Elena Chukovskaia: biography, na sirri rayuwa, iyali, jana'izar

Elena Tsezarevna Chukovskaia sami daraja kamar yadda wani masanin da kuma sunadarai. Ta rayuwa da aka rinjayi da yakin duniya na biyu, maimaitawa, da kuma sauran hadaddun haske lokaci a Rasha tarihi.

jariri

Agusta 6, 1931 a cikin iyali na Kaisar Volpe da Lidii Korneevny Chukovskoy yar, wanda aka mai suna Helen. A 'yan shekaru bayan haihuwar iyayenta saki, to, uwarsa kusan nan da nan ta auri wani Matveya Bronshteyna.

Elena aka haife shi a Birnin Leningrad, ya. Duk da haka, a farkon yara ta shafe a cikin wannan birni kadan lokaci. A 1937, da Soviet likita, aka kama, da hukuncin kisa da aka kashe bayan wani taƙaitaccen fitina. The siyasa na jam'iyya mai mulki game da daga wanda aka samu da laifin kayyade yiwuwar a kama da dangi, a cikin wannan yanayin mahaifiyar Helena. Shi ya sa Lidiya Korneevna Chukovskaya yanke shawarar barin Birnin Leningrad, ya kuma tafi ya zauna a lokacin mahaifinsa Korney Chukovsky.

Rayuwa a Tashkent

A wartime Elena Tsezarevna da uwarsa shi aka kusan nan da nan kwashe zuwa Uzbekistan. Tare da su, da kuma tafiye-tafiye da dan uwan.

studentship

Babban kwatance na sana'a aiki Elena nã zãɓen sunadarai da kuma bayan yaki a 1948 sai ya shiga Faculty of Chemistry a Jihar Institute a Moscow. A wannan lokaci, kakanta aiki a kan rubutun Almanac "Chukokkala" abin a lokacin rashin lafiya taimake shi jikanyar.

Wannan kakan taimaka quite mai yawa da tasiri a nan gaba na adabi sukar lamiri. A cikin sirri diary Korney Chukovsky lura da cewa ya jikanyar ne da tsari da kuma a fili raba da kyau daga sharri.

sana'a zama

Bayan shekaru 6 na horo Elena Chukovskaya, wanda iyali da aka faruwa ta hanyar wuya sau, ta sauke karatu daga jami'a, a shekarar 1954. Kusan nan da nan, ta dauki kan aiki a cikin Research Institute of Organoelement mahadi, inda ta yi aiki har sai shekarar 1987.

A ko'ina cikin dukan zamanin da ta nuna kansa a matsayin mai talented sunadarai. A karkashin shugabanci na Robert H. Freidlin Chukovskaia a 1962 ya kare rubutun, da samun da kimiyya digiri na dan takarar sinadaran kimiyyar.

A cikin shakka daga aiki ci gaban da aka rubuta da dama kimiyya takardunku alaka kwayoyin sunadarai, Helen zama co-marubucin monograph.

A zabi na Faculty of Chemistry

A daya daga cikin tambayoyi Elena Chukovskaya gaya yadda sunadarai. A cewar ta, ya zabi ya fi mayar mai haɗari. Ya aka alaka da cewa makaranta da aka kammala a shekarar 1949 - da wani m lokaci domin al'adu. Popular mai yawa daga cikin matsalolin da dandana by mahaifiyarta da kakan, waɗanda aka fitar daga ko'ina, da kuma ayyukansu ba a buga. Wadannan al'amura prompted don zaɓar ta m aikace-aikace.

Domin Elena aiki na kakanta "Chukokkala" shi ya zama da gaske rai-juya hali. Sai bayan mutuwar marubuci kuma gado na Almanac shi ya tambayi wallafe-wallafe gidan "Art", da kuma shirye-shirye fara ga samfurin a buga su. A wannan lokaci, ta zama fi so wallafe-wallafen aiki: a sunadarai ta hanyar sana'a ya ban sha'awa aiki tare da fayiloli da bayanin kula, gyara aiki. A wannan lokacin da ta sadu da Solzhenitsyn. Wasu lokaci bayan da kwata na archives Aleksandr Isaevich rayu ne a farko a kasar, sa'an nan a cikin Chukovsky Apartment.

