A auka daga cikin Ottoman Empire: tarihi, Yanã, illa da kuma ban sha'awa facts

A yakin duniya na farko, wanda ya kawo gaya wahalhalu ga mutanen da na Turai, sanya makawa auka daga cikin Ottoman Empire ga ƙarni mamaye a kan manyan yankunan, wanda sun zama wanda aka azabtar da ta voracious soja bazuwa. Tilasta shiga Tsakiya Powers, kamar Jamus, Austria-Hungary da kuma Bulgaria, shi ne tare da su dandana dacin shan kashi, iya ce mafi game da kaina a matsayin manyan duniya daular.

The kafa na Ottoman Empire

A ƙarshen XIII karni, Osman Gazi Na gada daga mahaifina Bey Ertogrul iko a kan m Turkish hordes inhabiting Firijiya. Zayyanawa da 'yancin kai na wannan gwada da kananan yankin da kuma shan da lakabi na Sultan, ya ya iya cinye wani gagarumin bangare na Asiya Ƙananan kuma samu haka iko daular, mai suna a cikin girmamawa Ottoman. Ta aka ƙaddara taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tarihin duniya.

Tuni a cikin tsakiyar na XIV karni Turkish sojojin komai a fili a kan tekun na Turai da ta fara faduwa dogon fadada, Ya tabbatar da shi a jihar a XV-XVI ƙarni daya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya. Duk da haka, a farkon auka daga cikin Ottoman Empire, An riga a cikin XVII karni, a lokacin da ba da sanin kashi kafin da kuma dauke iya karawa Turkish sojojin sha wahala a crushing buga a ganuwar da Austria babban birnin kasar.

A farko shan kashi na Turawa

A 1683, Ottoman hordes garzaya zuwa Vienna ci birnin karkashin kewaye. Mazaunanta, ji yawa game da daji da kuma m hali wadannan dabbanci nuna al'ajibai na heroism, don kare kansu da kuma 'yan uwa daga mutuwa. Kamar yadda tarihi takardun, nasarar da kare da aka fi mayar yuwuwa ta da cewa akwai mutane da yawa shahararren soja Mashawarta waɗanda shẽkaru a cikin sansanin sojoji, wanda ya kasance iya competently kuma da sauri dauki dukkan matakan tsaron gida.

Yaushe za a rabo daga cikin maharan da aka yi nufin taimakon kewaye zo, King of Poland. Suka gudu, suka bar Kiristoci ganima. Wannan nasara, wanda ya fara auka daga cikin Ottoman Empire, ya ga mutane na Turai, a sama da dukan, wani m darajar. Ta dispelled da labari na invincibility na kowa iko da tashoshin jiragen ruwa, kamar yadda shi ne al'ada tsakanin Turawa kira Ottoman Empire.

Fara yankin asarar

Wannan shan kashi, kazalika da yawan m kasawa sun sa fursuna a Janairu 1699 Karlovitskogo duniya. A cewar wannan daftarin aiki Porta rasa kafin shi iko da yankin Hungary, Transylvania da Timisoara. Gẽfunanta sun canja zuwa kudu ga wani babba nesa. Yana da aka riga quite wani nauyi duka mata na sarki mutunci.

Masifa a cikin XVIII karni

Idan na farko da rabi na gaba, XVIII karni, an alama ta wani soja nasarorin da Daular Ottoman, kyale shi albeit tare da ta wucin gadi asarar Derbent, amma riƙe damar yin amfani da Black kuma Azov Tekuna, rabi na biyu na karni kawo yawan setbacks, kuma ƙayyade nan gaba auka daga cikin Ottoman Empire.

Da shan kashi na Turkish yaki, wanda Catherine II kai ga Ottoman Sultan, sanya karshe ãyã a cikin Yuli 1774 yarjejeniya, a karkashin abin da Rasha samu ƙasar mikewa tsakanin Dnieper da kuma Kudancin Bug. Next shekara kawo wani sabon bala'i - Port hasarar hakura da wani da Austria Bukovina.

Kammala ga Ottoman XVIII karni cikakken bala'i. Karshe shan kashi a Rasha-Turkish yaki suka kai ga ƙarshe na wani sosai unfavorable da wulãkantãwa Jassy duniya, bisa ga abin da sharar gida ya Rasha duk arewacin Black Sea yankin, ciki har da Crimean sashin.

A sa hannu a kan daftarin aiki amincewa cewa daga ranan da kuma har abada mu Crimea, sa Prince Potemkin da kaina. Bugu da kari, Ottoman Empire aka tilasta mika Rasha ƙasashe tsakanin Kudancin Bug da Dniester, kazalika zo sharuddan da asarar ta rinjaye matsayi a cikin Caucasus da Balkans.

A farkon sabuwar karni da kuma sabon matsaloli

A farkon auka daga cikin Ottoman Empire a cikin karni na 19th aka ƙaddara ta wani shan kashi a Rasha-Turkish yaki na 1806-1812. A sakamakon wannan yarjejeniya da dan kwallon a Bucharest na wani, a gaskiya, detrimental da yarjejeniyar mashigai. A Rasha gefen aka mafi yawa izini Mihail Illarionovich Kutuzov, kuma Turkish - Ahmed Pasha. Dukan yankin daga Dniester ga Prut tashi Rasha da kuma zama da aka sani a matsayin na farko yankin na Bessarabia, sa'an nan lardin Bessarabia, yanzu Moldova ne.

