A ɓangaren da na Kuznetsk ci tasa. Ina Kuznetsk ci tasa?

Kuzbass - daga cikin mafi girma da kuma mafi kyau-sani kwal a Rasha. A ingancin kwal mined nan, bisa ga masana, ba za a iya tambaye - shi ne daya daga cikin mafi kyau da kuma mafi m, a duniya. A daidai wannan lokaci, wani factor wadda bisa ga yawa manazarta, iya taka mummunan rawa a ci gaban da filin - da ɓangaren da na Kuznetsk Basin. Yankin na Rasha, a cikin abin da mayar da hankali da aiki ga kamfanonin na Kuzbass, Kemerovo yankin, isasshe cire daga mutane da yawa masu amfani da na ci, wanda zai iya zama wani key for gida harkokin kasuwanci.

Duk da haka, da sosai real al'amurra na kara raya Kuzbass, yana dauke da yawa masana'antu masana, akwai, da kuma m aiki a cikin wannan shugabanci ne underway, kuna hukunta da muhimmancin samar da kwal a 'yan shekarun nan. Kasuwancin gida, bisa ga wannan nuna alama, sun iya samu nasarar shawo kan rikicin na 2008-2009. To, ta yaya kamfanin rama da ci masana'antu ne ba quite mafi kyau duka, kuna hukunta da wasu kimomi, da ɓangaren da na Kuznetsk Basin a dangane da saye?

Kuzbass: general bayanai

Kuznetsk tasa aka dauke su nawa, inda aka mayar da hankali manyan reserves na ci - daya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya. An located in Western Siberia, yafi a cikin Kemerovo yankin. "Kuzbass" (daya daga cikin na wasa sunayen da yankin) da aka kewaye da Alatau Mountains, da kuma Shoria Salair Ridge. Da farko kwal da aka gano a nan a cikin farkon 18th karni. Amma masana'antu muhimmancin da yankin ya fara samun a cikin 1840s bayan da babban kimomi da reserves na ma'adanai a cikin Kuznetsk Basin. Yau Kemerovo ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a masana'antu gidaje, wanda aiki da extracting ci daga ƙasa, kuma ta m aiki. Yanzu da pool da dama dozin mahakar da Enterprises, tsunduma a bude-rami na sarrafa karafa.

Yanzu Trend na ci cirewa daga subsoil - a kan miliyan 200 ton a kowace shekara .. A ɓangaren da na Kuznetsk Coal Basin a cikin bangare na tattalin arziki yadda ya dace ne da tattaunawa a tsakanin masana. An yi imani da cewa Kuzbass ba duka nasarar - ga manyan masu saye na ci nisa kamar yadda kai kayayyakin ba da mafi ɓullo da yankuna. Watau riba da aka kiyasta a matsayin ba high isa, musamman a cikin wannan al'amari, kamar yadda Gwargwadon wuri na Kuznetsk Basin game da mabukaci. Akwai karin matsakaici view. A cewar ta, da riba daga Kuzbass ne daidai da wasan kwaikwayon na fi sauran Rasha da kuma da yawa daga cikin duniya adibas.

Coal hako ma'adinai da kuma aiki

Ina Kuznetsk ci tasa, mu yanzu sani. Bari yanzu mu bincika a more daki-daki sa'an nan abin da na ayyuka na aluma, mayar da hankali a yankinsa. Coal ne mined nan a hanyoyi daban-daban: boye, bude da kuma na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa. Bayyana, ba shakka, na farko - shi lissafinsu game da 65%. Open rami mined game da 30% kwal. A pool yanki ne m operable dama dozin ci shiri shuke-shuke.

A matakin na kayan aiki Manufacturing mechanized kayan aiki da aka kiyasta da masana a matsayin high. Tare da isasshen technologizing, wasu har cika wa, idan mun yi magana game da pessimistic kima da aka ba da da mu sama, ba quite mafi kyau duka yanayin matsayi na Kuznetsk Basin. Watau riba da aka inganta da m gabatarwar kayan.

Yadda ya yi da filin

Gano inda Kuznetsk ci tasa, za mu iya yin wani daban-daban irin amfani m - a cikin ma'aunan kasa tarihi na filin. Coal - mai ma'adinai ajiya wanda albarkatun suna kafa a kan miliyoyin shekaru. An yi imani da cewa ta babban yadudduka kafa a nan a cikin Jurassic lokaci. Duk da haka, na farko ci-qazanta gidaje a nan sun riga bayyana a cikin Permian lokaci, watau game da miliyan 250. Shekaru da suka wuce. Kafin wannan, kamar yadda muka samu daga zuwa geologists, da Kuzbass shi ne na farko bay a cikin teku, da kuma daga baya - karkarar da wani babban yanki na dausayi.

