalibi a Berlin Medical Institute. A makaranta ya sauke karatu daga cikin 1843. Bayan 4 shekaru, sa'ad da yake kawai shekaru 26 da haihuwa, Virchow samu doctorate. A wannan lokaci ya yi aiki a matsayin dissector daya daga cikin mafi girma a asibitoci a Berlin. Sa'an nan Rudolfom Virhovym da aka kafa a kimiyya mujallar da ake kira "Archives na pathological tiyata." Ya nan da nan lashe mai girma shahararsa a Turai, da kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ci gaban na ilimi a fagen magani a cikin karni na 19th.

A rahoton a kan halin da ake ciki a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland karkara

Shi ne m cewa a cikin matasa, a lokacin da yake tafiya zuwa Upper Silesia, wanda manufarsa shine ya kawar da Sanadin "yunwa" zazzabi cewa rinjaye a can, Virhov Rudolf ziyarci Pszczyna, Rybnik, Racibórz, kazalika da yawan ƙauyukanta. Bayan haka, ya halitta wani rahoto wanda a sarari ya nuna tsafta ci baya da talauci na gida Polish yawan jama'a. Rudolf nema don inganta rayuwar wadannan mutane, samar da ilimi da kuma kiwon lafiya. Ya buga wannan rahoto a cikin mujallar, wanda edita ya.

Bincike a cikin filin na cytology

A 1843, bayan kare doctoral sabawa rubuce-rubucensu, Rudolf soma nazarin salon salula da kayayyakin. Virchow duk rana ba su rabu da hange. aikin yi barazanar da makanta yi tare da babban babbar sha'awa. A sakamakon da ya harkokinmu, ya gano a 1846 glia Kwayoyin (na wanda qunshi kwakwalwa).

Lokacin da Virchow ya shigo ya fara ta bincike ayyukan, ci gaba cikin sauri cytology, watau kimiyya na sel. Da masu bincike sanya tabbata cewa degenerative Kwayoyin suna da yawa samu a lafiya dabbobi jikinsu. A lokaci guda a cikin nama ne kusan gaba daya hallaka da cutar, akwai lafiya. Virchow a kan wannan hasashe fara ɓullo da cewa adadin aiki na Kwayoyin cewa yin up jiki, shi ne ta aiki a matsayin dukan. Yana wani sabon look at ta aiki. Kawai cell aikin da mai bãyar da rai, ya yi tsammani Rudolf Virchow. Cell ka'idar yana da matukar ban sha'awa. Cutar da ake yi ĩmãni Virchow - shi ne ma rayuwa, amma sunã gudãna a cikin canza yanayi. Kana iya ce da wannan - jigon koyarwar Rudolf. Sai ya kira salula Pathology. Rudolf Virchow tabbatar da cewa wani cell za a iya kafa daga wasu sauran.

A tushe makaranta Psychologists

A cikin shekaru 28 da shekaru, a cikin 1849, Virchow ya zama shugaban sashen Pathology, located in Würzburg. A 'yan shekarun baya ya aka kira su zuwa Berlin. A Jamus babban birnin kasar Virchow ciyar da sauran rayuwarsa. An dauke da kafa makaranta na physiologists, ya yi imanin cewa jiki shi ne Naira Miliyan Xari da raba Kwayoyin, da kuma rayuwarsa - Naira Miliyan Xari da rayukansu. Virchow, don haka neman a jiki a matsayin wani abu kasu kashi sassa, tare da kasancewar kansa ba.

aikace-aikace Virchow

A 1847 Virchow aka ciyar da su, mataimakin farfesa. Bayan haka, ya fada cikin pathological ilmin jikin mutum. Kimiyya tsunduma bayyanãwa canje-canje faruwa a cututtuka daban-daban a littattafai substrate. Ya ba da muhimmanci sosai bayanin irin microscopic hoto na da waxannan cututtukan kyallen takarda. The masanin kimiyya yayi nazari tare da wani ruwan tabarau 26 dubu gawawwaki. Da kimiyya ra'ayoyi da ya wallafa a 1855. Ya buga su a cikin wata kasida "salon salula Pathology" a cikin mujallar. Saboda haka, a cikin 1855, Rudolf Virchow tabbatar da cewa ta rarraba uwa cell kafa sabon. Ya lura da cewa da irin wannan tsarin da duk Kwayoyin. Bugu da kari, a 1855 Rudolf Virhov tabbatar da cewa su ne homologue, domin suna da irin wannan tsarin da shirin da kuma wani na kowa asalin.

