A babban hanji: ayyuka da kuma tsarin

A tsarin narkewa kamar na wani mutum, wanda ya hada da ciwon, halin da dama Tsarin da ayyuka na ta daban-daban sassan. Yana da wuya a gane asali narkewa kamar cuta, wanda rinjayar da timeliness da kuma tasiri na warkewa jamiái da kuma hanyoyin. Shi ne ba wani asirin da cewa tare da tabarbarewar muhalli da yanayi, kazalika da m hali na mutum da kiwon lafiya, kara a yawan gastrointestinal cututtuka a duniya. Sau da yawa suka zama na kullum, rage tsawon da inganci na rayuwar dan Adam. Wannan labarin da nufin bayyana a cikin sauki sharuddan da sifa da aiki na kananan da manyan hanji mutum, kazalika da ka san ko da ya fi na kowa cuta a cikin aikin da gastrointestinal fili.

Janar halaye na narkewa kamar tsarin

Her aiki za a iya kwatanta su da wata katuwar factory don aiki na abinci, ta tsakiyan nonon mata, assimilation da kuma yin amfani da kayan. Kowane sashen tsarin musamman biochemical halayen faruwa shafe arsenal na enzymes da kuma ilimin aiki abubuwa, kamar bitamin.

Ciwon sifa da aiki da abin da muke karatu, physiologically dauke a matsayin mahaluži da hannu a cikin mugunya, narkewa, sha da kuma kau da kayan daga cikin manya sassan. Don gane da siffofin, da farko la'akari da yadda manyan hanji.

manyan hanjin

A histological shirye-shirye ne a fili a bayyane 4 yadudduka: mucous, submucosal, murdede kuma serous. Su samar da main ayyuka na manyan hanji mutum: samuwar lymphocytes cewa wasa a m rawa a cikin kira na B bitamin da kuma bitamin K da m kwayan Flora, gamsai samar, inganta gabatarwa na chyme. Daya daga cikin manyan ayyuka na ciwon ne sha na ruwa da kuma mafita daga kwayoyin da inorganic abubuwa, abu don samuwar fecal chyme.

A ilimin halittar jiki na ciwon

Yana yana da tsawon 1.5 m, kuma an raba zuwa shida sassa: cecum da appendix, suna hawa, mai gangara, na saukowa da sigmoid ciwon, da kuma dubura. A gaban uku a tsaye tsoka strands, wucewa ta cikin manyan hanji, da kuma bayar da mayatnikovoobraznye peristaltic contractions da ganuwar. A palpation, ciwon saukin kamu saboda su mucous membrane daukan nau'i na m fadada da kuma ƙanƙancewa. Suna kafa a wuraren da zobe hanji tsokoki aka bayyana mafi karfi. Don ƙarin cikakken ɗaukar hoto daga cikin ayyukan mutum ciwon la'akari musamman ta farko sashe.

cecum

Located in dama iliac rabo daga peritoneum, shi yana da tsawon 3 zuwa 10 cm, kuma shi ne kama da jakar. Daga baya na ganye appendix. Ganuwar da cecum asirce enzymes kamar secretin, ta hanyar abin da narkewar chyme. Har ila yau, shi ne tunawa da wuce haddi ruwa.

Shafi ƙunshi mikrouzelki aiki a kan rigakafi da m aiki. Yana kuma shi ne wani aiki na raya kasa da amfani microflora. A mafi m pathologies hada typhlitis cecum, appendix, marurai da polyps.

Tashin kuma mai gangara ciwon

Su ne a ci gaba da cecum da kuma ba ya asirce narkewa kamar, (enzymes) amma kawai da hannu a cikin sha na ruwa da kuma gishiri mafita. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa compaction na chyme da kuma samuwar ya tumbi. Ciwon, wanda ayyuka su ne da farko a cikin fitarwa na undigested abinci sharan yana bends: dama (hanta) da kuma bar (baƙin ciki) alaka da mai gangara ciwon. ta aiki - gamsai samar da sha na ruwa da kuma Wutan. Cututtuka hade da hawa ciwon ne cushewar, polyps, aganglionarny megacolon (Hirschsprung ta cuta), colitis.

Mai gangara ciwon yana cikin mafi girma da tsawon. Daga sama da shi ne a lamba tare da hanta, gallbladder, saifa, kuma pancreas wutsiya Department. Its ganuwar ta ci gaba da samar da gamsai kuma sha ruwa da kuma ma'adinai salts.

