A Italian kundin tsarin mulki: tarihi da kuma janar halaye

Italiya ta tsarin mulki da aka soma a shekarar 1947. Hakika, tun lokacin da aka partially canza - game da goma sha biyar gyara da aka gabatar a 'yan shekarun nan. Duk da haka, janar guzuri zama guda. Amma yanzu kundin tsarin mulki, shi kunshi sassa biyu da kuma goma sha biyu ka'idodi.

A Italian kundin tsarin mulki: da tarihin asali

Ba asiri da cewa kasar da aka ayyana a jamhuriyar a cikin karni na karshe, amma tsarin mulki dama a Italiya ya samo asali a cikin past da dama ƙarni. Yana duk fara da tallafi na abin da ake kira "Albertine matsayi" a 1848 a kan ƙasa na Mulkin Sardinia. Tuni a cikin shekara ta 1870, bayan wani cikakken daidaituwa dukkan Italian asashe, "Status" ya zama na farko da kundin tsarin mulki na kasar.

Lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, akwai har yanzu wanzu a tsarin mulkin daular mulkinsu. Duk da haka, da farko kundin tsarin mulki na Italiya, da kuma gabatar da wasu mulkin demokra shugabanci na kasar ta ci gaba. A ci gaba da irin gwamnatin da aka katse a 1922, lokacin da kasar da aka gabatar da totalitarian farkisanci gwamnatin, yayin da shugaban jihar tsaya Benito Mussolini.

A watan Disamba, 1925, wani sabon dokar, wanda ya kafa kasar daya-ƙungiya tsarin mulki, da Duce (da shugaban jam'iyyar) shi kadai wakiltar zartarwa reshe na gwamnati. A 1943, Italiya, wanda yana goyan bayan da Japan da Jamus da aka ci a yakin duniya na II. Shi ya zama alamomin domin kawar da farkisanci tsarin mulki.

A shekarar 1946 wata kuri'ar raba gardama da aka gudanar. sakamakon sun nuna sha'awar kawar da yawan jama'a na totalitarianism, don haka shi aka tattara majalissar dokokin wucin gadi, inda aka yanke shawarar bayyana kasar a jamhuriyar, wanda ya faru Yuni 18, 1946.

A sabon kundin tsarin mulki na Italiya a shekara ta 1947 da aka soma da Majalisar ta rinjaye zaben. A sakamako, ta shiga kwanaki hudu daga baya - Janairu 1, 1948, kuma ko da yake tun da Yarjejeniya ya halartar wasu canje-canje, da na kowa siffofin ne guda.

A Italian kundin tsarin mulki: a general Siffar

A gaskiya, wannan POLITICO-doka daftarin aiki ya ƙunshi wani sa na dokoki, gami da zamantakewa da kuma shari'a tsarin, doka, kuma falsafa tsarin. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, da Italian kundin tsarin mulki kunshi dama sassa:

• gabatarwa sashe "Basic Principles", wanda ya ƙunshi 12 articles.
• babban ɓangare na "hakkoki da wajibai da Jama'a".
• babban ɓangare na "na'urar da Jamhuriyar".
• tsaka da karshe dokokin.

A cewar wannan takarda, duk ikon da aka raba uku rassan da misali:

• Dokoki ikon nasa ne na musamman ga 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar, kazalika da yankin majalisarku, amma kawai da iyãkõkin su iyawa.
• A shari'a ikon da aka bada a cikin kotun tsarin da kuma ma'aikatar shari'a.
• A zartarwa ikon - ne prerogative na shugaban kasar da kuma ministocin.

Af, da Italiyanci kundin tsarin mulki da kuma bayyana dangantaka ta musamman da cocin Katolika: yana da daraja tuna cewa wannan shi ne inda ne ayi da Vatican State. Back a 1929 tsakanin Italiya da Vatican Concordat aka sanya hannu kuma Yarjejeniyar (ɓangare na Lateran Pacts): bisa ga su da Vatican na da hakkin ya m Mulki. Bugu da kari, Katolika da aka tsara a matsayin addinin al'ada na Italiya. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa, ban da wannan, da Italiyanci kundin tsarin mulki raba coci daga jihar da kuma tana biye da ka'idojin daidaici da dukan addinai.