A garin Mirny (Yakutia): da lu'u-lu'u nawa. Tarihi, bayyanai, photos

A Soviet sau, karkarar kasar mu da aka gina da isasshen yawan birane, da yawa daga waxanda suke da gaske ne kawai suke ta Gwargwadon wuri da kuma yin amfani da aikin injiniya da mafita. Irin wannan ne gari na Mirny (Yakutia). Quarry lu'u-lu'u karafa, wanda aka located in da iyakokinta, shi ne daya daga cikin abubuwan al'ajabi na zamani a duniya, tun burge tare da size, ko da kwararrun.

"Bututu na zaman lafiya"

By hanyar magana, a wani kimiyya hanyar da quarry - "kimberlite bututu", wanda Bears suna "The World." A birnin kanta ya bayyana bayan da gano da kuma farkon raya kasa, da kuma, sabili da haka, aka mai suna a cikin ta girmamawa. A quarry ne ba na gaskiya ba zurfin 525 mita da diamita na game 1.3 km! Ta kimberlite bututu da aka kafa a zamanin da, idan daga zurfin duniya tamu a babban gudun barke lawa kuma zafi volcanic gas. A sashen, shi yayi kama da gilashi ko mazugi. Godiya ga babban ikon da fashewa, daga Earth aka jefa kimberlite - abin da ake kira dutse dauke da na halitta Diamonds.

Sunan wannan abu da aka samu daga sunan kasar Afirka ta kudu a garin Kimberley. Akwai wani lu'u-lu'u yin la'akari kusan 17 grams da aka samu a 1871, sakamakon a karkara wanda ba a iya lura da shi ba ambaliyar zuba prospectors da adventurers daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kazalika akwai mu birnin Mirny (Yakutia)? Quarry - shi ne tushen ta bayyanar.

Kamar yadda aka samu tawa

A tsakiyar watan Yuni na shekarar 1955, Tarayyar Soviet geologists a Yakutia aka neman burbushi na kimberlite da kuma je a kan auku larch, wanda tushen sun vyvorocheny na ƙasar mai iko guguwa. Wannan halitta "blank" ya ɗauki fox, da digging wani rami a can. An yi mana hidima a mai kyau gadon sarautarsa: da launi na duniya masana gane cewa dila den ne mai girma kimberlite.

A Moscow, ya aka nan da nan ya aiko a sakaye rediyo sakon: "lit bututu na zaman lafiya, m taba!" Kamar 'yan kwanaki a cikin hamada miƙa babbar ginshikan yi kayan aiki. Shi ke nan saboda birni fito Mirnyi (Yakutia). Quarry ya ci gaba a cikin matsananci yanayi. Daya ya kawai ya kalli snowbound rami don gane grand ikon yinsa, daga cikin aikin da za'ayi a nan!

A tawagar daga Afirka ta Kudu

Karya ta mitoci da dama na permafrost, shi ya yi amfani da dubban ton na high nakiyoyi. Tuni a cikin 60s na karshe karni na filin fara haƙuri ba biyu kilo Diamonds, da kuma ba kasa da 1/5 na su don su fice inganci da za a iya aiko da kayan ado Stores bayan yankan. Sauran duwatsu suna baje amfani a Soviet masana'antu.

A filin da aka tasowa haka hanzari da cewa kasar Afrika ta Kudu kamfanin De beers aka kawai tilasta saya har da shaft Soviet Diamonds kawai don kauce wa duniya koma bayan tattalin arziki farashin. Shugabannin na kungiyar ya kai} arar zuwa ziyara a garin Mirny (Yakutia). Quarry buga su, ba su ne kawai zauna a can wani ɗan gajeren lokaci ...

masana'antu Tricks

A Soviet gwamnati ta amince, amma bukaci Abin pro wannan tarihi - to a filin a Afirka ta Kudu a yarda da Soviet kwararru. Tawagar daga Afirka zo a Moscow ... kuma akwai da yawa jinkiri, saboda baƙi ake kullum halshen banquets. Lokacin da masana isa a karshe a garin Mirny, a Viewing na aiki da suke yi ba fiye da minti 20.