Ka'idarsa aka buga a 1858 a cikin littafin siffan, kunsha na biyu kundin. Sa'an nan din laccoci da aka buga. Suna farko ba a cikin wani takamaiman tsari bayanin irin babban pathological tafiyar matakai dauke daga wani sabon kwana. A sabon terminology an gabatar da wani yawan matakai, wanda aka kiyaye su kuma a yau ( "embologiya", "thrombosis", "sankarar bargo", da dai sauransu). Virchow Ya halitta yawa ayyuka a general nazarin halittu theme. Ya rubuta takardun a kan epidemiology cututtuka. Kuri'a na articles sadaukar da wannan masanin kimiyya autopsy hanya, pathological ilmin jikin mutum. Bugu da kari, shi ne marubucin da ya kumshe jini gaba ka'idar.

zargi ayyukansu

Lura cewa janar msar tambayar ra'ayoyi na masanin kimiyyar haɗu da wani yawan shike. Wannan ya fi zama gaskiya, na "personification na sel", watau ra'ayi cewa hadaddun kwayoyin ne a "cell Tarayya". Bugu da kari, da masanin kimiyyar dage farawa daga Naira Miliyan Xari da m raka'a a cikin "unguwa da ƙasa", wanda ya sãɓã, daga ra'ayoyi na Sechenov game da rawar da juyayi tsarin, wanda daukawa fitar da dokokin ayyukan. Sechenov yi imani da cewa Virchow raba daga yanayi da mutum kwayoyin. Rashin lafiya, ya yi imani, ba zai iya kawai a gani a matsayin wani take hakkin da harshen damo na wani rukuni na sel. Amma S. P. Botkin ya a fan of Virchow ka'idar.

Irin rawa da Virchow ka'idar a cikin ci gaban da magani

The masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa cutar ne sakamakon da rikice-rikice da suka faru a cikin "cell al'umma". Duk da cewa da shirme kawai da wannan ka'idar da aka tabbatar a cikin karni na 19th, duk da haka shi ya taka babban rawa wajen ci gaban na magani. Godiya ga shi, masana kimiyya sun iya fahimtar Sanadin yawa cututtuka, kamar ginshikai na abin da ya faru da ciwon daji, wadda a wannan rana ne bũlãlar bil'adama. Bugu da kari, Rudolf ka'idar bayyana Sanadin daban-daban kumburi tafiyar matakai da kuma rawar da cewa suna wasa cikin farin jini Kwayoyin.

Siyasa aiki Virchow

Ba kawai mai girma masanin kimiyya, amma kuma wani dan siyasa kuma ya kasance Rudolf Virchow. Tarihinsa ne alama ta wani yawan nasarori a wannan filin. Ya yi yaƙi domin ci gaba a kiwon lafiya da kuma kiwon lafiya a magani. A 1862 ya zama memba na majalisar dokokin kasar. Rudolph an Mafarin wani yawan sake fasalin a cikin Sphere na zamantakewa tsaro da kiwon lafiya. Alal misali, da gina sewers a birnin Berlin - shi ne zuwa ga bashi. Yana kasance cikakken zama dole a wancan lokaci, saboda kawai a 1861 daga cutar kwalara a nan ya mutu game da 20 da mutane dubu.

Ayyukan Rudolph a lokacin da Franco-Prussian War

A lokacin da Franco-Prussian War, wanda dade daga 1870 zuwa 1871, Rudolfom Virhovym aka shirya a kananan barikokin, filin asibitoci. Ya yi kokari ya yi haka, don kauce wa manyan yawa raunin saboda barazana daga cutar zazzabin asibiti. Bugu da kari, shi nasa ra'ayin shirya Virchow asibiti jiragen kasa nufi fitad da rauni. Rudolf Virchow a 1880, a matsayin mataimakin na Reichstag, ya yi magana da wani babban abokin gaba ne na manufofin da Bismarck. A 1902, ya shũɗe a gabãninku, da shekaru 81 da shekaru.

Ya zuwa yanzu, kimiyya bai manta da sunan "mahaifin na salon salula ka'idar," wanda shi ne Rudolf Virchow. Ya bayar da gudunmawar da ilmin halitta yale mu mu yi la'akari da shi daya daga cikin mafi kyau malamai na zamaninsa.