Janar Dmitry Karbyshev, Hero na Tarayyar Soviet: A Biography. Ft Janar Karbysheva

Future Hero na Tarayyar Soviet Dmitry Karbyshev aka haife shi a 1880 a Omsk. Ya yi aristocratic asalin: mahaifinsa aiki a matsayin hafsan soja. Lokacin da shugaban iyali ya mutu prematurely, da yaro da aka sani kawai shekaru 12 da haihuwa da kuma kulawa da shi ya fadi a kan kafadu na uwa.

yara

Iyali mallakar Tatar tushen da kuma mallakar da kabilanci da addini, kungiyar Kryashens masu ce Orthodoxy, duk da Turkic asalin. Dmitry Karbyshev ma yana da wani mazan ɗan'uwansa. A 1887 aka kama shi ga takara a neman sauyi na motsi da dalibai a Kazan University. Vladimir aka kama, da kuma iyali samu kanta a cikin wani rushewa.

Duk da haka, Dmitry Karbyshev iya gama da Siberian yar jam'iyyar kadet Corps saboda su, talanti kuma} o} arin. Bayan wannan makarantun bi Nikolaev injiniya makaranta. Yana kuma matasa soja ya nuna kansa. Karbyshev aka aika zuwa iyaka zuwa Manchuria, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan shugabanni a cikin kamfanin, shi ne alhakin telegraphy.

Sabis a cikin fadar sojojin

A kan Hauwa'u na Rasha-Japanese War, a junior jami'in samu daraja da leftana. Tun farkon rikicin makamai, Dmitry Karbyshev aka aika zuwa gudanar da bincike. Ya sharewa sadarwa, alhakin da yanayin da gadoji a gaban kuma dauki bangare a wasu fadace-fadace muhimmanci. Saboda haka, ya samu kansa a cikin m na fashewa yakin Mukden.

Bayan yaki, ya taƙaice zauna a Vladivostok, inda ya ci gaba da bauta wa a cikin bataliya. A 1908-1911 gg. wani jami'in horar da a Nikolayev Soja Engineering Academy. Gama da shi, sai ya tafi Brest-Litovsk a matsayin kyaftin, inda ya halarci gina da Brest sansanin soja.

Tun wadannan shekaru Karbyshev ya a kan yammacin iyakar kasar, ya samu kansa a gaban yakin duniya na farko daga cikin sosai farko ranar ta sanarwa. Mafi yawa daga cikin jami'in ta rayuwa da aka gudanar a karkashin jagorancin sanannen Alekseya Brusilova. A da Kudu-Western Front, inda Rasha yake yaƙi da Austria-Hungary, da sãɓãwar launukansa nasara. Alal misali, Karbyshev halarci nasara kama daga Przemysl, kuma a Brusilov nasara. A kwanaki na ƙarshe na yaki Karbyshev ciyar a kan iyakar kasar da Romania, inda ya shiga a karfafa tsaron gida matsayi. A cikin shakka daga shekaru da dama a gaba, ya gudanar a samu harbe a kafa, amma har yanzu ya koma zuwa ga tsarin.

Faruwa a cikin Red Army

A watan Oktoba 1917, a Petrograd juyin mulki, bayan da Bolsheviks zo da wuta. Vladimir Lenin so na kawo karshen yaki tare da Jamus maza maza su tura dukan sojojin zuwa yãƙi ciki makiyan: fari motsi. Don yin wannan, shi ya fara wani m farfaganda, da yakin neman zabe ga Soviet da iko a sojojinsa.

Daidai Karbyshev samu kansa a cikin sahu na Red Guard. A da shi, ya kasance alhakin shirya na tsaron gida da aikin injiniya ayyukansu. Musamman mai yawa Karbyshev sanya a cikin Volga yankin, inda a 1918-1919. Ya gudu da Eastern Front. Basira da kuma ikon injiniya taimaki Red Army samun da qafafunku a cikin yankin da kuma ci gaba ta gaba wajen Urals. Karbysheva aiki girma wuni a nada 5th Army na Red Army a kan daya daga cikin manyan mukamai. Yakin basasa, ya gama a Crimea, inda ya ke da alhakin injiniya aiki a Perekop cudanya da sashin tare da babban yankin.

Tsakanin Duniya Wars

A lokutan zaman lafiya da 20s da 30s Karbyshev tsunduma a cikin koyarwa a soja da kwalejojin da ma ya zama wani farfesa. Lokaci-lokaci, ya halarci aiwatar da muhimmanci kayayyakin ayyukan tsaro. Alal misali, muna magana ne game da "Stalin ta Lines".