Narkewa a cikin manyan hanji

Za'ayi godiya ga enzymes daga cikin hanji ruwan 'ya'yan itace: cathepsin, peptidase, lipase, amylase. Su aiki ne game da 200 sau da ƙananan fiye da abin da na m enzymes daga cikin kananan hanji. Musamman da muhimmanci shi ne gaskiya. Abin da tsakiyan nonon matakai a cikin ciwon bukatar gaban probiotics - kungiyoyin kwayoyin saki cellulose. Wadannan sun hada da bifidobacteria, lactobacilli.

A cikin manyan hanji na jimlar nauyin 3-5 kg da ake kira da hanji microflora. Yana qara mugunya narkewa kamar ruwan 'ya'yan itace, rinjayar da furotin da kuma ma'adinai metabolism, ke taka rawa a cikin samuwar rigakafi. A ciwon, wanda aiki da muka kira, shi ne wani physiologically lafiya idan ta tafiyar matakai na rayuwa na fermentation da putrefaction adalci. Da zarar microflora abun da ke ciki canza (msl, a lokacin da ikon maye ko saboda magunguna, musamman maganin rigakafi) suna kunne kuma putrefactive kwayoyin bayyana cututtuka: colitis, dysbacteriosis, dyspepsia.

The sauko da sigmoid ciwon

A splenic flexure yanki rabo ne game da 30 cm a tsawon, wanda mika matakai ruwa da kuma electrolyte sha da kuma inganta tumbi. Shi ne ake kira da saukowa ciwon. A wurin da kunya tsari na ilium ne wani ɓangare na ciwon sphincter maki. Next, la'akari da abin da aiki na ciwon a karshe na ciwon sashen kira sigmoid ciwon. Shi ne partially m. Idan, a lokacin da palpation tsãwa da aka ji, wannan na nufin cewa a cikin sigmoid ciwon kumburi ya auku, tare da jari na cikin ruwa abinda ke ciki da kuma gas. A da shi, kamar yadda a cikin gangara ciwon, shi ne sau da yawa wani raguwa a motility, wadda take kaiwa zuwa sabon abu na maƙarƙashiya - spastic hanji motsi bata lokaci ba. Yana da yake a wadannan sassa na ciwon, wanda aiki - kai da kuma fitarwa na gubobi - siffofin da stool, sa'an nan ya wuce zuwa cikin dubura.

Cuta da sigmoid da tsanani sakamakon for mutum kiwon lafiya. Lokacin da shi kumburi (colitis ko sigmoid) kamu da zawo, kuma m cramping a bar iliac rabo daga peritoneum. Suna tare da bloating da belching. Baya al'ada rage Pendulum da peristaltic ƙungiyoyi a cikin sigmoid ciwon iya wuya saboda wani sedentary salon, m rage cin abinci, da kuma fiber-tsautsayi kayan lambu zaruruwa. A sakamakon wadannan take hakki da kuma shi ne maƙarƙashiya, wadda take kaiwa zuwa guba na dukan kwayoyin. A sigmoid ciwon, da samuwar gryzhepodobnyh bags - protrusions, sakamakon ci gaban da cushewar. Shi ne mafi kowa a cikin tsofaffi, a hade tare da m hanji ciwo. Its bayyanar cututtuka sun hada da alternating maƙarƙashiya da zawo, tashin zuciya, da zazzaɓi. A cutar za a iya wuya da wani ƙurji, kuma shi ne musamman m.

dubura

Shi ne karshen narkewa kamar canal. Its yawa zuwa 15 cm dyne. A ciwon, wanda ayyuka a wannan ɓangare na gastrointestinal fili ne da kau da tumbi kammala tsuliya canal da kuma dubura. The dubura ne sphincters: na farko a kan iyakar da sigmoid ciwon, da wadannan uku da ake kira proximal, ciki da waje sabani. Dukan su suna da hannu a cikin physiologically al'ada aiwatar da defecation. A mucous Layer daga cikin dubura yana da folds da indentations, kira tsuliya sinuses.

Tsakanin su, kuma dubura ne annular rabo - hemorrhoidal yankin. A da shi, godiya ga submucosa Layer, yiwu wani kadan tashin hankali da kuma kawar da na mucosa, densely braided capillaries rectal arteries da jijiyoyinmu. M rectal Vienna yana da wani bawuloli, don haka ganuwar ta sau da yawa mika - wannan take kaiwa zuwa stagnation da kuma bayyanar hemorrhoidal Cones. A lymphatic tsarin na cikin dubura da aka samu da hannu a cikin rigakafi da kuma hana baza kamuwa da cuta.

A cikin wannan labarin da muka duba tsarin da kuma babban ayyuka na ciwon.