Mannerheim Line. A nasara da Mannerheim Line

The abu, wanda aka jawo sha'awar da kuma m amfani da yawa daga mutane, shi ne mai sa na m shingen Mannerheim. Finnish tsaro line aka located a kan Karelian Isthmus. Shi ne mai yawa bunkers, ƙeƙasar da kuma cike da gidajen gona da burbushi na bawo, da na dutse layuka na tank cikas, ramuka da kuma haƙa anti-tanki ramuka - duk da kyau kiyaye, duk da cewa shi ya kasance fiye da shekaru 70.

A Sanadin yaki

Dalilin da soja rikici Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Finland ya bukatar tabbatar da kare lafiya na birnin Leningrad, kamar yadda ya kusa da Finnish iyaka. A kan Hauwa'u na yakin duniya na biyu Finnish shugabanci ya shirye su samar da karkararta a matsayin springboard ga m makiyan Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma yafi - to Hitler ta Jamus.

Gaskiyar cewa Leningrad a shekarar 1931 da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga matsayi na birnin kasar muhimmanci, kuma wani ɓangare na ƙasa batun da Leningrad City Majalisar, shi ne a lokaci guda kuma da kan iyaka da Finland. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Soviet jagoranci da kuma fara tattaunawa tare da kasar, sunã kira ta raba su asashe. Majalisar kiran da ƙasa sau biyu, fiye da muka samu a cikin sama. A nake toshe a cikin shirye-shirye tabbatar da nuna tambayar da Tarayyar Soviet su sanya a kan Finnish gona na sansanin soja. Amma jam'iyyun amince da su ba, wanda ya haifar da farkon na Soviet-Finnish, ko abin da ake kira Winter War. Kuma bã dõmin ta, Birnin Leningrad, dã an yi kama da Hitler ta sojojin har yanzu a farkon na Great Patriotic War a cikin sarari na kawai 'yan kwanaki.

prehistory

A ra'ayi na "Mannerheim Line" tana nufin wani hadadden na tarihi kufaifan, wanda taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Soviet-Finnish yaki. Yana dade a cikin lokaci, daga Nuwamba 30, 1939 a kan Maris 13, 1940.

Da zarar Finland samu 'yancin kai, shi nan da nan ya fara tunani game da karfafa su kan iyakoki, da kuma a farkon shekarar 1918, da gina barbed waya a shafin na gaba grand soja garkuwa Mannerheim aka kaddamar. A layin karshe an amince a 1920 da kuma aka farko da aka sani da "line Enkel" a cikin girmamawa ta yi jagoranci Manjo Janar O. L. Enkelya, wanda ya sa'an babban hafsan hafsoshin. A developer da kufaifan wani Faransa jami'in JJ Gross Kaussi, aika zuwa Finland don taimaka wa} arfafa a kan iyakokin wannan kasa. Amma, bayan da aka riga ta kafa lokacin da hadisai, hadaddun kufaifan sau da yawa ake kira, a daraja na "babban bosses", kamar Maginot Line ko Stalin. Saboda haka, don kauce wa rikice, wadannan shinge da aka sake masa suna, kuma suna girmama na Amirul da dakarun na Jamhuriyar Finland Karla Gustava Mannerheim, wani tsohon jami'in a cikin Rasha sojojin.

Garu garkuwa Finland

Mannerheim Line - a line na tsaro ga 135 km, wanda gaba daya ya haye duka Karelian Isthmus - daga Gulf of Finland da kuma Lake Ladoga. Daga West Soja Communications shige jera lebur kuma jera rufe tuddai yanki, rufe wata mahara wurare tsakanin kananan tabkuna da kuma Marshes. A gabas, da layin da aka dogara ne a kan Vuoksinskie ruwa tsarin, wanda a kanta ne a kawo cikas. Saboda haka, a cikin lokaci daga 1920 zuwa 1924 da Finns aka gina fiye da dari m cibiyoyin soja.

By karshen 1927 ya bayyana cewa wucin gadi cikas Enckell ingancin gine-gine da kuma makamai ne mafi ƙaranci daga gare Soviet defenses, don haka su yi aka dakatar. A 30s sake maido da gina dogon lokaci da wurin. Suka gina wani kadan, amma sun zama fiye da iko da kuma mafi wuya a sami.