Halitta da anthropogenic dalilai na ci gaba

Yana da amfani, don su bincika ba kawai Gwargwadon wuri na Kuznetsk ci tasa, amma kuma al'amurran da cewa yin tunãni yadda da key sunadaran da hulda da na halitta da kuma gina a yankin na anthropogenic dalilai. Likitan mata River siffofin da ake kira "hydrographic" cibiyar sadarwa. Duk da haka, da pool ne ma ketare kogin Tom, albarkatun ruwa wanda aka amfani ga masana'antu da kuma m bukatun yankin.

A yammacin ɓangare na ajiya kai a fairly babban matakin urbanization. A mafi girma da tasiri na mutum factor lura a yankunan arewa Kemerovo, kuma game da Mezhdurechensk.

ci Properties

Ba wai kawai da yanayin wurin da Kuznetsk Basin kayyade riba na masana'antu aiki a nan. A mafi muhimmanci al'amari - da kaddarorin kwal, ta quality. Mene ne fasali na babban ma'adinai mined nan? Kuzbass ci raznosortnyh isa. Duk da haka, ingancin mafi yawan su jinsin aka kiyasta da masana a matsayin high. Akwai iri dake tare da m vitrinite na - har zuwa 90%, calorific darajar - har zuwa 8600 kcal / kg. Kuzbass garwashin za a iya amfani da a matsayin man fetur coke da bukatun da masana'antu da kuma sinadaran masana'antu. A mafi muhimmanci dukiya daga cikin manyan ma'adinai na Kuznetsk Basin - daukan hotuna aiki. Wannan yana buɗewa up babban m domin kara raya kasa na filin da kuma sarrafa a cikin Enterprises. A musamman, wani gagarumin yawan fitarwa na aiki a kamfanoni a masana'antu zai iya isa ba kawai kwal, da kuma daban-daban iri darajar-kara kayayyakin bisa shi. Bugu da kari ya ci a cikin Kuzbass yankin kuma suna da ikon samar da wasu irin iskar gas. Kuma wannan shi ne wani alamar yanki a cikin filin da kuma ci gaban da yankin a matsayin dukan.

tattalin arziki da al'amurra

Mene ne m yi na Enterprises daga Kuzbass? Ta yaya dacewa Gwargwadon wuri na Kuznetsk Coal Basin a cikin bangare na nan gaba ci gaban da ajiya? Manazarta, kazalika da wakilan da kasuwanci da'irori tsunduma a cikin masana'antu fahince halin da ake ciki na ci masana'antu na Kuzbass yadda wuya. A karshe 'yan shekaru a can ya kasance da wasu volatility a cikin kudi na samar da main ma'adanai. Akwai version cewa wannan sashi shi ne musamman m zuwa crises. A musamman, shi ne mai gaskiya - a lokacin da koma bayan tattalin arziki na 2008-2009, farashin wasu irin ci rage ta sau da dama.

Duk da haka, manazarta yi imani da yiwuwa ga ci gaban da ajiya ne sosai daban-daban. Abin yana da muhimmanci sosai - tabbatar da ikon na gida Enterprises daidaita da wa rikicin yanayi. Sama mu lura da cewa, farashin kwal ya fadi a cikin rikicin. Bayan karfi girma a cikin 2000s a Kemerovo yankin rage samar a 2008-2009. Amma riga a 2010, da na gida nawa sun kai matakin da yake gaban koma bayan tattalin arziki. A m shekaru, da kudi na ci samar tashi steadily a Kemerovo.

Daya daga cikin muhimman wuraren a cikin filin ci gaba, kamar yadda wasu masana - da search for sabon kasuwanni. Don wadda, musamman, matsayin dangi Kuznetsk tasa kai hanyoyi optimally saba. Daga cikin musamman gaggawa matsaloli na Kuzbass - babban kudin haihuwa kwal, ya yiwuwa ga matalauta ingancin category.

A daidai wannan lokaci, masana nuna babban yabo, kamar yadda muka ce, ingancin kwal. A dangane da halin kaka wanda kayyade zumunta matsayin Kuznetsk tasa kai hanyoyi za a iya cika wa a cikin sha'awa na masana'antu samuwa tabbacin ingancin man fetur Kemerovo. A lokuta da dama, jaddada manazarta, kwal daga Kuzbass, ko da a cikin kasashen da mafi cigaban tattalin arziki na iya zama dalilin kudin-tasiri samar. Alal misali, a kasar Japan, akwai da dama kamfanonin da tsunduma a zurfin aiki na man fetur daga Rasha, tare da sakamakon cewa fitarwa shi ne kayayyakin bukata kasuwa da kuma yana da babban kara darajar.

