Amphibian - menene wannan? Common fasali da kuma bayyanar da dabbobi

Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa - su ne kai tsaye zuriyarsa Crossopterygii. Sun bayyana 380 da miliyan da suka wuce, da kuma daga baya ta haifi wani aji na dabbobi masu rarrafe. Ta yaya ne halittar dabba mai kafafuwa? Mene ne daban-daban daga wasu dabbobi da kuma abin da irin rayuwar kada su kai?

Amphibian - abin da yake da shi?

Bisa ga Extended version, crossopterygian kifi kasance na farko da mazaunan tafkunan da cewa sun iya fita a kan ƙasar. Mastering sabon sararin samaniya da kuma daidaita da wa yanayi daban-daban, da suka hankali ya fara canza, bada Yunƙurin zuwa sabon mutane - halittar dabba mai kafafuwa.

"Amphibian" - wani kalmar Helenanci da aka fassara a matsayin "nau'i biyu daga rai." A ilmin halitta, shi yana nufin dabbobi da suke zaune a ƙasar da kuma a cikin ruwa. A cikin Rasha terminology mafi m, tun halittar dabba mai kafafuwa - yana da amphibious.

A baya can, manufar ma yakan haifar da like da otters, amma daga baya ya zo hada da kawai hudu kananan kafafu, vertabrate cewa ba su kasance a cikin amniotes. Modern halittar dabba mai kafafuwa aji rufe kawai salaman caecilians, newts da kwaɗi. Gaba daya akwai 5 zuwa 6.7 dubu jinsunan.

Taƙaitaccen bayanin da aji

Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa - ne vertabrate cewa a cikin dabba mulki ne tsaka-tsaki tsakanin kifi da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Mutane da yawa membobin m lokaci na rayuwa a ruwa kuma a kan ƙasar. Sake bugun, kuma da farko ci gaba da rinjaye faruwa a ruwa, da kuma girma up, su ne terrestrial rayuwa. Wasu jinsunan rayuwa ne kawai a ruwa.

Mai halittar dabba mai kafafuwa ba jure da sanyi, fi son dumi, gumi wuri, amma ba zai iya rayuwa a cikin wani m yanki. A karkashin m yanayi, zai iya hibernate ko canza lokaci na aiki, misali, daga cikin dare da rana. Duk da haka, wasu jinsuna sun zauna a cikin nisa arewa, misali, Siberian salamander.

Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa shirya kusa ruwa tare kududdufai, da kuma wani lokacin sa su larvae, ko da a cikin zurfin puddles. Kawai 'yan jinsin da ake samu a seawater. Development ana bi ta hudu, saukarwa: kwai (caviar), tsutsa, metamorphosis kuma girma. A salaman wanzu da kuma live haihuwa.

All mambobi ne na aji rauni metabolism, don haka ba zasu iya koya ganyayyaki na abinci. Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa suna da yara da kuma ciyar a kan kwari, kananan kwaro, da kuma wani lokacin da 'yan'uwansu. Manyan tsuntsaye ci matasa kifi, kajin da kuma hakori. Kawai larvae abinci a kan shuke-shuke tailless tawagar.

Ta yaya suka duba?

External tsarin halittar dabba mai kafafuwa ne sosai daban-daban. Group caudate, wanda ya hada da newts kuma salaman, a cikin bayyanar kama kadangaru. Suna girma har zuwa 20 santimita. Jikinsu yana elongated da ƙare da wani dogon wutsiya. Neck, baya da kuma gaban kafafunsa ne takaice.

Frogs ne tailless halittar dabba mai kafafuwa. Bã su da wani m dan kadan flattened jiki da kuma gajeren wuyansa. A wutsiya ne kawai samuwa a kan tadpoles mataki. Sãsanninsu nã elongated kuma lankwasa, ana mike a lokacin da tsalle-tsalle da kuma yin iyo (asali hanyoyi na kawar da). Yatsunsu kwãɗi, da salaman suna da alaka da wani web na fata.

Caecilians - wannan amphibious naúrar "legless". Outwardly, suka yi kama da tsutsotsi ko macizai. Da girmansu Range daga goma santimita zuwa mita. Caecilians da babu wata gabar jiki, da kuma wutsiya ne taqaitaccen. Jikinsu yana rufe da Sikeli da lemun tsami canza launin in baki ko duhu Brown sautin, wani lokaci tare da spots ko ratsi.

tsarin fasali

A fata na vertabrate multilayer, amma bakin ciki isa. Ya ƙunshi gland cewa asirce gamsai da yake rufe da dukan jiki. Ta hanyar da shi jera kwashe numfashi. A surface, numfashi halittar dabba mai kafafuwa sa shi sauki, da kuma nau'in rayuwa mafi yawa a ruwa, da gills.

Uku gidajen zuciya na halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, biyu kyamarori da aka lura kawai a salaman. Biyu dabam dabam: ƙanana da manyan. Jiki zafin jiki ne ba m da kuma dogara a kan na waje muhalli.

Brain amphibian ne mafi girma daga cikin kifi da kuma jeri daga 0,30% (v tailed) zuwa 0,73% (tailless) na jiki nauyi. Ganinsu, zai iya rarrabe tsakanin launuka. Eyes m cover ƙananan kuma babba eyelids leathery. Sun bambanta da dandano bad da za a iya ƙaddara kawai m, kuma ta fiɗãci.

A fata ne Babban jiki qunshi wani jam'i na touch da jijiya endings. A tadpoles da kuma na cikin ruwa jinsunan kifaye kiyaye kaikaice line, wanda yake da alhakin fuskantarwa a sarari.

A yawan tailless gamsai a kan fata ƙunshi guba. A mafi yawan lokuta, shi ne ba cutarwa ga mutane da ake amfani da disinfection na saman. Duk da haka, da dafin wasu wurare masu zafi jinsunan zai iya zama haɗari. Saboda haka, kananan rawaya rana (ga photo sama), mai tsanani listoglaz ne daya daga cikin mafi venomous halitta a cikin duniya.