Tun farkon da Russo-Finnish War a 1939 Karbyshev bayyana a hedkwatar, inda ya rubuta shawarwari ga nasara tsaron gida Mannerheim Line. A shekara daga baya ya zama Lieutenant-Janar kuma Doctor of Soja Sciences.

A lokacin da ya na jarida da Karbyshev rubuta game da 100 ayyuka a fannin aikin injiniya. A cewar litattafan da koyarwa AIDS shirya yawa Red Army masana up har yakin duniya na II. Musamman mai yawa lokaci kishin nazarin Karbyshev janar batun na mugun gudu up kõguna a lokacin fadace-fadace. A 1940 ya shiga cikin CPSU (b).

Jamus talala

A 'yan makonni kafin fara girma Patriotic War, Janar Karbyshev aka aika zuwa bauta a hedkwatar 3rd Army. Ya kasance a Grodno - sosai a kusa da kan iyaka. A nan ne na farko naushe na Wehrmacht aka aiko lokacin da Yuni 22, 1941 ya fara wani aiki to blitzkrieg.

A 'yan kwanaki baya da hedkwatar soja da kuma Karbyshev aka kewaye. Ƙoƙarin tserewa daga tukunyar jirgi ba nasara, da kuma janar aka raunata a Mogilev yankin, a kusa da Dnieper River.

Da zarar in bauta, ya kasance mai yawa taro sansanonin, na karshe daga wanda ya Mauthausen. Janar Karbyshev wani mashahuri gwani da kuma kasashen waje. Saboda haka da Jamus daga Gestapo da SS kokarin ta hanyoyi da dama da ya lashe a kan wa gefe ba hafsa matashi mai iya wuce muhimmanci da bayanai zuwa Jamus hedkwatar kuma taimaka wa Reich.

The Nazis ĩmãni, su da sauƙi iya lallashe Karbysheva hadin gwiwa tare da su. The jami'in ya daga nobility, ya bauta wa a tsarist sojojin shekaru da yawa. Wadannan siffofin tarihin rayuwa iya cewa Janar Karbyshev - bazuwar mutane a Bolshevik da'irori kuma gladly yi yarjejeniya da Reich.

60-shekara jami'in sau da yawa a cikin Bayani tattaunawa kai ga dacewa hukumomi, amma da tsohon mutum ya ki yin hadin gwiwa tare da Jamusawan. Kowane lokaci, ya amincewa bayyana cewa Tarayyar Soviet ta yi nasara a yakin duniya na II da Nazis suna ci. Babu wani daga cikin yi bai ce fursuna karya ko rasa zuciya.

a Hammelburg

A cikin bazara na 1942 Karbyshev Dmitry Mikhailovich aka canjawa wuri zuwa Hammelburg. Yana da aka musamman taro sansanin kama sanda. Ga gare su, su haifar da mafi dadi mai rai yanayi. Saboda haka, Jamus jagorancin kokarin lashe kan high-ranking jami'an na abokin sojojin, wanda dadin girma girma a gida. A lokacin yakin a Hammelburg aka ziyarci ta 18 dubu Soviet fursunoni. Kowannen su suna da babban soja da darajõji. Mutane da yawa suka rushe bayan barin mutuwa sansanonin da kuma samu kansu a cikin wani dadi da kuma dace wuraren da ake tsare, inda m tattaunawa suke tare da su. Duk da haka Karbyshev Dmitry Mikhailovich bai amsa wa makiya m magani da kuma ya kasance da aminci ga Tarayyar Soviet.

Domin janar aka sanya a cikin wani na musamman mutumin - Kanar Pelit. Wannan jami'in na Wehrmacht a lokacin aiki a cikin rundunar sojojin Tsarist Rasha, da kuma mai kyau da ilmi na Rasha harshe. Bugu da kari, ya yi aiki tare da Karbyshevo a lokacin yakin duniya na farko a Brest-Litovsk.

Tsohon aboki kokarin samun dama hanyoyin Karbyshev. Idan ya ki kai tsaye hadin gwiwa tare da Wehrmacht, sa'an nan Pelit miƙa shi daidaitawa, misali, yin aiki a matsayin tarihi da kuma bayyana da ayyukan soji na Red Army a halin yanzu yaki. Duk da haka, irin wannan bada shawarwari ba zai iya aiki a kan jami'in.