A farkon 30s da post na shugaban Jihar Majalisar Tsaro nada Mannerheim. The line ya zama tun gina karkashin dubawa.

Kufaifan - pillboxes

A mafi muhimmanci tsaro sun yi ƙunci tsiri hidima nodes, wanda kunshi dama kankare bunkers (m wuta maki) da kuma bunker (rabin duniya emplacements), na'ura gun sheƙarsu, bunkers da kuma bindiga ramuka. Bisa ga line na tsaro da rinjaye da aka sanya sosai unevenly, da kuma nĩsa a tsakãninsa da su ne, wani lokaci ma ya kai 6-8 km.

Kamar yadda aka sani, da soja yi dade fiye da shekara guda, don haka a lokacin da gina bunkers ya kasu kashi biyu zamaninsu. A farko ne gun emplacements, gina a cikin lokaci daga 1920 zuwa 1937, da kuma na biyu - da 1938-39 lokaci. Bunkers na zuwa ƙarni na farko, - wani kadan tabbatarwa, tsara don shige kawai 1-2 bindigogi. Suka ba mayalwaci sanye take da bai da mafaka ga sojoji. A kauri daga cikin kankare ganuwar da rufi ba ƙetare 2 m. Daga baya, mafi yawansu ba su kyautata.

The biyu ƙarni hada da abin da ake kira da miliyan daya, kamar yadda su kudin ta kudin da Finnish mutane a 1 da miliyan Finnish alamomi kowane. A total na 7 irin wannan iko gun emplacements da Mannerheim Line. Pillboxes daya mutane miliyan kasance mafi zamani a lokacin da karfafa kankare Tsarin, sanye take da loopholes 4-6, 1-2 da abin da suke igwa. A mafi karaya kuma mafi garu bunkers an dauke Sj-4 "Poppius" da kuma Sj-5 "miliyoniya".

All pillboxes aka hankali camouflaged tare da kankara da dusar ƙanƙara, don haka shi ne, da wuya a gane, kuma ya karya su kurkuku Kwayoyin sun kasance kusan ba zai yiwu.

Ruwan tsufana zone

Bugu da kari wani yawan dogon lokaci da kuma filin kufaifan aka envisaged kuma da ɗan wucin gadi ambaliyar zones. Kwatsam barkewar tashin hana su gaba daya gama, amma da dama dams aka gina ba tukuna. Suna yi da itace da kuma ƙasar kõguna Tyueppelyanyoki (a halin yanzu Alexandrovka) da kuma Rokkalanyoki (yanzu Gorokhovka). Dam na kankare tsaye a kan kogin Peronyoki (p. Perovka), kazalika da kananan Plotinka a kan Mayayoki da dam a kan Sayyanyoki (yanzu da gundumar. Wolf).

antitank shingen

Tun da m tare Soviet tankuna ya isa, ta kanta begs wannan tambaya na yadda za a magance su. Barbed waya, baya shigar a kan Karelian Isthmus, ba za a iya dauke mai kyau cikas ga sulke da motocin, don haka aka yanke shawarar zuwa sare stockade na dutse da kuma tono antitank ramuka zurfin 1 m da nisa daga 2.5 m. Duk da haka, kamar yadda ya juya waje a cikin shakka daga tashin, dutse dragon ta hakora kasance m. Su budge ko kora daga manyan bindigogi bindigogi. Bayan maimaita bombardment granite halaka, sakamakon m wurare suna kafa.

Domin dragon hakora Finnish injiniyoyi shigar sama da 10 layuka na anti-ma'aikata da kuma anti-tanki mahakar, kurege.

hari

Winter War za a iya raba biyu, saukarwa. A farko dade daga Nuwamba 30, 1939 a ranar 10 Fabrairu, 1940 Sturm Mannerheim Line shi ne mafi wuya da na jini ga Red Army a wancan lokacin.

Juya a kira su da wani iko shãmaki, duk da dukan da shortcomings, shi ne kusan babban cikas ga Soviet sojojin. Bugu da kari ga m juriya na Finnish sojojin, wata babbar matsala su ne da karfi da arba'in da digiri frosts, wanda ya zama, bisa ga mafi masana tarihi, da Babban dalilin gazawar da Soviets Mills.

