Jihar Nature Muciya Reserve "Khanka" Primor: description

A wannan labarin, za mu so mu yi magana game da "Khanka" Nature Reserve. An located a kan yammacin bakin teku a fili Khanka, Chernigov, Khorol, Kirov, Spassky gundumar Primorye Abuja. Reserve da aka kafa a shekarar 1990 domin kare wurare na wintering kuma nesting tsuntsaye.

Sa ajiye matsayi

"Khanka" Jihar Nature Reserve aka located a kudu-maso-gabashin ɓangare na Primorsky Abuja, a kan gaba na Lake Khanka, kusa da Rasha-China da iyaka.

A cikin ƙasa na biosphere ajiye aka mamaye herbaceous fadama fadamun. A cikin duka a can suna zaune arba'in da takwas jinsunan dabbobi masu shayarwa, da kuma hudu daga cikinsu ma da aka jera a cikin Red Littãfi daga Rasha. Reserve "Khanka" yana da wani yanki daga fiye da 39 000 kadada. Wannan hada da wani babban yanki na ruwa ruwa tare lake Khanka, wanda aka kewaye da wani isasshe m grassy Marshes.

Coastal ƙasashe na Lake Khanka arziki fadama, makiyaya da kuma gandun daji ciyayi, mafi muhimmanci suna dauke Grassy natsuwa da Marshes. Coast rufe yawa kyauro, sedges, gauraye ciyawa fadamun.

Amma kamar yadda gandun daji da tsire-tsire, su ne fragmented. Mafi yawan su suna mayar da hankali kan Luzanova tudu. A wannan shafin girma Aspen, Mongolian itatuwan oak, lindens, kyalle.

A tarihin na kare yankin

A shekarar 1971, Khanka Lake da kuma kewaye yankin da aka gane dausayi na duniya muhimmancin. A ra'ayin na samar da wani kare yankin bayyana a cikin twenties karni na karshe. Shi ne kawai a shekarar 1990 a nan ajiye "Khanka" An halicci - da sosai matasa, na iya ma ce cewa ƙarami a kusa da Primorsky Krai.

A watan Afrilu 1996, da Rasha da kuma kasar Sin gwamnatocin rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya don kafa a kan tushen da kasar Sin ta kare zone "Shinkai-Hu" Khanka da kuma kare ƙasar "Lake Khanka" duniya ajiye.

A kananan yawan peatland reserves shi aka shirya. Daya daga cikinsu - shi ne yankin "Pine". Yana da aka shirya a shekarar 1965 duk da haka. Akwai kuma irin reserves, "River" (1948), "Khanka" (1963), "mai ceto" (1962).

Dole ne in ce cewa dukan kare yankin ne zuwa kashi biyar sassa kaucewa ware:

1. Plot "Pine" yanki na 375 kadada.
2. "River" site. Its yanki ne 12.494 kadada.
3. Plot "Melgunovsky" yanki na 300 kadada.
4. The site "Iblis fadama". Its yanki ne 16.641 kadada.
5. "Crane" site. Its yanki ne 9479 kadada.

sauyin yanayi

Reserve "Khanka" is located a cikin sashi na monsoon sauyin yanayi. Saboda a nan akwai manyan yanayi da kuma diurnal zazzabi bambancin. Winter a wannan yankin tare da kadan snow, da kuma bazara - bushe da sanyi, rani - ruwa da dumi. A lokacin shekara, ruwan sama ne sosai m. A coldest wata na shekara ne Janairu, da zazzabi iya sauke zuwa -20 digiri. Amma warmest lokaci - Yuli, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki a kan ma'aunin zafi da sanyio an saita 20 digiri.

ƙasa

Prihantiyskie Shefela ne alluvial a yanayi. Suna kafa daga lake sediments, yafi lãka da baƙin yumɓu. lake nestled yashi kasa. A dagagge sassa su ne loams. Amma a kan lebur yankunan mamaye fadama da kuma rabin-fadama gona. Peat sararin sama ne ba sosai manyan - ba fiye da hamsin santimita. Kuma a ƙasa ne lãka, wanda shi ne mai hana ruwa Layer, wanda ya haddasa marshy ƙasa.

