Saboda abin da nuclear nukiliya ikon shuka fashe, a lokacin da? A sakamakon na nuclear fashewa

A nuclear nukiliya ikon shuka a gare su. V. I. Lenina - Ukrainian NPP tsaya ta aiki dangane da fashewa a Unit yawan 4. Its yi ya fara a cikin bazara na shekarar 1970, kuma bayan shekaru 7, ta sa a cikin aiki. By 1986, da tashar kunshi hudu tubalan, wanda aka kammala biyu more. Lokacin da nuclear nukiliya ikon shuka fashe, ko kuma wajen, daya daga cikin reactors, ta aikin da aka bai daina ba. A halin yanzu a karkashin gini na sarcophagus, wanda za a kammala a shekara ta 2015.

description tashar

1970-1981 gg. - a halin yanzu, da shida raka'a, biyu na wanda bai da lokaci zuwa gudu har zuwa shekara ta 1986 domin sanyaya turbines da zafi exchangers tsakanin kogin Pripyat da nuclear nukiliya ikon shuka da aka gina ciko da kandami da aka gina.

Kafin wannan hadarin da ikon sa tashar ya 6,000 MW. A halin yanzu, aikin ne underway da ta sauya fasalin nuclear nukiliya ikon shuka a wani tsabtace muhalli mai lafiya yi.

Fara na yi

Don zaɓar dace site domin gina farko nukiliya ikon shuka zane institute nazari babban birnin kasar Ukraine Kyiv, Zhytomyr da Vinnytsia yankin. A mafi yawan dace wuri an yanki a gefen dama na cikin Pripyat River. A ƙasar da zarar ya fara gini ne marasa amfani, amma bukatun domin gyaran makamashin nukiliya ikon shuka ne Mafi m. Wannan yanki da aka amince da Jihar fasaha da Hukumar da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Ukrainian Ma'aikatar Makamashi.

Fabrairu 1970 alama farkon gina Pripyat. A garin da aka halitta musamman domin da ikon masana'antu. Gaskiyar ita ce, da farko shekaru na tashar hidima da su zauna a cikin dormitories kuma takalman gidaje a kauyuka zuwa nuclear. Don a tabbatar da aikin da 'yan iyalansu a Pripyat, gina wani iri-iri Enterprises. Saboda haka, a cikin shekaru 16 na zama na gari shi aka sanye take da duk abin da wajibi ne ga dadi rai na mutane.

Crash 1986

Dare a 01:23 on Afrilu 26 1986 , an fara wani gwajin aikin turbogenerator 4th ikon, saboda abin da nuclear nukiliya ikon shuka fashe. A sakamakon haka, da ginin ya rufta, akwai fiye da 30 gobara. A farko wadanda suka V. Hodemchuk - sadarwarka na wurare dabam dabam farashinsa, kuma B. Shashenok - wani ma'aikaci na commissioning kamfanin.

A minti daga baya, bayan abin da ya faru a chernobye wajibi Kariya sanar da fashewa. Maza maza da wuta tashar isa. Kawar da shugaban da aka nada V. Pravik. Ta hanyar da ya kere ayyuka shi tsaya da baza na wuta.

Lokacin da nuclear nukiliya ikon shuka fashe, da yanayi da aka gurbata da rediyoaktif abubuwa kamar:

- plutonium, uranium, aidin-131 (rabin rayuwa yana game 8 kwanaki).

- cesium-134 (rabin-rai - 2 years).

- cesium-137 (17 zuwa shekaru 30);

- strontium-90 (28 years).

A dukan tsoro na bala'i ya ta'allaka ne da cewa mazauna Pripyat, nuclear, kazalika da tsohon Tarayyar Soviet na dogon lokaci a boye, me ya sa fashe nuclear nukiliya ikon shuka da kuma wanda yake zargi.

hatsari Source

Afrilu 25 4 ga watan reactor da za a rufe na yau da kullum ana gyara, amma maimakon yanke shawarar gudanar da wani gwajin. Yana kunshi a cikin halittar gaggawa halin da ake ciki a cikin abin da tashar kanta zai magance matsalar. Irin wannan lokuta a wancan lokacin akwai riga hudu, amma wannan lokacin da wani abu ya tafi daidai ba ...

A farko, kuma babban dalilin da fashewa daga cikin nuclear nukiliya ikon shuka - a cikin ɓãta, kuma Unprofessional hali daga cikin ma'aikatan wajen m gwaji. Ma'aikata goyon ikon damar 200 MW, wanda ya kai ga kai-da guba.

Kamar yadda idan babu abin da ya faru, da ma'aikatan kallo da scene, maimakon janye iko da sandunansu daga aiki da kuma danna A3-5 - for gaggawa kashe reactor. A sakamakon rashin aiki a cikin Unit fara wani uncontrolled sarkar dauki, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa fashe nuclear nukiliya ikon shuka.

