Platonic Academy a Florence kuma ta akida shugaban

Ba shi da wani m doka ma'aikata da aka ba daura da jihar ko da coci. Platonic Academy a Florence - son rai al'umma na free mutane, kafa daga daban-daban dabam, tare da daban-daban fasahohin da suka zo daga wurare daban-daban da suke cikin soyayya da Plato, Neo-Platonism, Filosofia Perennis.

Ga mu tattara da kuma ruhaniya wakilan (bishops, canons), da kuma wadanda mutane rãyukanku, kuma kasida, kuma painters, da kuma gine-ginen, da kuma Republican gwamnoni, da kuma abin da ake kira 'yan kasuwa na zamanin.

Platonic Academy a Florence (hoto da aka nuna a kasa) ya yi a wasu 'yan'uwantaka m talented mutane, wanda daga baya ya zama shahararren. Wadannan sun hada da: Marsilio Ficino, Cristoforo Landino, Andzhelo Politsiano, Mikelandzhelo Buanarotti, Pico de la Mirandola, Lorenzo da babba, Francesco Catania, Botticelli da sauransu.

Saboda haka, a wannan labarin, za mu je kai tsaye ga 'yan'uwantaka na baiwa, wanda aka kira "Platonic Academy a Florence" (shugaban - Ficino).

Preconditions na halitta

Impetus ga Tarurrukan da aka Brewing na wani tsawon lokaci. Duk da cewa wucin gadi kan iyakoki na zamanin an dauki XII -. A tsakiyar karni XVII, duk da haka koli, da apotheosis na faduwa a kan XV -XVI ƙarni. Cibiyar da aka Italiya, daidai, Florence.

A wannan lokacin, ta kasance a cikin sosai da baya na Turai al'umma da kuma al'adu. Shi ne, akwai da ya zo daga Jamus domin yin nazarin fasaha da na kimiyya. A Paris, da sababbin abubuwa da Florence janyo hankalin hankalin da furofesoshi, a Sorbonne, da ya ke ganin su kusan a matsayin "sabon bishara".

A muhimmanci irin rawa da birnin a lokacin karkashin review, aka bayyana ta R. Marseille. Ya yi imani da cewa wajibi ne a gane rashin yanayi na Tarurrukan irin wannan ko ina kuma. Yana Florence - kamar yadda cibiyar humanism, mayar da hankali haske - iya jawo hankalin duk ba tare da togiya, da mutum ruhu dũkiya. Yana wani wuri inda tara mafi daraja rubuce-rubucen, inda wanda zai iya saduwa da fice malamai. Bugu da kari, Florence gano su da wata katuwar art studio, inda kowa da kowa da ke sa samuwa iyawa.

Saboda haka, babu tambayoyi zama kamar dalilin da ya sa daidai Platonic Academy a Florence, wanda shugaba - Ficino, ya nuna duniya da musamman baiwa, ayyukansa sun sanya wani kwantantuwa taimako zuwa iri-iri na wurare na rayuwar mu.

West Athens

Don haka ya kira Florence na cewa bayan ci na Konstantinoful da Turks rũgũguwar fita zuwa al'adu da kuma ruhaniya richness na tarihin duniya. Daga guda "sufi kara" ya bayyana musamman sabon abu a cikin tarihi na al'adu a Italiya, da kuma Turai a matsayin dukan, da ake kira "Platonic Academy a Florence." Ficino - Platonic Falsafa - karkashin jagorancin shi. Wani sunan ga Academy - "Plato ta iyali," ta kasance, duk da haka takaice, amma quite m a cikin tarihi. Abu mai muhimmanci a taimake wannan sanannen shugabanni na Florence - Kozimo Medichi da jikansa Lorenzo.

