A wasu lokuta, da dissociation m bai sa hankali?

Sunadarai ne mai tarin kwayoyin halitta da cewa suna da nasaba da juna ta wani doka, ko fiye daidai, kowane daga cikinsu shi ne wani tsarin kunshi nuclei da electrons. Idan tsarin da aka hada da daya da irin sunadaran, sa'an nan shi za a iya kira guda-core, idan daban-daban na kwayoyin halitta, da neodnoyadernoy. Wadannan electrically tsaka tsaki tsarin. A sakamakon waje tsoma (zafin jiki, haske, radiation ko iyakacin duniya sauran ƙarfi kwayoyin da dipole rabuwa) ya ƙãrẽwa sunadarai. Cations da anions a wadda karkashin mataki na kwayoyin na iyakacin duniya sauran ƙarfi (ruwa) kwayoyin decompose abu (electrolyte) ne ba electrically tsaka tsaki. Duk wani tsarin o ƙarin tabbatar da cikakken hankalinsa. A rauni Wutan misali ya nuna cewa dissociation halayen ne reversible. Domin karfi Wutan, wannan sanarwa ne ba dace, tun da kusan dukkan kwayoyin dissociate cikin ions. The hali na tsarin to ma'auni aka bayyana da electrolytic dissociation Khao ↔ K • x + y + • DUNIYA da kuma nuna dissociation m KD = [K +] x • [A] v / [Khao].

Daga sama lissafi: da more undissociated kwayoyin, da karami da dissociation akai, da kuma mataimakin versa. Duk da haka, wannan ba ya shafi karfi Wutan da aka samu zuwa ba kara, amma rage-rage tare da kara maida hankali KD. Wannan shi ne saboda ba a rage yawan karya kwayoyin da kuma kara tsakanin oppositely caje barbashi, juna janye karfi saboda da raguwa a nesa tsakanin su saboda da ƙara maida hankali da mafita. Saboda haka, da ikon na karfi Wutan dissociate cikin ions auna Manuniya kamar da bayyana mataki na dissociation, da CD bai nema, kamar yadda ba ya sa hankali. Don wani bayani da wani rauni electrolyte yana da wata ma'ana a yi amfani, da kuma mataki na dissociation, saboda da ragewa taro rabo na barranta da kwayoyin da jimlar yawan lalata da aka kara, amma shi ba ya faye hali sakamakon da electrolyte. Su ikon dissociate cikin ions nuna dissociation akai, tun da shi ne kawai ya dogara da bayani zafin jiki da kuma yanayin da sauran ƙarfi, wato, KD ne akai ga wani musamman abu Khao.

Bayyana ruwa (daga halitta kafofin, ko da daya da cewa gudana daga famfo) ne ba su da tsabta. Pure da ruwa ya ƙunshi wani hydronium ion [H3O + 1], kuma hydroxide ions [OH-1]. Suna kafa daga biyu kwayoyin na ruwa: H2O + H2O ↔ H3O + 1 + OH-1. Wannan wuya ya faru, saboda ruwa ne kusan ba dissociate cikin ions, kamar yadda wani rauni electrolyte. A ma'auni, da maida hankali hydroxide ions da hydronium ions ne: [H3O + 1] = [OH-1]. A tsari ne reversible. Ruwa kullum wanzu a matsayin cakuda kwayoyin, hydroxide ions da hydronium ions mamaye ruwa kwayoyin da ions ba a kawai alama. Constant dissociation na ruwa da aka bayyana, ta lissafi: KD = [H3O + 1] • [OH-1] / [H2O] • [H2O ].

Acid dissociation a cikin bayani na nufin bazuwar na protons H +, da kuma wani acidic moiety. Dissociation polybasic acid Saide a dama matakai (inda cleaved daya kawai hydrogen cation), kowane mataki halin da darajar m KD. A mataki na farko hydrogen ion aka shafe fiye da saukin fiye da a m, saukarwa, sai m daga wani hãli tayi. A dissociation m KD ne wani nuna alama na acid ƙarfi acid: karfi acid da hakan KD darajar da mataimakin versa. Bayan kai ma'auni aiwatar lalata kudi da kudi na kwayoyin ne daidai. Domin karfi acid iya amfani da (tare da kawai ion-ion hulda sojojin a mafita na da karfi Wutan) dokoki da sinadaran ma'auni yin lissafi KD a 25 ° C. Domin hydrochloric acid (HCI) KD = 10000000, hydrobromic (HBr) KD = 1000000000, hydriodic (hj) KD = 100000000000, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) KD = 1000, nitric acid (HNO3) KD = 43,6, acetate (CH3COOH) KD = 0,00002, tsianovodorodnoy (HCN) KD = 0,0000000008. Sanin Properties na acid da kuma gwada tare da KD dabi'u ba, shi za a iya bayar da hujjar cewa dissociation m, da hakan da karfi acid.