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa da farko da Jamus so Karbyshev shi kuwa ya tsaya a kai na Rasha Liberation Army, wadda daga ƙarshe ta jagoranci Janar Vlasov. Amma yau da kullum da ba-gwiwa sanya kasuwanci: da Wehrmacht watsi da ra'ayin. Yanzu a Jamus an jira akalla cewa fursuna ya amince ya yi aiki a Berlin kamar yadda mai muhimmanci da dabaru gwani.

a Berlin

Janar Dmitry Karbyshev, wanda biography aka hada da m relocations, har yanzu ya da wani dadi morsel ga Reich, da kuma Jamus ba rashin fatan zan samu na kowa harshe tare da shi. Bayan da gazawar a Hammelburg suka fassara tsufa a Kadaitaccen kurkuku a Berlin da kuma gudanar da akwai for makonni uku a cikin duhu.

Wannan ya yi a kan manufar su tunatar Karbyshev cewa ya iya zama wanda aka azabtar da ta'addanci a kowane lokaci, idan ba ka so a yi aiki tare da Wehrmacht. A karshe, cikin fursuna da aka aiko zuwa binciken for karshe lokaci. A Jamus ya nemi da taimako na daya daga cikin mafi daraja masana a cikin soja aikin injiniya. Yana da aka Heinz Rubengeymer. Wannan sananne gwani a cikin pre-yaki lokaci, kamar yadda Karbyshev, aiki a kan wani monograph a kan su overall profile. Dmitry Mikhailovich kansa bi da shi tare da girmamawa da aka sani a matsayin girmamawa gwani.

Rubengeymer yi da takwaransa nauyi jumla. Idan Karbyshev amince su hada kai, ya iya samun kansa zaman kansa Apartment da cikakken tsaron tattalin arziki saboda da taskar Jamus jihar. Bugu da kari, da injiniyoyi bayar da free samun duk dakunan karatu da kuma tarihinmu a Jamus. Ya za a iya tsunduma a cikin msar tambayar nazarin ko yin aiki a kan gwaje-gwajen a fagen aikin injiniya. Kamar wancan Karbyshev yarda da tattara a tawagar masana-mataimaka. The jami'in zai zama wani leftana-janar a rundunar sojojin Jamus jihar.

Karbysheva feat shi ne cewa ya ƙi dukan shawarwari na abokan gaba, duk da wasu sosai naci yunkurin. Da shi amfani da dama hanyoyin lallashewa: wulakanci da flattery, alkawarai, da dai sauransu A karshen, ya miƙa kawai msar tambayar aiki ... Wannan shi ne Karbyshev ba ko da a zarga Stalin da Soviet shugabanci. Dukan abin da aka bukata daga gare shi - zama m cog a cikin tsarin na uku Reich.

Duk da kiwon lafiya da matsaloli, da kuma mai ban sha'awa shekaru, Janar Dmitry Karbyshev da wannan lokaci ya ce mai kauri ƙi. Bayan da cewa, da Jamusanci jagorancin shi ya ba up da kuma rubuta kashe a matsayin mutumin fanatically duqufar da Twisted hali na Bolshevism. Yi amfani da wadannan mutane don nasu dalilai Reich iya ba.

Don naƙudarta

Karbysheva na Berlin da aka canjawa wuri zuwa Flossenburg - taro sansanin, wanda aka mamaye da m umarni, da kuma fursunoni ba tare da katsewa akwatin gawa kiwon lafiya a naƙudarta. Kuma idan irin wannan aikin hana saurã daga sojojin na matasa fursunoni, za ka iya tunanin yadda wuya ya ga mazan Karbysheva, wanda ya riga saba'in.

Duk da haka, da ya kwana a Flyussenbyurge ya taba koka sansanin management a kan matalauta yanayi. Bayan da yaki, Tarayyar Soviet gane sunayen da heroes, ba a karya a cikin taro sansani. The m hali na janar shaidawa yawa fursunoni da suka ziyarci tare da shi a kan wasu jobs. Dmitry Karbyshev, a feat wanda ake yi a kowace rana, ya zama wani misali su bi. Ya shuka fata Allah wadai fursunoni.

Saboda da dabarun jagorancin Janar canjawa wuri daga sansani guda zuwa wani, sabõda haka, an ba zuga zukatan sauran fursunoni. Saboda haka sai ya yi tafiya a duk faɗin Jamus, a matsayin dozin fursunoni nan da nan "masana'antu na mutuwa".

Kowane wata, da labarai daga gaban zama mafi gangami domin German shugabanci. Bayan nasara a Stalingrad, da Red Army karshe dauki himma a hannãyensu da kuma fara wani counteroffensive a yammacin shugabanci. Lokacin da gaban kusata da kan iyakoki na pre-yaki Jamus, ya fara wani gaggawa fitarwa na taro sansani. Staff wahalshe tare da fursunoni, sa'an nan suka tsere zuwa ƙasar. Wannan aiki ya tartsatsi ne.