A takaice dai tarihi na "Plato ta iyali"

Platonic Academy a Florence aka kafa a 1470 ta Cosimo sama. Wadata ganiya a zamanin jikansa Lorentso Medichi, da protruding memba. Duk da taƙaitaccen flowering na makarantar (shekaru 10), ya na da wani tasiri a kan al'ada da kuma ra'ayin Turai. Platonic Academy a Florence, wahayi zuwa gare ta shahara gabascin, artists, falsafa, masana kimiyya, da 'yan siyasa, masu kasida ya zamanin. Yana ba kawai wani wuri sosai ruhaniya taro, talented da kuma mai kaifin mutane. Za mu iya ce tare da amincewa da cewa Platonic Academy a Florence - a 'yan'uwantaka na kamar shiryayye mutane, da littattafai na jam'iyya wanda yake da mafarki na wani sabon, mafi kyau a duniya, mutum, nan gaba, don haka ya yi magana, da zinariya shekaru, wani cancanci yunkurin dawo da. Mutane da yawa kira shi filosofirovaniem, da kuma wani lokacin har a hanyarsa ta rayuwa. A takamaiman Jihar hankali, rai ...

Platonic Academy a Florence, da akida shugaban na wanda - Ficino, Halicci sabon ruhaniya sauyin yanayi, godiya ga wanda aka raya, tura model (ra'ayin), har yanzu gane da babban ideas na zamanin. Heritage bar ta "Plato ta iyali," shi ne babban. Platonic Academy a Florence - goyi bayan abin da ake kira labari na Renaissance. Za mu iya cewa ta labarin - labarin wani babban mafarki.

Platonic Academy a Florence M. Ficino

Ya kasance mai Falsafa, da kuma malamin, da kuma ilimin tauhidi da kuma wani fitaccen mai zurfin tunani na Renaissance, wanda yana da tasiri a kan ci gaba da falsafar XVII - XVIII ƙarni.

Marsilio aka haife kusa Florence (19.10.1433 g). Ya yi karatu Latin kuma Helenanci harshe, magani, falsafa. Early a kan ya zama sha'awar Plato (ya makaranta). Angarorin na Kozimo Medichi kuma magajinsa taka muhimmiyar rawa a gaskiyar cewa Ficino kishin kansa ne ilmin kimiyya.

A 1462 ya aka gane a matsayin wani tunani shugaba na Platonic Academy a Florence, da kuma a 1473 ya zama firist, ya gudanar da dama coci matsayi na daraja. Ransa aka katse a Careggi, kusa Florence (10/01/1499).

Karĩmi aikin Ficino

Marsilio ne kwantantuwa fassarorin a cikin Latin Plato kuma Plotinus. Su cikakken tarin a Yammacin Turai (da aka buga a 1484/1492 gg.) Sun kasance a high bukatar har da XVIII karni.

Ya kuma fassara da sauran Neoplatonists kamar Iamblichus, Porphyry, Proclus da sauransu., The Hermetic treatises vault. Popular sun da mafificin sharhin a Plato da rubuce-rubucen da Plotinian, kuma daya daga cikinsu (Plato ta tattaunawa mai taken "Biki") ya zama tushen da babban yawan muhawara game da soyayya a tsakanin manazarta, marubuta da kuma kasida da Renaissance.

A cewar Marsilio, Plato daukar soyayya a matsayin ruhaniya da dangantakar dake tsakanin abin da ake kira 'yan adam, wanda dogara ne a kan asalin ciki soyayya ga Ubangiji.

Platonic tauhidin da kurwa marar mutuwa,

Wannan ne mai babbar falsafa aiki na Ficino (1469-74 gg, 1st Edition -. 1482). Yana da wani sashe na rubutun (ladabi), inda koyarwar Plato, mabiyansa gabatar daidai da data kasance Kirista tauhidin. Wannan aiki (vysokosistematicheskoe samfurin ne Italian Renaissance Platonism ga duk) Yana zuwa da dukan duniya da 5 da muhimman hakkokin ka'idoji, wato:

• Allah;
• samaniya ruhu.
• a tsakiya m rai.
• quality.
• jiki.

Babban jigo na rubutun - da rashin mutuwa na mutum rai. Ficino yi imani da cewa aiki na mu rai - kallo, wanda ƙarasa da wani kai tsaye hange Allah, duk da haka, saboda a rare cimma wannan burin a cikin tsarin na Duniya, ta nan gaba rayuwa ya kamata a dauka a matsayin hakan ba, inda shi ta kai wurinta.

