Tsari da kuma aiki na gani analyzer. Gabar hangen nesa

Don hulɗa tare da waje duniya, wani mutum dole ne samu da kuma bincika bayanai daga waje muhalli. Don wannan karshen, yanayi da kuma bã ya hankula. Shida daga gare su: idanu, kunnuwa, da harshenka, hanci, fata, da kuma da vestibular na'ura. Saboda haka, mutum Forms misali na duk da na kewaye da shi da kuma na kansa a sakamakon na gani, auditory, olfactory, tactile, gustatory da kinesthetic majiyai.

Yana iya wuya a bayar da hujjar cewa wasu ji sashin jiki ne mafi muhimmanci fiye da wasu. Sun ci gaba da juna, samar da wani cikakken hoto na duniya. Amma abin da ya fi na duk bayanai - har zuwa 90%! - mutane gane ta amfani da ido - shi ne mai gaskiya. Don gane da yadda wannan bayanai samun shiga cikin kwakwalwa, da kuma yadda shi ne ta bincike, shi wajibi ne su yi tunanin tsarin da kuma aiki na gani analyzer.

Features na gani analyzer

Godiya ga gani ji mu koyi game da size, siffar, canza launi, mutunta tsari na abubuwa na duniya, da motsi ko immobility. Wannan shi ne wani hadadden da Multi-mataki tsari. Tsari da kuma aiki na gani analyzer - tsarin aiwatar da samu da kuma aiki na gani bayanai, game da shi, samar da hangen nesa da - sosai hadaddun. Da farko, yana yiwuwa ya ware wani gefe (a karɓa a shigar data), da kuma nazarin da conductive rabo. Samun bayanai ɗauke da wani tsoka mai amsa sigina tsarin da ya hada da eyeball kuma karin tsarin, da kuma kara shi ne ya aiko via da na gani jijiya to da ya dace cibiyoyin na kwakwalwa, inda aka sarrafa da kuma gani da hotuna suna kafa. All sassan na gani analyzer za a tattauna a cikin labarin.

Ta yaya ido. A m Layer na eyeball

The idanu suna guda biyu gabobin. Kowane eyeball yayi kama da dan kadan flattened ball siffar da aka hada da dama yadudduka: matsanancin, tsakiya da kuma can ciki zagayenta ruwa-cika rami na ido.

A matsanancin harsashi - wani m fibrous kwantena cewa tserar da siffar da ido da kuma kare ta ciki Tsarin. Bugu da kari, shi za'ayi shida kayyade da mota tsokoki na eyeball. A matsanancin harsashi kunshi wani m gaban part - cornea da kuma raya, opaque - sclera.

A cornea ne ido Refractive kafofin watsa labarai, shi ne convex, yana da wani ra'ayi na ruwan tabarau da kuma aka, bi da bi, da aka yi da dama yadudduka. Shi ba shi da jini, amma akwai da yawa jijiya endings. Bluish fari ko sclera, sashen abin da aka yawanci kira gina jiki da idanu kafa daga connective nama. Don ta kuma a haɗe tsokoki, da samar da ido jũya.

A tsakiyar Layer na eyeball

Average choroid ne da hannu a tafiyar matakai na rayuwa, da samar da abinci mai gina jiki ido da kuma janyewar na na rayuwa kayayyakin. A gaban, mafi m ɓangare na shi - yana da Iris. Kuma gashin dũkiyõyinsu a cikin Iris, ko kuma wajen, ta adadin da aka kaddara akayi daban-daban ya dafa da mutum ido daga blue, idan shi ne bai isa zuwa Hazel, idan ya isa. Lokacin da pigment ne ba ya nan, kamar yadda ya faru tare da zabiya, shi ya zama bayyananne jijiyoyin bugun gini plexus, da Iris zama ja.

Iris aka located kawai a baya da cornea, ta da asali ne da tsoka. Almajiri - zagaye rami a tsakiya Iris - godiya ga wadannan tsokoki shirya shigar azzakari cikin farji daga haske zuwa ga ido dilates a lokacin low haske da tapering a ma mai haske. Shi ne mai ci gaba da Iris ciliary (ciliary) jiki. The aiki na wannan ɓangare na gani analyzer ne, don samar m cewa amfanin jiki da ido wadanda sassan da ba su da nasu tasoshin. Bugu da ƙari, ciliary jiki yana da tasiri kai tsaye a kan kauri daga cikin ruwan tabarau ta wajen musamman jijiyoyin.

A na baya ɓangare na ido a tsakiyar Layer ne choroid, ko ainihin jijiyoyin bugun gini ido harsashi kusan gaba ɗaya na jini daban-daban diamita.

akan tantanin ido

Ciki, da thinnest Layer, - wani akan tantanin ido ko akan tantanin ido ne kafa ta jijiya Kwayoyin. Akwai kai tsaye ji na farko bincike da kuma na gani bayanai. A baya na akan tantanin ido kunshi photoreceptor musamman kira Cones (na 7 mn) da kuma sanduna (130 mn). Shi ne su, sũ ne ke da alhakin ji daga abubuwa ido.

Cones ne alhakin launi san kuma samar da tsakiyar wahayi ba ka damar ganin lafiya bayani. Sandunansu, kasancewa mafi m, ba mutum damar ganin a baki da fari launuka a low yanayin haske, kuma suna da alhakin gefe hangen nesa. Mai Cones sun mayar da hankali a cikin abin da ake kira rawaya tabo a gaban almajiri, dan kadan sama ƙofar na gani jijiya. Wannan wuri ne da matsakaicin gani acuity. The akan tantanin ido, kazalika da dukan sassa na gani analyzer, tsarin ba da sauki - a tsarin ware 10 yadudduka.