Kiyashin a Mauthausen

A shekarar 1945 Dmitry Karbyshev kasance a cikin wani taro sansanin kira Mauthausen. Austria, wanda aka located wannan mummunan ma'aikata, ya zo a karkashin harin da sojojin Soviet.

Domin kariya daga irin wannan wuraren ne ko da yaushe alhakin SS stormtroopers. Sai waɗanda suka jagoranci kisan kiyashin da fursunoni. A dare, Feb. 18, 1945, sun tattara game da dubu fursunoni, cikinsu da Karbyshev. A fursunoni da aka kwace, kuma ta aika wa shawa, inda suka kasance a karkashin kõguna na kankara ruwa. Drop a zazzabi take kaiwa zuwa da cewa da yawa kawai ki zuciya.

Fursunoni suka tsira da zaman farko na azabtarwa, ba tufafi da kuma aika zuwa ga tsakar gida. Waje ya m weather. Fursunoni tilasta a kananan kungiyoyin. Ba da da ewa suka fara zuba daga wata wuta tiyo na wannan ice-sanyi ruwa. Janar Karbyshev tsaye a cikin taron, ya bukaci 'yan'uwanmu a haɗe da kuma nuna babu tsoro. Wasu kokarin gudu daga gare su zuwa ga garin kankara jiragen sama. Suka kama, dukan tsiya tare da truncheons da kuma koma cikin wurin. A karshen, kusan duk sun mutu, ciki har da Dmitry Karbyshev. Ya kasance 64 years old.

Soviet bincike

A karshe minti na rayuwa Karbysheva zama sananne a gida godiya ga shaidar da Kanad Major, wanda gudanar tsira da banrazana dare na kisan kiyashin da fursunonin Mauthausen.

Tattara scraps na bayani game da makomar kãmamme Janar ya yi magana ya kwarai ƙarfin hali da kuma addini a gare wajibi. A watan Agusta, 1946, ya aka posthumously sãka musu da mafi kyautar na kasar - da lakabi na Hero na Tarayyar Soviet.

A nan gaba, dukan gurguzu jihar bude Monuments a masa mutunci. Shi ne kuma sunan Janar kira tituna. Babban abin tunawa Karbyshev lalle ne a cikin ƙasa na Mauthausen. A site na tunawa da aka bude taro sansanin matattu, kuma m azabtarwa. Wannan shi ne inda akwai wani abin tunawa. Heroes na Great Patriotic War na Tarayyar Soviet suka sanã'anta a da darajõji wannan unbending general.

Siffarta da aka musamman rare a cikin postwar lokaci. Gaskiyar cewa da yawa daga cikin generals, fyauce a cikin taro sansani, shi ne wuya yin ta kasar heroes. Da yawa daga cikinsu an tilas tura baya gida, da kuma dozin mafi kuma repressed. Wani sun rataye Vlasov harka, wasu sun kasance a cikin Gulag a kan zargin da su karye. Stalin da kansa ya bukatar m image na gwarzo, wanda zai iya zama wani misali domin nan gaba na Army.

An juya ta zama wani mutumin da Karbyshev. Sunansa ne sau da yawa ya haskaka a shafukan jaridu. Popular ya Dmitry Karbyshev a cikin adabi: ga shi an rubuta dama ayyukansu. Alal misali, Sergei Vasilyev, sadaukar da Janar waka "Mutuncin". Wani fursuna na Mauthausen, Yuri Pilar, shi ne marubucin da m biography of "Karimci, ya tsarkaka" jami'in.

Soviet hukuma kokarin wuya a immortalize da feat Karbysheva. A daidai wannan declassified NKVD takardun nuna cewa a gudanar da bincike kan mutuwarsa aka za'ayi da sauri, kuma a kan umarni daga sama. Alal misali, Kanad Major alamomi St. Clair (na farko shaida) sun saba da m. Daga shi ba a gane dalla-dalla cewa sa'an nan overgrown biography Karbysheva.

St. Clair, da a kan wanda shaida ãƙibar marigayin general, ya mutu a 'yan shekaru bayan da yaki daga lalace kiwon lafiya. Lokacin da Rasha bincikensa, ya tambaye shi, ya riga ya terminally rashin lafiya. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1948 da marubuci Novogrudski gama da hukuma littafin sadaukar da biography Karbysheva. A da shi, ya kara da cewa da yawa daga abubuwa game da St. Clair taba ambata.

Ba tare da belittling da m hali na generals, da Soviet gwamnatin kokarin rufe idanunsu da rabo daga sauran manyan shugabannin sojoji, wadanda aka azabtar da aka kashe a cikin azaba ɗakunan ajiya na Gestapo. Kusan dukkan su sun kasance wadanda ke fama da rashin kula "cin amanar" da "makiya" na Stalin ta siyasa.