Nature ajiye

Kamar yadda muka ce, wani tsaro zone janar manufa "Khanka" Reserve - shi ne, a sama da dukan, da low-kwance fadamun da fadama da gandun daji ciyayi. Coast na lake overgrown da reeds da sedges. Bishiyoyi suna cike da koyaswa shrubs. A gindin tuddai za ka iya ganin grassy fadamun. Forest sosai kadan. Songacha River a kan tekun na kogin za ka iya ganin shafukan da rare itacen oak da ash itace. A gabashin tudu na Lake Khanka rufe broadleaf weeds. Dole ne in ce cewa Flora na ajiye hada da 712 jinsunan jijiyoyin bugun gini shuke-shuke: 32 - nau'in bishiyoyi, 43 - bushes, 3 - woody inabõbi, 9 - shrubs, 625 - herbaceous shuke-shuke.

Bogs rufe game da saba'in cikin dari na kare yankunan. A halayyar alama ne da sauki tsarin. Wannan yana bayyana a gaskiyar cewa, a matsayin mai mulkin, aka mamaye daya ko biyu daga fadama shuke-shuke, wanda ya gama rufe shagaltar ƙasar. Akwai hudu iri dausayi: sedge, Reed, sedge, krupnotravnye da kuma auduga ciyawa-sedge.

Idan muka magana game da krupnotravnyh Marshes, suka yafi kunshi kara, cattail daji shinkafa, zaki ya saba. Wannan shi ne mataki na farko eutrophication. A lokacin m dewatering ci gaba sedge, sa'an nan Reed-sedge Marshes, wanda daga baya ya canja zuwa Reed ciyawa fadamun. Shi ne waɗannan jikuna daga ruwa ne m zuwa waterfowl, wanda aka same ba kawai kariya amma kuma da dole abinci.

Fadamun, bi da bi, ya kasu kashi biyu iri: rigar, rigar. Saboda haka, Reed ciyawa fadamun wakiltar kasa da kashi daya daga cikin dukan yankin. Suna sanya yafi a kan marshy ƙasa. Moistened profusely ko mugun. Su halayyar shuke-shuke - skullcap, uzkolisty Reed, Reed Langsdorf. Ganye suna girma da tsayi da kuma lokacin farin ciki.

Amma Langsdorfeynikovye fadamun mayar da hankali a kan swampy ƙasa. Sai suka sãmi wani total na goma sha biyu jinsunan shuke-shuke. Grass da kuma gauraye ciyawa fadamun kuma asusu domin babu fiye da goma iri da ciyayi.

Amma da Reed-forb fadamun gabatar riga ashirin ganye, daga gare su: bentgrass, Rue, Calamagrostis uzkolisty, bedstraw.

Birds, |aki

Reserve "Khanka" - aljanna domin waterfowl da kuma na cikin ruwa tsuntsaye. A total of 336 jinsunan rubuce a nan. Bugu da kari, ya ƙunshi shida amphibian jinsunan da bakwai jinsunan dabbobi masu rarrafe, akwai kuma sanannun Far Eastern kunkuru a cikin Red Littãfi.

The ajiye da matukar muhimmanci cikin sharuddan kiwo da kuma yanayi na hijira tsuntsaye. A wannan yankin 110 jinsunan nesting tsuntsaye. A kowace shekara akwai game da 25 nau'i-nau'i daga nesting ja-lashe cranes, 8 nau'i-nau'i duarskih cranes. A total number of kowane irin crane zo da ɗari mutane. A kwanan nan karuwa a yawan Far Eastern storks, yanzu suna nesting da kuma 25 nau'i-nau'i. A lokacin da taro a kan spring tsuntsu hijirarsa Hanke tsaya a nan har zuwa 500 dubu jinsunan ducks, geese da Swans. A gaskiya, shi ne wani m gani. Za ka iya tunanin abin da wani m yawan tsuntsaye a lokaci guda mayar da hankali a guda, albeit manyan kandami.

A Rasha, kawai "Khanka" ajiye gida Intermediate Egret da Reed Parrotbill.