A yamma (a kusa 20.00) a cikin tsakiyar dakin da aka samu a mafi tsanani wuta. Don bice wuta mutane a wannan lokaci ba su janyo hankalin. Ya shafe tare da taimakon jiragen sama.

Domin duk lokacin, fãce wuta, kuma shuka ma'aikata, game da 600 da dubu. Mutane na da hannu a cikin aikin ceto aiki.

Saboda abin da fashe nuclear nukiliya ikon shuka? Akwai da dama daga dalilai da suka bayar da gudunmawar wannan:

- gwajin shine za a gudanar a wani kudin, ko da kuwa ba zato canji a cikin hali na reactor.

- decommissioning fasaha kariya ma'aikata, wanda zai samar da iko ya hana da kuma hana hatsarori.

- silencing shuka management sikelin bala'i ya auku, kazalika da dalilan saboda abin da nuclear nukiliya ikon shuka fashe.

effects

A sakamakon kawar da sakamakon yaduwar rediyoaktif abubuwa daga 134 kashe gobara da kuma ma'aikata na tashar ɓullo da radiation amai, 28 daga cikinsu ya mutu a cikin wata daya bayan da hatsari.

Ãyõyin radiation aka amai da rauni. Na farko, da taimakon farko fassara likita ma'aikatan tashar, kuma bayan da cewa wadanda aka hawa zuwa asibitoci a Moscow.

A da kudin nasa rai ma'aikatan ceto da aka ba a yarda fire da miƙa mulki ga na uku naúrar. Saboda wannan yaduwar wuta kauce masa a makwabta tubalan. Idan quenching ne ba wani rabo, mai biyu fashewa iya wuce da damar da farko 10 sau!

Hatsari Satumba 9, 1982

Har zuwa ranar da cewa fashe nuclear nukiliya ikon shuka, da aka rubuta a cikin hali na halaka a Unit №1. A lokacin gwajin gudu na daya daga cikin reactors a ikon 700 MW faru a irin fashewa na man fetur taro da kuma tashar № 62-44. Wannan sa a cikin nakasawa na graphite tari, kuma a saki manyan yawa na rediyoaktif abubuwa.

Bayanin dalilin da ya sa nuclear nukiliya ikon shuka fashe a 1982, shi ne da wadannan:

- babban take hakki na shop ma'aikatan a cikin tsari na ruwa ya kwarara a cikin tashoshin.

- saura na ciki danniya a cikin ganuwar da tashar na zirconium tube, sakamakon daga canje-canje a cikin fasahar shuka wanda ƙãga shi.

Gwamnatin Tarayyar Soviet, kamar yadda ya saba, ya yanke shawarar ba don sanar da jama'a na kasar, don me nuclear nukiliya ikon shuka fashe. Photos of farko hatsari bai tsira. Yana da ma zai yiwu cewa shi ba ya wanzu.

wakilan tashar

Daga baya a cikin labarin sunayen ma'aikata da kuma matsayi da aka gudanar kafin, a lokacin da kuma bayan da bala'i. A darektan na tashar a shekarar 1986 ya Bryuhanov Viktor Petrovich. Bayan watanni biyu kuma, manajan ya zama Pozdyshev EN

Sorokin NM aka aiki injiniya mataimakin na tsawon 1987-1994 gg. Gramotkin II daga shekarar 1988 zuwa 1995, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban reactor shop. A halin yanzu, shi ne Shugaba na SSE "Chornobyl NPP".

Dyatlov Anatoliy Stepanovich - mataimakin babban injiniya ga yadda ake gudanar da daya daga cikin wadanda ke da alhakin wannan hadari. Dalilin da fashewa nuclear nukiliya ikon shuka ya gudanar da m gwajin da ya kai wannan musamman m.

wariya zone ne a halin yanzu

Wahala matasa Pripyat yau an gurbata da rediyoaktif abubuwa. To, za su fi sau da yawa a cikin ƙasa, gine-gine, ramuka, da sauran tududa. A garin data kasance wuraren sun kawai tashar ruwa fluoridation, musamman wanki dakin, garejin da PPC ad. Bayan da hatsari, Pripyat, Oddly isa, ya ba su rasa birnin matsayi.

Tare da nuclear halin da ake ciki ne quite daban-daban. Yana da wani hadari ga rayuwa, akwai mutane da a lura da tashar, da kuma abin da ake kira squatters. Town a yau - shi ne administrative wariya zone management cibiyar. Nuclear fi mai da hankali a kanta da sha'anin cewa goyi bayan kewaye yankin a wani tsabtace muhalli-hadari yanayin. Shimfida zaman lafiya a halin da ake ciki da yake a cikin iko da radionuclides a cikin kogin Pripyat da sararin samaniyar. A birni ne ma'aikata na ma'aikatar harkokin, wanda shi ne alhakin kariya na wariya zone daga doka intrusion.