A dielectrics a cikin lantarki filin

A dielectrics a cikin lantarki filin yi bisa ga ciki tsari. Suna kuma kira ba conductors, tun da, kamar yadda aka sani, suna da abubuwa da ba su ma gudanar da wutar lantarki. Ba su dauke da free cajin yan dako wanda zai zama m motsi a cikin wannan dielectric.

Jigidar halittar - shi ne mafi karami barbashi na al'amarin da ya rike ta sinadaran Properties. Ta, bi da bi, shi ne kansa ya yi sama da kwayoyin halitta da gaskiya ma cajin tsakiya da kuma barnatar da cajin electrons. Kwayar Komayya matsayin dukan ne tsaka tsaki. Kamar yadda ka'idar covalent shaidu kafa a cikinta daya ko fiye da nau'i-nau'i daga electrons zama na kowa ga hada kwayoyin halitta, kwayoyin samar da zaman lafiya.

Domin kowane irin cajin - m (core) da kuma mummunan (electrons) - akwai wani batu, wanda, kamar yadda shi ne su "cibiyar nauyi" (lantarki). Wadannan maki ake kira da sandunan da kwayoyin. A al'amarin da cewa a kwayoyin na lantarki cibiyoyin nauyi na daura zargin: tabbatacce kuma korau - shi zai nonpolar (da ciwon ba dipole lokacin).

A tsarin da kwayoyin iya zama asymmetric, misali, akwai iya zama biyu jũna zarra, sa'an nan zuwa ga wasu har biya diyya kamata faruwa kowa biyu daga electrons zuwa ga daya daga cikin sunadaran. A bayyane yake, a cikin wannan yanayin, da m rarraba daura zargin (tabbatacce kuma korau) a cikin kwayoyin gubar zuwa mismatch na lantarki cibiyoyin nauyi. A sakamakon kwayoyin da aka kira na iyakacin duniya, ko da ciwon dipole lokacin.

Babban dũkiyar dielectrics ne su ikon polarize.
Dielectrics ake polarized a wani lantarki filin. Wannan yana nufin cewa su kwayoyin halitta, da electrons fara matsawa tare elongated falakinsu. A sakamakon haka, wasu daga surface da aka barnatar da caje, da sauran - gaskiya ma. Saboda haka, an lantarki filin a dielectric wanda daidai da kira ciki. Wannan shi ne, a cikin wutar lantarki filayen shafi dielectrics lokaci guda (ciki da kuma na waje) wanda a cikin wannan yanayin ne oppositely directed.

A resultant lantarki filin yana da wani ƙarfi daidaita da bambanci intensities na manya da ƙananan filayen. Ya kamata a lura cewa filin ƙarfi a cikin insulator, ba tare da la'akari da irin, shi ne ko da yaushe kasa da na waje lantarki filin wanda ya sa ta rabuwa.

A tsanani na rabuwa da yake a kai tsaye gwargwado ga permittivity na dielectric. The karami shi ne, na ƙasa da maida auku a wani dielectric rabuwa da karfi da lantarki filin cikinta.

The zargin bayyana ba kawai a kan surface amma kuma a kan dielectric iyakar, amma mika mulki a lokacin da a lamba tare da lantarki ne ba zai yiwu ba, saboda insulator sha'awar lantarki ta Coulomb sojojin.

A dielectrics a cikin lantarki filin idan shi ne karfi, kuma shi ne mai yiwuwa a kara tsanani, a wasu dabi'u zai karya ƙarfi, Ina nufin zai karya daga atomic electrons. Wannan zai kai ga ionization aiwatar dielectrics, dõmin su kasance conductors.

The girma na waje filin, wadda take kaiwa zuwa dielectric fashewa, shi ne ake kira da rashin lafiya irin ƙarfin lantarki. A m iyaka ƙarfin lantarki a da insulator karya - fashewa ƙarfin lantarki. Wani sunan da aka sani da iyaka danniya - dielectric ƙarfi.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa kawai dielectrics a cikin lantarki filin da wani ciki filin da ma vuya a lokacin da waje cire.