A tsarin da ido rami

Ocular core kunshi da ruwan tabarau, da kuma vitreous bẽnãye cika da ruwa. Yana bayyana a matsayin convex ruwan tabarau a garesu na m ruwan tabarau. Ya ba shi da wani jini ko jijiya endings da aka dakatar daga a-zangarniya kewaye da ciliary jiki, tsokoki da canza ta curvature. Wannan ikon da aka kira da masauki, kuma yakan taimaka wa ido ga mayar da hankali a kan kusa ko akasin haka, m batutuwa.

Bayan da ruwan tabarau, manne a cikinta, kuma m ga dukan surface na akan tantanin ido, shirya vitreous. Wannan ne bayyananne gelatinous abu da ya cika mafi girma daga cikin sashin jiki na hangen nesa. A abun da ke ciki na wannan gelatinous taro 98% - ruwa. Dalilin wannan abu - dauke da haske haskoki diyya intraocular matsa lamba canje-canje, tallafawa uri na siffar da eyeball.

Anterior jam'iyya a daure cornea da Iris. An alaka da wani almajiri da narrower raya jam'iyya, yana tsawaita daga Iris da ruwan tabarau. Dukansu intraocular rami cike da ruwa, wanda circulates da yardar kaina tsakanin su.

refraction haske

Kayayyakin analyzer tsarin shi ne irin da cewa da farko haske haskoki ake refracted da kuma mayar da hankali da cornea da kuma wuce ta hanyar da Iris da agara jam'iyya. Ta hanyar da almajiri cibiyar ɓangare na haske da dama a kan ruwan tabarau, inda shi ne mafi m mayar da hankali, sa'an nan kuma ta hanyar da vitreous jiki - da akan tantanin ido. An kimanta a kan haske a jikin batun image a rage kuma, haka ma, da inverted tsari da kuma samar da makamashi daga hasken haskoki photoreceptors tuba zuwa jijiyar. Bayani a kan hanyar da na gani jijiya shiga cikin kwakwalwa. Sanya a kan haske a jikin, ta hanyar abin da na gani da jijiya, shi ne bã tãre da photoreceptors, don haka ya kira makafi tabo.

Locomotion sashen hangen nesa

Ido zuwa dace amsa ga samuwar kasashe, dole ne mobile. A lokacin da motsi na na gani na'ura hadu uku nau'i-nau'i daga ido tsokoki: nau'i biyu daga mike da daya QFontDatabase. Wadannan tsokoki ne mai yiwuwa mafi high-gudun a cikin jikin mutum. Masarrafan da motsi na da eyeball oculomotor jijiya. Ya haɗu da juyayi tsarin na hudu daga cikin shida ido tsokoki da Ya azurta su da isasshen aiki da kuma hadewa ƙungiyoyi daga cikin idanu. Idan oculomotor jijiya, domin duk abin da dalili, daina aiki yadda ya kamata, shi ne aka bayyana a cikin da dama daga cututtuka: strabismus, ptosis karni, biyu abubuwa, mydriasis, masauki cuta, ido protrusion.

The m tsarin da ido

Ci gaba da taken wannan girma, kamar yadda tsarin da kuma aiki na gani analyzer, ba a ma maganar da tsarin cewa kare shi. A eyeball aka located a cikin kashi rami - sararin samaniya, a kan wani bugu-mamaye matashi mai, inda aka tam kariya daga wannan matsala.

Bugu da ƙari da kewayewa, a wani m jiki na na'ura hada da manya da ƙananan eyelids da gashin idanu. Su kare idanu daga waje na daban-daban abubuwa. Bugu da kari, da eyelids taimaka uniform rarraba kan ido hawaye ruwa a lokacin Ƙibtawa suna cire daga cornea minti barbashi ƙura. Girare, ma, wasu har suna da m aiki, kare idanu daga gudãna daga goshinsa da gumi.

A cikin manya m kusurwa na ido soket located lacrimal gland. Asĩrinsu kare, ya amfanin jiki da kuma moisturizes da cornea, kuma yana da disinfectant mataki. Da wuce haddi ruwa ta hanyar da hawaye bututu drains cikin hanci kogo.

Ci gaba da kuma kammala bayanai

Shugaba rabu analyzer kunshi wani biyu daga na gani jijiyoyi da cewa fita daga kwasfansu a cikin girman kwanyar rami da ya hada da wani musamman tashoshi, kafa wani m kashi mararraba ko chiasma. Images daga boko (m) na akan tantanin ido zama a kan wannan gefe amma a ciki baka - ketare da kuma daukar kwayar cutar zuwa kishiyar sashi na kwakwalwa. A sakamakon haka ne cewa da hakkin gani filin da aka sarrafa ta hagu yammancin duniya da kuma hagu - dama. Wannan zoba wajibi ne ga samuwar wani juz'i na gani image.

Bayan haye jijiyoyi shugaba sashen ya ci gaba da na gani fili. Kayayyakin bayanai shiga cikin kashi na cerebral bawo daga cikin kwakwalwa, wanda shi ne ke da alhakin sarrafa shi. Irin wannan zone aka located a cikin occipital yankin. Akwai zo a karshe na yi hira da samu bayanai a cikin wani na gani abin mamaki. Wannan shi ne tsakiyar ɓangare na gani analyzer.

Saboda haka, tsari da kuma aiki na gani analyzer shi ne irin abin da ƙeta a kan wani daga cikin sassa, ko ya gane kade-kade ko nazarin zone, ya kunsa gazawar da aikinsa a matsayin dukan. Yana da matukar m, bakin ciki da kuma cikakken tsarin.

Take hakki na na gani analyzer - nakasar ko samu - a juya, ta kai ga gagarumin matsaloli a fahimtar gaskiya da kuma nakasa.