Daga cikin yiwu kayayyakin da za su iya zama sakamakon zurfin aiki da kwal daga Kuzbass - abin da ake kira "syngas." Ana iya amfani da a cikin ikon tashar a matsayin wani bangaren a cikin yi da daban-daban aka gyara domin sinadaran masana'antu. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ci gado methane iya samar, kuma haka ma, in babba yawa. A karshen 2000s a Kemerovo yankin ne daya daga cikin na farko a Rasha a cikin shugabanci na aikin da aka aiwatar.

Yiwuwa ga aiwatar da irin wannan tunanin, manazarta ce, mafi bayyane - An halitta, a gaskiya, wani sabon kasa masana'antu, samar da sabon iri kayayyakin za a kafa, za a gabatarwar m fasahar, sabis, za su haifar da ƙarin jobs. Amma ga reserves na coalbed methane - Kemerovo, bisa ga yawa manazarta, da wannan ne duk dama. An sani, misali, Taldinskoye filin m ajiye wuce 40 biliyan. Cu.

Ganin cewa a cikin kai da kuma ɓangaren da na Kuznetsk Basin ne halin da kwararru da yawa kamar yadda ba mafi kyau duka, da mayar da hankali na gaba ci gaban da ajiya ya kamata, a cewar wasu manazarta, ya sa a kan fitarwa na ci ba sosai kamar yadda ta kayayyakin. Aiwatar al'amurra a wannan shugabanci ya dogara da uku main dalilai. Da fari dai, shi ne fadada da kasancewar a kasuwannin cikin gida, da kuma ta dogara, ba shakka, a kan shirye kara tsanani da ci Enterprises da wutar lantarki masana'antu. Abu na biyu, shi ne a manufofin kare bukatun da sha'anin adibas a cikin bangare na su hulda da na waje da 'yan wasan - nasarar wannan yanki na aiki, bi da bi, ya dogara, kamar yadda masana suka yi ĩmãni, a kan shirye na hukumomin gwamnati don aiwatar da m protectionist matakan. Na uku, shi ne samuwan rance da kuma sauran zuba jari - wannan factor ne mafi yawa qaddara aiki na kudi 'yan wasa.

Coal benefication a matsayin manyan fifiko

Daya daga cikin alamar rahama, bisa ga kwararru da yawa, yayi a ci gaba da Kuzbass, kazalika da duk na ci masana'antu na Rasha Federation matsayin dukan - shi ne gina wuraren ga ci aiki. A lokacin, da muhimmancin aiwatar da daidai directional fasahar a Rasha an kiyasta ta manazarta kamar yadda kasancewa mafi girma. Alal misali, a da yawa da sauran ci-samar da iko - Australia, ko Afirka ta Kudu - enrichment aiwatar a kusan dukan masana'antu masana'antu. Idan Kuzbass zai zama guda, akwai damar, manazarta yi imani da cewa halin da ake ciki na masu amfani da tare da girmamawa ga Kuznetsk Basin da sufuri hanyoyi, bisa manufa, a kiyaye su a mafi ƙarancin a cikin ra'ayi na tasiri a kan tattalin arziki da viability na gida Enterprises.

Dukan more haka yanzu a cikin Kuzbass da kyakkyawan sakamako a cikin wannan shugabanci. Yawan kwal beneficiation magani a nan - fiye da 40%. Idan muka magana musamman game da abin da ake kira "makamashi" dadin jikina - cewa fiye da 25%. Wannan shi ne sau da yawa fiye da da, misali, a cikin farkon 2000s. A Kemerovo yankin yana da dama dozin aiki Enterprises. Mai sabon hakar ma'adinai ayyukan, ko ta wani hanya, alaka da hadewa a cikin tsarin da shuke-shuke ci shiri. A babba girmamawa aikace-aikace fasahar sa maida hankali hadawa da ikon rike wani iri-iri da garwashin - biyu makamashi da kuma coking. A lokaci guda wani yawan Game da iri da wuraren da cewa suna located a cikin Kemerovo yankin, kamar yadda da yawa masana yi imani, su ne aka rabu amfani da dukiya. Mutane da yawa daga cikin concentrators an aiki ga fiye da shekaru 50. Dole, manazarta ce, zamanintar da samar da albarkatun.