A yanayi ajiye rubuce 69 jinsunan kifaye, 9 daga cikinsu suna da aka jera a matsayin miyagun. A cikin ruwan kare spawning filaye Plagiognathops Microlepis, perch-Auha, black Amur bream, kuma catfish Soldatov.

dabba duniya

"Khanka" ajiye, dabbobi cewa bambanta a jinsunan bambancin, alfahari sosai rare lokutta. Dole ne in ce cewa a cikin ƙasa na kare yankin rubuce da yawa rare jinsunan da aka jera a cikin Red Littãfi da Red Littafi na Rasha Primorye, yanzu fiye da a kowane sauran wasan reserves. Reserve "Khanka" bautar farko matsayi a cikin kare yankunan da Primorsky Abuja. Na 112 rare dabbobi na wannan yankin 60 da aka samu a cikin ajiye.

Ga kuma rubuta 45 jinsunan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Jerin waɗanda suke kullum zaune a yankin, ciki har da 8 jinsunan insectivores, 12 hakori, 9 jinsunan predatory tsuntsaye, lagomorphs 2 da daya hoofed. Rare dabbobi masu shayarwa suna wakilta hudu jinsunan. Suna duk aka jera a cikin Red Littãfi.

A cikin ƙasa na ajiye ne ya fi kowa hakori kamar filin mice, m bera, Far Eastern vole, Dahurian hamster, Amur bushiya, babban farin-toothed shrew. A fadamun jam'i Roe zaune tare da high ciyawa. A wadannan wurare suna located kawai Canji ruwan kasa da kuma Himalayan bears. Har ila yau a cikin ƙasa na kare zone live dabbobi da aka jera a cikin Red Littãfi daga Rasha. Daga cikin su sanannen Siberian damisa, da kuma ja kerkẽci, Far leatherback kunkuru.

Akwai wadanda dabbobi da cewa a kai a kai, ko kuma lokaci-lokaci tafi tare da contiguous ƙasa: Himalayan da kuma ruwan kasa beyar, mink, daji Boars, damisa, dabbare barewa da wapiti.

Ancient mutane

The ajiye a tsibirin Riabokon samu parking tsoho mutane. A farkon Finds kasance a cikin Old Stone Age, suka asusu na game da 15 shekara dubu.

Bugu da kari, kuma same farkon Neolithic Monuments, lambobi 7500 shekaru, kazalika da marigayi Neolithic lokaci (5000 years), da Bronze Age da kuma Iron.

Masana kimiyya yi imani Reserve na musamman da wuri inda wani karamin yanki ne mai karfi da yawa archaeological Finds game da wani iri-iri shekaru daban-daban.

Wannan a nan shi ne mai ban mamaki wuri - "Khanka" ajiye. Primor babu inda kuma yana da irin wannan babban adadin archaeological shafukan.

Musamman wuraren da a kan ajiye

Daga mai kimiyya ra'ayi, akwai wata gaba daya musamman abubuwa a cikin ajiye. Daya ne al'umma oxytrope Khanka, kawaici a cikin Cape Arsenyev, Cape Przewalski kuma Pine Island.

Bugu da kari, da kare ƙasashe girma (a Ilistaya estuary) musamman thickets lotus Komarov.

Amma Melgunovka estuary alfahari da most mallaka na herons a cikin Far East. A lokacin bazara da hijirarsa wannan wuri ne da babbar garkunan tsuntsaye.

Riabokon a tsibirin, a kudancin bakin tekun, shine kadai wuri a cikin Maritime yankin, inda girma licorice blednotsvetnaya, rajista a cikin Red Littãfi daga Primorye.

Yadda za a samu da ajiye?

Mafi kusa gari da ajiye - shi Spassk-Far. Wannan shi ne inda gwamnatin ajiye Khanka yankin. An located 220 kilomita daga Vladivostok. Daga shi a Spassk Far za a iya isa da bas. Ya tafiya kawai lokaci daya a rana.

Address gwamnati: Primorsky Territory, Spassk-Far, Ershov titi, 10.

maimakon wani epilogue

"Khanka" Reserve - ƙarami a cikin Maritime yankin. Duk da haka, Lake Khanka, located in da karkararta, ya dade da ajiye na kasa da kasa muhimmancin da tsuntsãye. A gaskiya, manufar da ajiye ne nazari da kuma adana na halitta mamaki da kuma matakai, multiplication da kuma adana daga cikin gene pool na Flora da fauna. A kan muhalli matsayi na yankuna shafi wani babban taro na rare da miyagun shuke-shuke da dabbobi. A Reserve ne na musamman da wuri tare da mai girma taro na tsuntsaye, yin shi na musamman da kuma muhimmanci sosai ga migratory tsuntsaye.