An ban sha'awa gaskiya za a iya kira da cewa a lokacin da kakansa zaune Elena Chukovskaia ba da hannu a cikin harkokin. Bayan gadon Rumbun ta ya kebe ta daga baya rayuwa ta adana da kuma wallafe-wallafe. Popular mai yawa na kwarewa da aka samu a cikin adabi a lokacin da kai-wallafe-wallafe da kuma rarraba aiki Solzhenitsyn da ke zaune a Ryazan. Ko a karkashin barazana da kama da kuma fitar da ayyukan da aka buga a asirce da ba bisa ƙa'ida ba rarraba a cikin babban birnin kasar da kuma sauran birane na Tarayyar Soviet.

Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen

Duk da babban babbar sha'awa a koyon ilmin sunadarai, kazalika da wani aiki sana'a aiki Elena Chukovskaia biya yawa da hankali ga wallafe-wallafe. Kamar yadda muka gani a baya, ko da a cikin shimfiɗar jariri, da shi ya rinjayi kakana, ya siffata Elena soyayya na adabi na daban-daban nau'o'i.

Bayan samun Masana Solzhenitsyn da kuma ayyukansa na Elena Chukovskaia farawa ba shi da wani daban-daban irin taimako. Don sadarwa, sun fara ne a cikin farkon shekarun 1960s da ci gaba ko da bayan fitar Solzhenitsyn daga Tarayyar Soviet.

Solzhenitsyn game da Elena Tsezarevne Chukovskaia

A cikin muqala "The Oak da Maraƙin" Solzhenitsyn a raba sashe da ake kira "Invisible Man" gaya game da taimako daga mutane daban-daban a cikin wani mawuyacin lokaci. A wannan sashe, da ya ce mafi game da tattaunawar da Elena a lokacin da suke zaune a cikin Tarayyar Soviet karkashin barazana kama.

A matsayin nasara sunadarai, Elena Chukovskaia, wanda biography ya ba ta kasance mai sauki, kuma cloudless, aired Jigo, shirya tarurruka da dama mutane hira daban-daban shaida ga tallace-tallace na ba bisa doka ba ayyuka na gwamnatin da Solzhenitsyn, Aka sake buga shi biyar kundin for shekaru 3. Bisa ga marubuci, ta kasance wajen tunani shirye kama shi, wanda zai iya tasiri a kan dukan da ya kusa da'irar abokai, amma ba ji tsoron wani abu. A taron na kama ta da aka ma shirye nuna hali a cikin wani hali da manufofin, wanda aka dogara ne a kan gaskiyar cewa babban abu - ba za a rikita batun a cikin shaida, kuma bai bukatar ƙaryatãwa game da shi. A muqala, an lura da cewa, a yanayin saukan kama Elena kamar yadda su wajen dalilin zai nuna gabatar da Rasha wallafe-wallafe.

An ban sha'awa gaskiya za a iya kira abin da suka kasance a kan da yawa batutuwa bai yarda ba, amma duk da wannan Chukovskaia taimake Solzhenitsyn da har zai yiwu.

Mutuwa K. I. Chukovskogo

KI Chukovsky mutu a shekarar 1968. All hakkin archives da kuma wallafe-wallafen da ayyuka gaji da 'yarsa kuma jikanyar. Duk da haka, duk da canja wuri na, da mutuncinsu, da matsaloli da yawa ga magada ya littafin na "Chukokkala", wanda ya halarci a cikin rubuce-rubuce na Elena a lokacin da dalibi shekaru. A farko edition da aka saki a 1979, da kuma kawai a cikin marigayi 90 ta Almanac aka sa a fitar a gaba ɗayansa.