Famous ayyukan Ficino a addini, magani da kuma ilmin bokanci

Wide shahararsa ne irin wannan rubutun a matsayin "littafi na Kirista addini" (1474). Mu'amala Marsilio - mai arziki tushen tarihi, sada bayanai. Mafi yawa daga cikin haruffa su ne a gaskiya falsafa treatises.

Idan mun yi la'akari da wasu ayyuka, wanda suna kishin magani, ilmin bokanci, za mu iya rarrabe "Uku daga cikin littafin rai" (1489). Marsilio Ficino - daya daga cikin manyan Thinkers na kunno kai Renaissance, muhimmanci wakilan Renaissance Platonism.

Ji daga Allah da Ficino matsayi

A cewar Erwin Panofsky, ya tsarin ne wani wuri tsakanin scholasticism (Allah a matsayin illa na wani guntun duniya) da kuma latest theories pantheistic (Allah - ainihi daga cikin iyaka duniya). Kamar Plotinus, ya fahimci Ubangiji kamar yadda Daya ineffable. Ya ji daga Allah yake sauka ga abin da Ubangiji yake uniform, vseobrazen. Ya - da gaskiya, duk da haka, ba wani m motsi.

A cewar Ficino, Allah ya halicci mu duniya, "tunani kansa" saboda a cikin shi wanzu, to zaton, to nufin - duk guda. Ubangiji - ba a cikin sararin samaniya, wanda ba shi da wani iyaka, kuma haka iyaka. Amma Allah a lokaci guda a cikin shi saboda ganin cewa ya cika shi, alhali kuwa ba cike da kansa, domin shi ne mai cikar abu. Marsilio ya rubuta a daya daga cikin hirar.

Ficino: karshe shekaru ransa

A 1480-90 gg. Marsilio tana ci gaba da karatu "falsafar da mãsu taƙawa." Yana fassara a cikin Latin da kuma sharhi Plotinian "Ennead" (1484-90 gg., Buga a 1492), porfiriyskie ayyukansu, kuma Iamblichus, Tudun Arasa, Proclus (1490-92 gg.), Kuma wasu Psellos.

Ya nuna karfi da sha'awa a cikin wani wuri kamar ilmin bokanci. A 1489 Ficino wallafa likita da astrological rubutun da ake kira "A Life", bayan da zamanin] aular rikici da mafi girma da limaman na cocin Katolika, mafi daidai, da Paparoma Innocent Sabunta. Kuma kawai tsanani kariya kubutar da Ficino daga zargin karkatacciyar koyarwa.

Sa'an nan a 1492 Marsilio rubuta wani rubutun taken "Game da rãnã da haske", wanda aka buga a 1493, kuma a shekara kammala fassarar da hirar da Plato. Yana kawo karshen rayuwa na "iyali Platonovkoy" shugaban for commenting a kan ayyukan "Romawa" (Paul).

Platonic Academy a Florence: Landino

Ya kasance wani farfesa rhetoric. Ko a cikin matasa Cristoforo bambanta kansa a cikin poetic hamayya (1441). Landino wani aboki da kuma bada shawara ga Ficino. Cristoforo gane kamar yadda na farko daga cikin shahararrun sharhinsa na Virgil, Dante, Horace. Nan da nan ya sa Velikogo Dante, godiya ga shi, cikin duniya za su san game da wani mafarki (care) Academy: rehabilitate wannan mawãƙi, su aikata dukan abin da mutanen suka gane shi a matsayin daya daga cikin kwantantuwa kasida da kuma 'yan baiwa, wanda shi ne ya cancanci veneration a cikin wannan hanya kamar yadda Virgil, sauran halitta, a tarihin duniya.

Cristoforo rubuta wani jerin tattaunawa a Platonic Academy, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa suka yi sauko da mu sau.

Landino ta yi fice a treatises kawo wani kwantantuwa taimako ga al'amurran da suka shafi irin su "da rabo daga aiki rayuwa tare da contemplative rai" - na farko daga cikin manyan al'amurran da suka shafi da aka rayayye tattauna da masana falsafa na Renaissance.

A karshe yana da daraja ambata cewa fice al'umma shiryayye Renaissance aka dauke a cikin labarin, da aka sani da Platonic Academy a Florence (Tunani Jagoran - Marsilio Ficino).