A jama'ar na Tula yanki: adadin, yawa

Daya daga cikin tsofaffin yankuna na Rasha, Tula yankin, yana mai tsawo da kuma ban sha'awa tarihi, wanda ya faru a farko wuri godiya ga mutane. Yankin Tula yawan ne, a hannu daya, da hankula hoto na kasar, a kan sauran - akwai takamaiman siffofin, wanda suke kuma ya kamata magana.

A labarin kasa na yankin

Yankin Tula ne ayi kusan a tsakiyar Turai na Rasha. Daga cikin babban birnin Tula raba game da 150 km. A yankin kan iyakar kasar da Moscow, Lipetsk, Ryazan, Orel da Kaluga yankuna. A yankin na yankin ne 25,6 dubu murabba'in mita. km. Masauki a kan arewa-maso-gabashin ɓangare na Jamhuriyar Rasha Upland kayyade lebur ƙasa na yankin.

Yankin Tula aka located a cikin steppe da gandun daji steppe zones. Akwai wadata da na sabo ruwa a cikin wani nau'i na raya kogin cibiyar sadarwa, game da daruna na Oka da Don. da dama kududdufai halitta don samar da ruwa ga ƙauyuka. Duk da haka, a lokacin da bushe lokaci a kananan yankin ji karancin ruwa.

Tula yankin ya kasance kullum domin ta shahara gandun daji, yau game da 13% na yankunan shagaltar da deciduous plantings. Tula ma'adanai a kusa da wani bit. Wannan shi ne wani abu daga ci, kuma tama adibas, ciki har da strontium, yana bunkasa arziki adibas na peat, daga 15th karni farar ƙasa mined kusa Tula.

A tati na yankin sun dade da aka rayayye yi amfani ga aikin noma. A jama'ar na Tula yanki mafi maida tasowa kudancin baki duniya yankin.

yanayin damina

A yankin da aka bred a cikin temperate nahiyar sauyin yanayi, wanda aka halin sanyi, amma ba matsananci winters da dumi lokacin bazaar. The talakawan zafin jiki sa a kusa 5 digiri da. Tsakanin tabbatacce Manuniya a kan ma'aunin zafi da sanyio har zuwa 220 days a shekara.

A cikin filin sau da yawa fada ruwan sama har zuwa 570 mm. A bazara kakar fara a marigayi May, kuma yana har sai farkon watan Satumba, da talakawan zafin jiki a watan Yuli, mafi zafi watan, shi ne 19 digiri.

Winter fara a watan Nuwamba da kuma snow cover da aka kafa a karshen wannan watan. A coldest wata - Janairu, ma'aunin zafi da sanyio a kan talakawan a wannan lokaci da dama don debe 10 digiri.

Quite m, hali na tsakiyar Rasha yanayin yanayi ya kai ga cewa akwai ko da yaushe mutane ne suke zaune. A jama'ar na yankin Tula yana da kyau saba da ta sauyin yanayi da kuma iske shi dadi zauna. Babu mai tsanani frosts da sweltering zafi, da rana haskakawa sau da yawa isa. Duk wannan yana da kyau sakamako a kan amfanin gona noma. al'adu, kazalika da namomin kaza da berries, waxanda suke da arziki a cikin gida gandun daji.

A tarihin shiri a cikin yankin

A farko mutane suka zo wurin waɗannan ƙasashe wani 12 shekara dubu da suka wuce. Akwai sun akai-akai samu ragowar mutane Kiliya Paleolithic, Mesolithic da Neolithic. Baki ya rayu a nan daga bankunan na kogin Desna, zuriyar da Balts da Vyatichi.

Masana kimiyya mamaki da abin da yawan jama'a na Tula yanki dauke m? Soma gargajiya version cewa girma daga cikin mazaunan zo daga farko Slavic kabilu, wasu mutane ne kawai wani ƙarin kabilu.

Vyatichi sun himma da kuma masterovitym mutane, sun kasance gwani a metallurgy, noma, saƙa. Suna da biya haraji ga Khazars, da Kievan shugabannin da za a hõre hare-hare. Amma lokaci-lokaci hare-hare har yanzu faru, da aka gina domin kāriyar da sansanin soja birni Dedoslavl sa'an nan Belev da iko oak sansanin soja, sa'an nan akwai Novosil, kuma Tula Aleksin. Waɗannan su ne manyan da karfi shiri. Game da su akai-akai da aka ambata daban-daban chroniclers.