Fabrairu 11 zai fara na biyu lokaci na hunturu yaƙin neman zaɓe - janar m na Red Army. A wannan lokaci, da Karelian Isthmus aka yi ɗamara iyakar yawa na soja da kayan aiki da kuma manpower. A 'yan kwanaki akwai manyan bindigogi shiri, bawo yi ruwa a kan matsayi na Finns, suka yi yaƙi a karkashin jagorancin Mannerheim. Layin da dukan kewaye yankin da aka dauke bamai. Tare da ƙasar arewa maso yammacin gaban a cikin yaƙin da hannu jiragen ruwa na Baltic jiragen ruwa da kuma sabuwar kafa Ladoga Flotilla.

nasara

Kwanaki uku dade hari na farko line na tsaro, da kuma a kan Fabrairu 17, da sojojin da 7th Army karshe kutsa shi, da kuma Finns aka tilasta gaba daya bar su da farko line kuma matsa zuwa na biyu, kuma a lokacin Fabrairu 21-28, da kuma rasa shi. Nasara da Mannerheim Line jagoranci Marshal SK Timoshenko, wanda ya dauki a kan umarni na I. V. Stalina Arewa-Western Front. Yanzu 7th kuma 13th Army, tare da taimakon jihar bakin teku raka'a na Baltic rundunar matuƙan gudanar na hadin gwiwa m a tsiri na Gulf of Vyborg ga Vuoksi lake. Ganin irin wannan mãsu alãma daga abokan gaba, da Finnish sojojin watsi da matsayi.

A sakamakon haka, na biyu nasara na Mannerheim Line aka kammala da cewa, duk da matsananciyar adawa da Finns, Maris 13, da Red Army shiga zuwa Vyborg. Wannan ãƙibar na Soviet-Finnish yaki.

Sakamako na yaki

A sakamakon da Winter War, da Tarayyar Soviet ta samu duk abin da ya so: kasa da cikakken kama Lake Ladoga, kazalika da ta samu iko da Finnish ƙasa a cikin dubu 40 sq. M. km.

Yanzu, mutane da yawa suna tambayar, da kuma ko bukatar wannan yaki? Idan ba domin nasarar a cikin Finnish yaƙin neman zaɓe, Birnin Leningrad, zai zama na farko a cikin jerin birane shafi da m na Nazi Jamus.

Tours na wuraren da fadace-fadace

Don kwanan wata, mafi yawan gine-gine da suka hallaka, amma duk da wannan, balaguro din zuwa wuraren da fadace-fadace na Winter War har yanzu aka gudanar, da kuma amfani da shi ba ta kasu ba. Kiyaye su da rinjaye har yanzu babban tarihi sha'awa - da kuma soja injiniya Tsarin, da kuma yadda wani wuri domin toughest na fadace-fadace da wannan rabin manta yaki.

Akwai tarihi da na al'adu da aka tasowa musamman shirye-shirye a kan wadannan shafukan, inda Mannerheim Line. A yawon shakatawa yawanci hada da labarin game da matakai na ta yi, kazalika da a kan ci gaba da fadace-fadace.

Don samun kadan Feel kuma fuskanci rayuwa na Finnish kuma Soviet sojojin, shirya yawon shakatawa Field abincin rana. Yana kuma za a iya photographed kan backdrop na grandiose constructions da abubuwa na kayan aiki, ga kuma rike a hannun model na makamai.

A cikin tarihi na wani soja rikice-rikice har yanzu akwai da yawa makafi spots, boye events da kuma facts. Ba ta kasance ba togiya, da kuma yaki na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Finland 1939-40. Ta sa a kan kafadu na wata fitina garesu. A kawai 105 kwanaki, idan sun yi gwagwarmaya, an kashe kimanin 150 da dubu. Man, game da dubu 20. Bace. A nan ne sakamakon rabin manta da kuma, a cewar wasu masana tarihi, da "ba dole ba" yaki. A matsayin abin tunawa ga auku sojoji bar a fagen yaƙi zama m in da ikon yinsa Mannerheim Line. Photos of wadanda sau da duwatsu a kan taro kaburbura har yanzu tunatar da mu daga cikin heroism na Soviet da kuma Finnish sojoji.