Amma gani dukansu daidai mamakin da zuciyar. Alal misali, baƙi kawai ba zai iya kwatanta wani lu'u-lu'u hakar ma'adinai fasahar ba tare da yin amfani da ruwa. Duk da haka, kome abin mamaki a cikin Yakut yanayin damina domin wannan ba: a cikin wurare kusan watanni bakwai na shekara tsaye subzero zazzabi, da kuma tare da permafrost wargi ba shi daraja. A wani hatsari wuri ne birni na zaman lafiya! A duhun rĩjiya ne cewa idan kana so za ka iya ko shirya wani dada teku.

A Brief History of samarwa

Daga shekarar 1957 zuwa 2001, Diamonds ake mined a cikin adadin fiye da $ 17 miliyan dubu. Quarry kusa da garin Mirny a Siberia a kan aiwatar da bunkasa kumbura saboda haka cewa daga kasa zuwa surface na tsawon hanya ga manyan motoci takwas kilomita bãya. An fahimci cewa a shekara ta 2001 da ajiya ba m: a lu'u-lu'u hakar ma'adinai bude rami zama ma m. Masana kimiyya sun iya koyon cewa rayuwa kara zuwa zurfin fiye da kilometer, kuma a cikin wadannan yanayi bukatar a daina boye ya tawa. By hanyar magana, da ta kai ta zane damar daya ton miliyan na tama a 2012. Yau, masana sun yi imanin cewa tasowa wannan musamman ajiya iya zama wani da shekaru 35 (kimanin).

Wasu matsaloli na yankin

Helikofta tashi a kan quarry aka tsananin haramta, kamar yadda irin wannan jirgin - wasu mutuwa ga mota da kuma matukan jirgin. The dokokin kimiyyar lissafi kawai jefa saukar ungulu zuwa kasa na quarry. A high ganuwar tube ma short drawbacks: akwai ba fatalwa yiwuwar cewa wata rana da ruwan sama da kuma yashewa zai kai ga samuwar mai girma gagarumar cewa gaba daya mamaye garin Mirny (Yakutia). A sana'a cewa yana da wani photo a cikin takarda kuma za a iya amfani da dalilai da cewa wasu na iya la'akari da wannan a fantasy. Muna magana ne game da yiwuwar samar da wani rami a wani Titanic musamman birnin nan gaba.

"City na Future": mafarki ko gaskiya?

The shugaban wannan aikin da aka nada Nikolai Lyutomsky. A mafi wuya wani ɓangare na mai zuwa aikin - don ƙirƙirar cyclopean kankare tsarin, wanda zai ba kawai karfafa ganuwar da quarry, amma shi zai cika, samar da kara karfin. Wannan zai zama wani m yawon shakatawa janye, wanda zai yi fariya kawai birnin zaman lafiya!

Quarry, photos na wanda za a iya gani a cikin binciken, ana sa ran rufe a kan saman m Dome, flanked da hasken rana bangarori za a shigar. Hakika, da sauyin yanayi a Yakutia ne musamman mai tsanani, amma rashin rana kwanaki. Energy bayar da shawarar cewa ga shekara kadai zai iya samar da wani baturi na akalla 200 MW da makamashi. A karshe, zai yiwu a yi amfani da zafi na duniya da kanta.

Gaskiyar ita ce, a cikin hunturu, wannan yanki ne sanyaya saukar zuwa -60 digiri Celsius. Yeah, yana da wuya a hãsadar ga waɗanda birnin ne gida da Aminci (Yakutia). Quarry, wanda rinjayar da photo, promorazhivaetsya kamar wancan ne, amma kawai zuwa zurfin 150 mita. Kasa - abada sifili zazzabi. Futuristic birni ne ya kamata a raba nan da nan cikin uku main tiers. A mafi ƙasƙanci son girma da kayayyakin gona, a kan talakawan, shi ana sa ran alama cikakken-birane zone.