A yunkurin da Turks a 1828 a wani yunkurin kai da Rasha fansa a gare da kashi juya wani sabon kashi da wani hannu da na gaba shekara a Andreapol yarjejeniya, deprives shi na riga kyawawan kadan mara albarka ƙasa na Danube Delta. A saman da matsaloli a lokaci guda ya ayyana samun 'yancin kai Girka.

Gajere nasara, kuma wani canji na raunuka

The kawai lokaci sa'a Ottoman a lokacin Crimean War of 1853-1856, ineptly rasa Nicholas I. magajinsa a kan kursiyin da Rasha sarki Alexander II da aka tilasta cede Bessarabia Ƙofar mahimmin juzu'in, amma a cikin m shekaru 1877-1878 wani sabon yaki kõma zuwa ga wuraren zama.

Ci gaba Lalacewar Ottoman Empire. Shan amfani da wani m lokacin, a cikin wannan shekara ta rabu daga Romaniya, Sabiya da kuma Montenegro. All kasashe uku ayyana 'yancin kansu. Yana ƙare XVIII karni zuwa Ottoman ƙungiyar na arewacin Bulgaria da kuma ƙasa tãsu a cikin daular, mai suna Southern Rumelia.

The yaki tare da Balkan Union

XX karni Dates baya ga karshe auka daga cikin Ottoman Empire da kuma Turkiyya Jamhuriyar ilimi. Wannan aka riga da jerin abubuwan da suka faru, wanda aka fara a 1908, Bulgaria ayyana samun 'yancin kai da kuma kawo karshen game da shi, to da ɗari biyar Turkish karkiya. Wannan ya biyo ta da yaƙi na 1912-1913, ya ayyana Ƙofar Balkan Union. Yana hada da Bulgaria, Girka, Serbia da kuma Montenegro. Dalilin wadannan jihohi da aka kama yankuna na yayin da Ottoman.

Duk da cewa da Turks sa biyu iko da rundunarsu, ta Kudu da kuma ta Arewa, da yaki, wanda ya ƙare a nasara ga Balkan Alliance, ya kai ga yarjejeniyar da wani yarjejeniya a London, deprives wannan lokaci Ottoman Empire kusan dukan Balkan sashin, ya bar ta da kawai karamin sashi na Istanbul, kuma Thrace. Babban ɓangare na shagaltar da yankuna sun samu, Girka da kuma Serbia, wanda ya karu a kudi na su yankin kusan ninki biyu. A waɗannan kwanaki, da kuma shi kafa sabuwar jihar - Albania.

A shela na Jamhuriyar Turkey

Game da yadda za a auka daga cikin Ottoman Empire a cikin shekaru da suka biyo, ba za ka iya kawai tunanin, wadannan cikin shakka daga cikin yakin duniya na farko. So a sake samu a kalla kashi na rasa a cikin karni na karshe, da yankuna, da Port dauki bangare a cikin tashin, amma wa masĩfa, a kan rasa gefen iko - Jamus, Austria-Hungary da kuma Bulgaria. Da shi shi ne karshe duka, crushing da zarar mai girma daular, kawo tsõro zuwa ga dukan duniya. Ban cece ta kuma lashe 1922 nasara a kan Girka. Kan aiwatar da Lalacewar ya riga babu ja.

A yakin duniya na farko ya ƙare tare da sayen dan Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa a 1920 Sevres yarjejeniyar, a karkashin abin da kawayenta shamelessly pilfered baya, sun kasance a ƙarƙashin Turkish iko da ƙasa lashe. Duk wannan ya kai ga cikakken rushewar ta ayyana 29 Oktoba 1923 da Jamhuriyar Turkey. Wannan harka alama karshen fiye da ɗari shida labaru na Ottoman Empire.

Mai bincike ga dalilin auka daga cikin Ottoman Empire, musamman a cikin ci baya na tattalin arziki a kasar, musamman low matakin na masana'antu, akwai bai isa ba hanyoyi da kuma sauran hanyoyi na sadarwa. A kasar da cewa shi ne a matakin na da feudalism, kusan dukan yawan jama'ar da aka jahilci. By yawa Manuniya daular kasance mafi sharri ci gaba fiye da sauran jihohi na zamani.

Makasudin shaida cewa rushewar daular da

Magana ne game da abin da dalilai nuna Lalacewar Ottoman Empire, shi ya kamata a ambata na farko na dukkan siyasa matakai faruwa a shi a farkon na XX karni da kuma shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu ba a baya lokaci. Wannan shi ake kira Sun Turk juyin juya halin na 1908, a lokacin da ya kwace mulki a kasar mambobi na kungiyar "Union da kuma ci gaba". Sun hambarar da gwamnatin Sultan kuma sa tsarin mulki.

Yunkuri dogon kiyaye su cikin mulki, aka maye gurbinsa da magoya bayan hambararren Sultan. Bi-up lokacin da aka cika da jini ya sa ta collisions takaddama ƙungiyõyin da canji na shugabanni. Duk wannan ba gardama shaida da cewa wani karfi Karkasa ƙarfinsu ya kāsa, da kuma zo auka daga cikin Ottoman Empire.

A takaice Summing up, shi dole ne a ce cewa Turkey ya kammala hanya, domin ƙarni aka shirya domin duk States, sun bar su da alãmarsu a tarihi. Wannan ne haihuwa, m flowering kuma a karshe koma baya, sau da yawa take kaiwa zuwa su nau'i nau'i. A Ottoman Empire bai je gaba ɗaya kada a gane, zama a zamanin yau, ko da yake m, amma ba da rinjaye memba na duniya al'umma.