sababbin abubuwa

Daya daga cikin muhimman wuraren a inganta da riba daga kamfanonin da Kuzbass - bidi'a. Nasara ayyukan ake fi mayar biya diyya ba mafi kyau idan ka bi daya daga cikin versions, da matsayi na Kuznetsk Coal Basin a dangane da safarar hanyoyi da aka ambata a sama. A musamman, a karshen 2000s, musamman masana'antu shakatawa da aka kafa a yankin, a cikin abin da ake ci gaba da aiwatar da dama fasahar da cewa kara yadda ya dace da kuma kariya na ci hakar ma'adinai. Akwai mahakar a Kemerovo yankin, inda hakar ma'adanai daga qasa ne gaba daya sarrafa kansa - aiki yawan aiki ne da ya fi yadda a al'ada.

Jihar support factor

Mun riga aka bayyana a cikin ginshikai na hulda da key dalilai da cewa sanin da nasarar kara raya Kuzbass: fadada daga cikin ciki kasuwa, kariya da hukumomi, kazalika da aiki na kasuwanci da kuma zuba jari a cikin bangare na bashi da taimakon kudi ga masana'antu Enterprises sun zama tushen ci gaban da rabi. Mun kuma ga yadda za alamar da yiwuwar m Kuznetsk Coal Basin, da ɓangaren da abin da tare da girmamawa ga masu amfani da kwararru da yawa da alama kasa da mafi kyau duka.

Duk da haka, da aikin na jihar ya kamata su zama, bisa ga manazarta, har ma fiye da muhimmanci, bayan da ikon yinsa, daga cikin aiwatar da protectionist matakan. Features na kasuwanci da cewa kayyade yanayin wuri na Kuznetsk Coal Basin, da aka sani na gwamnati masana. Kuma domin suna da fahimta da yadda manazarta yi imani da cewa zai yi wuya ba tare da matakan da suka dace na jihar goyon bayan da kwal masana'antu na Rasha da kuma Kuzbass.

Shi ne bai isa, masana sun ce, iyaka zuwa furucin na amfani da bayarwa yawa aluma shirye-shirye. Da ainihin yawan tasiri da matakan da za su iya bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaban na ci masana'antu - kamar, misali, da fifiko a cikin bangare na VAT. Wani zabin - inganta manufofin bashi sake fasalin kudin na hasara-yin Enterprises a cikin masana'antar, kazalika da kawar da uncompetitive kamfanonin. A musamman, a karo na biyu bangare na jihar iya dauka kan wasu zamantakewa wajibai.

Wani zai yiwu gwargwado, a cikin abin da gwamnatoci za su iya tallafawa kamfanonin na Kuzbass, - taimako a samun cheap rance. Ko, a madadin, domin su gudanar da wani ɓangare na amfani biya a kan basussukan, wanda na iya, a yanayin da halin yanzu siyasa halin da ake ciki na iya girma da muhimmanci.

Al'amurra - ha] in gwiwar

A cewar kwararru da yawa, ciki har da key ayyuka na batutuwa na karafa masana'antu na da wani irin, wanda zai shafi riba da kuma tattalin arziki nasarar da sha'anin - ikon gina hadin kai - biyu a kan gida da kuma matakin kasa da kasa, biyu cikin sharuddan hulda da hukumomi da kuma jiha-manyan kamfanoni, da kuma a cikin shugabanci na aiki tare da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Gaskiyar cewa Gwargwadon wuri na Kuznetsk ci tasa a matsayin dukan yana da ba quite zuwa riba, sani kusan duk kasuwar 'yan wasa. Duk da haka, da shirye yin hadin gwiwa tare da kamfanonin da Kuzbass yawa kasuwanci suna nuna sosai kan yarda, ciki har da kasashen waje.

Muhimmiyar rawa don wasa ba kawai kasuwanci kwangila, da yadda da yawa daban-daban na jama'a events: nune-nunen, bikin, taro, forums. Shi ne a kan su, a cewar masana, kayansa mãsu kafuwar ga hadin gwiwa tsakanin Rasha da kamfanonin ne a tsakãninsu, kuma tare da sa hannu na manyan kasashen waje da 'yan wasa. Irin abubuwan, musamman, sun taka, a cewar wasu manazarta, sosai a bayyane rawa wajen kawar da sakamakon da Enterprises daga Kuzbass 2008-2009 rikicin. A lokacin ciniki da aka gudanar a wadannan shekaru, da aka gudanar dubban tarurruka, daruruwan wanda aka yi niyya ga aiwatar da hadin gwiwa ayyukan.