Mene ne nukiliya fe?

A thermonuclear dauki - a nukiliya dauki tsakanin haske nuclei sunã gudãna a sosai high zafin jiki (mafi girma daga 108 K). Kamar wancan ne babban adadin kuzari a cikin nau'i na high makamashi neutrons da photons nuna alama - haske barbashi.

High yanayin zafi, kuma saboda haka manyan makamashi nuclei wanda yi karo da ake bukata don cin nasara da electrostatic shãmaki. Wannan shãmaki ne ya sa ta juna tunkuxe na nuclei (as kamar-caje barbashi). In ba haka ba dã ba su iya samun kusa da nesa isa ga nukiliya karfi (wanda yake shi ne game da 10-12 cm).

A thermonuclear dauki samuwar nuclei wanda ake karfi guda biyu da juna, na looser. Kusan duk wadannan halayen su ne halayen da fe (fe) m nuclei a nauyi.

A sanadin motsi makamashi ake bukata don cin nasara da juna tunkuxe da za a karu da karuwa a cikin nukiliya cajin. Saboda haka mafi sauki wuce fe haske nuclei da ciwon kananan lantarki cajin.

A yanayi, da Fusion dauki iya faruwa ne kawai a ciki da taurari. Domin ta aiwatar karkashin terrestrial yanayi dole ne a mai tsanani abu da daya daga cikin hanyoyin:

• makaman nukiliya fashewa.
• m katako na bombardment barbashi.
• m Laser bugun jini ko gas sallama.

Thermonuclear dauki, wanda shi ne a cikin ciki na taurari, da taka gaske rawa a juyin halitta daga cikin talikai. Da fari dai, daga hydrogen nuclei a cikin taurari suna kafa nan gaba sinadaran abubuwa, kuma abu na biyu, an makamashi Madogararsa star.

A thermonuclear dauki a cikin Sun

A rana ta matsayin farko makamashi Madogararsa protrude proton-proton dauki zagayowar lokacin da hudu protons haife daya tsakiya na helium. A samar da makamashi wanda aka saki a lokacin kira, aka kwashe ta kafa nuclei, neutron, neutrinos da kamfani mai suna Quanta na electromagnetic radiation. Karatu neutrinos zuwa daga rana rafi, masana kimiyya iya sanin yanayi da kuma intesnivnost nukiliya halayen da faruwa a cikin hedkwatarsu da.

A talakawan tsanani da makamashi na rana ta duniya nagartacce ne negligible - kawai 2 erg / s * g (1 gram na hasken rana taro). Wannan darajar da yawa karami fiye da gudun electrowinning a vivo a lokacin misali metabolism. Kawai saboda da babbar nauyin na Sun (1033 g * 2) The total ikon radiated da su shi ne wani gagarumin darajar a matsayin 4 * 1028 watts.

Saboda da babbar size da taro na rãnã da sauran taurari, da kuma jini riƙewa matsalar da aka warware a thermal rufi ne fi dacewa: halayen faruwa a zafi core, da kuma zafi canja wuri ya auku tare da wani sanyi surface. Kamar haka taurari iya sarrafa makamashi a matsayin nagarta sosai a cikin irin wannan jinkirin aiwatar, kamar yadda proton-proton sake zagayowar. A nazarin sasannin yanayi, irin halayen ba m.

Fusion makamashi - tushen nan gaba

A wannan duniya tamu, shi ya sa hankalta to tambaya da amfani kawai da mafi tasiri Fusion halayen - musamman da kira na helium da tritium nuclei Leiter. Irin wannan halayen a gwada manyan sikelin ne m ya zuwa yanzu kawai a cikin gwajin fashewar na hydrogen ragargaza. Duk da haka, kullum gudanar da duk sabon aukuwa domin yadda ya kamata a samar da zaman lafiya da iko. Al'ada nukiliya ikon utilizes da lalata dauki, kamar yadda a wani thermonuclear makamashi da hannu kira. A wannan Fusion dauki yana da yawan abũbuwan amfãni a kan dauki na nukiliya fission.

1. Lokacin da Fusion halayen shi ne zai yiwu a kauce wa daukan hotuna na radiation a matsayin makamashi samfurin a cikin wannan yanayin ne "tsabta" makamashi na haske.

2. Inã rantsuwa da yawan samu makamashi thermonuclear matakai nisa outperform na al'ada nukiliya dauki, wadda ake amfani da zamani nukiliya.

3. A domin ya kula da dauki na nukiliya fission, na bukatar m monitoring na neutron juyi, ko za a iya bi ta wani uncontrolled sarkar dauki, barazanar bil'adama. Domin Fusion makamashi amfani maimakon na high zazzabi neutron juyi, duk da haka irin wannan kasada bace.

4. The makãmashin thermonuclear halayen harmlessly, kamar yadda sun yi tsayayya da bazuwar kayayyakin man fetur na nukiliya nukiliya.

Ba haka ba da dadewa, American masana kimiyya sun iya ƙirƙirar aiki model na wani thermonuclear dauki a cikin abin da makamashi fitarwa na da sau ɗari da makamashi. Shi ne mai kyau aikace-aikace na kara nasara "taming" na Fusion makamashi.