A na sama - yanki zama na mutane, a cikin Bugu da kari ga rai bariki za a ofisoshin, nisha cibiyoyin da sauransu. Idan yi shirin ne cikakken aiwatar, birnin yankin zai zama miliyan uku "murabba'ai". A lokaci guda akwai iya saukar da har zuwa 10 dubu mutane. Game 36 dubu jama'a na birnin kanta ne m (Yakutia). Quarry, zurfin wanda shi ne game da rabin kilomita, zai ba da damar su zuwa kage shakata, ba don tashi wannan ƙasashe masu nisa.

Sauran bayanai a kan aikin "Ecocity"

Da farko, da aikin da aka ba sunan "Ecocity 2020", amma a yau a fili yake cewa da manufa kwanan zuwa aiwatar da shi a fili ba zai yi aiki. Af, abin da shi ne da za a gina a duk? The al'amarin mazaunan: kawai watanni biyar na shekarar da rai yanayi fiye ko žasa dace a dadi kudi, da kuma sauran lokaci da suka rayu a yanayin zafi da suke da mafi hali na Arctic da Antarctica. City za ta ba da damar su shakata a kowane lokaci na shekara, basking a rana, da kuma a kan samar iya aiki na giant gonaki kamata ba za a manta: dukkan mazauna da kuma yawon bude ido da za a bayar da fiye da bitamin a 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu.

Don ƙananan matakan sami yalwa da haske a tsakiyar nawa ake sa ran zama da lighting na wata katuwar diamita. Bugu da kari ga hasken rana bangarori, wanda tasiri ne har yanzu m isa (da matsaloli tare da shigarwa), wasu injiniyoyi bayar da zaɓi na nukiliya ikon shuka yi. Yau, duk wannan tana kasancewa ne sosai blurry tsare-tsaren. Ina so in fatan cewa birnin Mirny lu'u-lu'u nawa wanda aka sani a duk faɗin duniya za a fi dadi rayuwa a ciki mutane.

Ban sha'awa facts lu'u-lu'u hako ma'adinai

Kamar yadda muka ce, a cikin 60s na shekara a nan shi aka mined har zuwa biyu kilo Diamonds, da kuma wani na biyar daga cikinsu yana da babban dutse mai daraja da inganci. Per tonne na tama lissafta har zuwa wani gram na tsarki raw kayan, kuma daga duwatsu akwai mutane da yawa da suka zo domin kayan ado aiki. Yau da ton na tama da game 0.4 grams na Diamonds.

The most lu'u-lu'u

A karshen watan Disamba 1980, da most lu'u-lu'u a dukan tarihi na filin da aka samu a nan. Wannan giant, yin la'akari 68 grams, samu babban title of «XXVI Congress na CPSU."

Lokacin da samar aka katse bude?

Lokacin da "gama kashe" lafiya? Diamond nawa ya zama haɗari a ci gaba a cikin shekarun 1990s, a lokacin da samar da kai zurfin 525 mita. A duhun rĩjiya aka flooded. Shi ne "duniya" da ya zama mafi girma a lu'u-lu'u rami a kasar mu. Hakar dade fiye da shekaru 44. Har sai wannan lokacin, samar da jagoranci kamfanin "Sakha", da shekara-shekara riba wadda wuce $ 600 miliyan. Yau, da nawa gudanar "Alrosa". Wannan kamfani shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma da lu'u-lu'u kera a duniya.

Lokacin da ya yi da ra'ayin na rufaffiyar nawa?

Riga da shiri na farko rami da aka fara a shekarar 1970, kamar yadda kowa ya gane da rashin yiwuwar ci gaba da bude-rami na sarrafa karafa. Amma a kan wani m-akai, wannan hanya da aka canjawa wuri a 1999 kadai. Don kwanan wata, an san cewa har yanzu akwai wani mai rai a zurfin 1200 mita. Yana iya iya cire Diamonds da zurfi.

Wannan shi ne yadda raw kayan arziki a Yakutia: Mirny, a quarry inda staggering kowane - daya daga cikin kafofin na kasa jindadin. Diamonds cewa an mined akwai, tafi ba kawai da bukatun fashion kamfanoni, amma kuma domin samar da wani iri-iri na hadaddun na'urorin da sunadaran.