A 1380, a yankin akwai sanannen Battle of Kulikovo, bayan da ta fara da daidaituwa na Rasha ƙasashe kewaye da Moscow. Tula yankin ya zama wani muhimmin yankin a cikin tsaro na kudancin kan iyakar da Moscow mulkin.

A 17th karni shi zai fara da bunkasa masana'antu na Tula ƙasar nan don gina wani iko metallurgical nazarinsa, wanda kerarre high quality makamai ga Rasha sojojin. A cikin marigayi 18th karni da aka halitta Tula lardin, zai fara wata masana'antu albarku cewa dade daga 'yan interruptions har farkon karni na 20th.

A Soviet sau, yankin Tula ya talakawa, amma da muhimmancin yankin. Ga aka rayayye tasowa masana'antu, da aikin noma, ne karkashin raya ma'adinai adibas. A post-Soviet sau yankin fara ci gaba da yawon shakatawa da kansu, kamar yadda a can bayyana da dama kamfanonin samar da zumunta da tattalin arziki da kwanciyar hankali a yankin.

A muhimmancin yawan

Tun 1897 shi gudanar yau da kullum na saka idanu na yawan mazaunan a yankin. Sa'an nan kuma akwai rayu 1.4 miliyan. Kafin gyara yankin ne quite barga girma a cikin karni na 20th, ko da yake bai isa a kula rates. Kuma tun karshen 80s mai karfi downturn fara. Saboda haka, a cikin filin, akwai 1,906 mutane miliyan, kuma a shekarar 2000, a shekarar 1978 - riga 1.743 miliyan. Kuma da koma bayan tattalin arziki da aka har yanzu faruwa.

Yau, jama'ar na Tula yankin ne 1,506 miliyan. Yana bai taimake su fita daga cikin alƙaluma ganiya shirin "haihuwa babban birnin kasar" na yankin, wanda ya nuna high dace. Amma wasu dalilai kai ga cewa empties yankin. Bala'i al'amarin yake shekara-shekara zuwa na yawon ci-rani, mafi yawa mazauna kasashen CIS. A kowace shekara a yankin zo kusan 3000 mutane. Yaya mutane da yawa a yankin Tula zai kasance a nan gaba, masana da ba ka shirya amsa a yau, amma gwamnati ne a fili da matsala da cewa dole ne a jawabi idan yankin ba gaba daya babu komai.

Gudanarwa division da kuma yawan rarraba

Yau, da talakawan yawan yawa a yankin Tula ne 58,6 mutane da murabba'in kilomita. km. Duk da haka, akwai wani sarari amfani a yawa tsakanin birane da kuma yankunan karkara. A cikin shekaru 50 da shekaru, yawan 'yan kasa ya karu da 20%. Yau miliyan 1.2 mutane suna rayuwa a cikin birane, kusan 80% na yawan - da townspeople. Village wofintar da kuma mutuwa. Yau da yawan biranen yankin Tula ne rarraba kamar haka: da birni mafi girma - Tula (485 dubu mutane.), Sauran garuruwan, sun fi ƙarancin adadi. Novomoskovsk - 126 dubu mutane, Don -. 64 dubu, Aleksin -. 58 dubu mutane Schekino -. 57 dubu, Nodal -. 52 dubu .. A sauran birnin har kasa. The karami gari - Chekalin (965 mutane).

alƙaluma da halaye

Yankin Tula yawan nuna wani bayyananne Trend zuwa ga tsufa. Haihuwa da mutuwa rates suna fadowa, da yawan fara rayuwa kadan ya fi tsayi, wani talakawan of 69 shekaru. Wannan ne mai matukar low adadi ga Rasha, wanda ya nuna ya fi karfinsu yanayin rayuwa a yankin.

A high kudi na halaka kai, mutuwar daga zamantakewa mũnãnan ayyuka kuma muhimmanci. Adversely shafi a rayuwa da kuma muhalli halin da ake ciki, wanda yake a cikin yanki na yau shi ne ba da kyau. Alƙaluma da nauyin 773 nakasassu mutum ga kowane dubu ma'aikata (a cikin makwabtaka da yankuna, adadi ne 711 mutane).

halaye na yawan

A jama'ar da suke zaune a yankin Tula, Rasha zai fi dacewa game da 95%. 1% ne Ukrainian, sauran kabilun wakilta kungiyoyin na kasa da 1%. Babban harshen sadarwa - shi ne ma Rasha. The rinjaye addini - Orthodoxy.