A tarihin gwagwarmayar da littafin tsawon shekaru masu yawa. Wannan lokaci muqala "tarihin a kan Chukokkala" da aka keɓe ga Allah. Ya nuna yadda mutane suka kewaye marubuci a karshe shekaru ransa, kokarin kalubalanci dama daga cikin Almanac da kuma yanke shawarar kawo ayyukansu Chukovskogo ya tare da ita jikanyar.

House-Museum of Korney Chukovsky

A Peredelkino, inda ya rayu da marubucin na "Chukokkala" an halitta ta gida-gidan kayan gargajiya sadaukar da rayuwarsa da kuma aiki. A lokacin mutuwa, sa'an nan kuma hukumomi ba su kula ga mutane ta so a kiyaye da kerawa da kuma labarin marubuci, amma ya jikanyar da ya sa mai yawa kokarin bude da kuma kula da gidan kayan gargajiya. Shi ne yanzu, bayan mutuwar ta jikanyar, ya ci gaba da aiki.

A farko karfe shiryar kuma jikanyar Clara Israelevna Lozovskaya - sirri sakataren marubuci.

A shekarar 1996, uwar mutu Elena Tsezarevny Chukovskaia. Bayan ta mutuwa, ta fara aiki a kan ta archive da kuma littafin takardunku. A yin haka, yana taimaka wa zh. O. Havkina.

Publications Elena Tsezarevny Chukovskaia

Mafi shahara ayyuka, wanda ta fara wallafa a 1974, kamar haka:

1. "Ka kõma zuwa ga Solzhenitsyn Tarayyar Soviet kasa". Edition aka saki a 1988. Ya dogara ne a kan wani sirri dangantaka da marubuci, da kima da halinsa da kuma zama na gaba.
2. Collection of articles game Solzhenitsyn, wanda aka rubuta tare da haɗin gwiwar Vladimir Gloritserom. The tarin "The kalma sami ta hanyar" da aka saki a 1998.
3. Memories na Boris Pasternak (1988).

Kamar yadda muka gani a baya, wani mai rai Chukovskaia ƙwarai rinjayi sadarwar da Solzhenitsyn. Wannan da aka nuna a ta m aiki.

Mafi yawan lokaci a cikin makon da shekaru ta rayuwa ta kishin da shirye-shiryen da kuma littafin da ayyukan da aka rubuta da mahaifiyarta da kuma kakan. Its girmawa hali zuwa fayil sa da littafin da irin ayyukan da suna "The House of mawãƙi", "dash", "Diary" Korney Chukovsky, kazalika da sirri rubutu uba da 'yarsa, wanda Ya aikata da m aiki.

Sai aka buga mai yawa takardun, wanda shi ne mai sharhin da aikin da suka yi dangi. Domin ya fahimci wasu daga cikin ayyukan da wajibi ne a san abin da suka kasance sunã rubuta a wani lokaci na rayuwa.

Elena Chukovskaia: soyayya rayuwa

A cikin sirri rai na Elena Tsezarevny Chukovskaia komi ba ne da aka sani. All tambayoyi ta ba, a karshe shekaru ransa aka hade ne kawai tare da ta wallafe-wallafen ayyukan. Elena Tsezarevna Chukovskaia sirri rayuwar wanda aka rufe da wani mayafi na sirri, bayan rasuwar kakansa da mahaifiyarsa dukan iko kashe a da maimaitawa na iyali archive. Mun dai san cewa yara ta ba a hukumance aure bai fito.

Elena Chukovskaia: jana'izar

Elena Tsezarevna shũɗe a Janairu 3, 2015 a birnin Moscow a kan 83 ga watan shekara ta rayuwa. Yana da aka binne shi a Peredelkino hurumi, kusa da kaburbura na mahaifiyarta, kaka da kakan. Farewell fadi a kan Orthodox Kirsimeti biki, wani bikin da aka shirya a House na Rasha} asashen duniya. Ko da tare da Solzhenitsyn Elena bai yarda a kan al'amurran da suka shafi game da bangaskiya. Watakila haka ne, ko saboda idodi ba gudanar da coci jana'izar.