A mafi kyau ayyukan Pasternak B.: Jerin ban sha'awa facts da kuma sake dubawa

Boris Pasternak - Rasha mawãƙi kuma marubuci. Ya kuma rike da mafi kyau fassarorin na Shakespeare da kuma sauran kasashen waje litattafansu. Pasternak aka bayar da kyautar Nobel. Ga abin da littafin Rasha marubuci samu a babbar kyauta? Kuma abin da rawar da aka buga da taron a ransa? Pasternak ayyukan - topic na labarin.

biography

Boris Pasternak aka haife shi a Moscow, a cikin m iyali. Mahaifina ya da wani artist. Uwar - pianist. Pasternak ta gidan da aka located a cikin zuciya na babban birnin kasar. A mawãƙi daga yara kewaye da artists. A gidan frequented by shahararrun marubuta, artists kuma masu kida. Daya Apartment Pasternak ziyarci har ma da Rilke. Saba da Jamus mawãƙi, mawaki Scriabin da sauran manyan mutane taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban da wani m hali.

Pasternak ayyukan gani kwaikwayo wanda ya samu a matsayin yaro. Wata rana, ya fadi a karkashin naushe na zanga-zanga suka taru a yanka. Kamar haka sai ya rubuta shekaru daga baya a daya daga cikin waqe. A nan gaba mawãƙi, ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare. Malamai buga tenacity da kuma jimirin wani matashi. A nema a gare kammala ba su bar ransa.

Boris Pasternak, ya sauke karatu daga Faculty of Law a Moscow. Ya yi karatu falsafa a Jamus. Tare da mahaifansa biyu, ya ziyarci Venice a 1912. Wasu ayyukan Pasternak, rubuta a farkon karni, aika da tunanin mai tafiya zuwa Turai.

A 1921, da iyali bar Rasha. Iyaye da 'yar'uwa zauna a Berlin. A mawãƙi kansa tun 1936 yayyanke zauna a Peredelkino. Rasha marubuci kuma mawãƙi, ya mutu a shekarar 1960. Aka binne shi a cikin hurumi, dake kusa da kauyen na marubuci a Peredelkino.

A farkon kerawa

Bayan ya dawo daga Jamus, nan gaba mawãƙi yanke shawarar ya kebe daga yanzu mafi yawan lokaci da binciken na falsafa. Wannan lokaci ne kuma farkon ya wallafe-wallafen hanya. Pasternak ta farkon ayyukan da aka halitta a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da ayyukan Rasha Futurists. Daga cikin kasida da suka yi a kan dake tasowa da wallafe-wallafen tasiri, na farko, ya kamata mu ambaci Vladimir Mayakovsky.

Cikin shahararrun ayyukan Pasternak, jerin wanda aka gabatar a kasa, an halitta bayan juyin juya hali. Amma da farko tarin da ya makala ya buga a 1913. Duk da haka, shi hada da ba wai kawai aikinsa amma kuma da waqe-waqe da sauran kasida.

A 1916 ya buga littafin "Sama da shingen". A cikin rawar da mawãƙi a lokacin da shi da aka fairly da aka sani a wallafe-wallafen da'irori Boris Pasternak. Works da suke kunshe a wannan tarin: "Marburg", "Yard", "hunturu sama", "Farin Ciki", "Echo", "Swifts", "Ural karo na farko", "Break-up", "snowstorm" da sauransu.

" 'Yar uwata - Life"

Wannan tarin aka buga a 1922. Sõyayya da na kowa dabara a wannan lokaci Pasternak ta ayyukansu. List of waqe kunshe a cikin tarin " 'yar uwata - Life":

1. "Waltz da hawaye."
2. "Rayuwa".
3. "Fabrairu, don samun tawada, kuma kuka!".
4. "Station".

Memories na yarantaka da kuma samartaka Pasternak hade tare o in. Jerin sama ne haƙĩƙa, ba iyakarsa. Mafi yawa daga cikin waqoqi da suke kunshe a wannan tarin aka halitta a 1917. Kuma a cikin shekaru biyu kafin ta buga Pasternak rubuta da waka "ɗari tara da biyar shekara", "Spektorsky", "Lieutenant Schmidt".

litattafan

A cikin marigayi twenties, Boris Pasternak rubuta kasa shayari. Sai ya jũya zuwa ga litattafan. A farko da suka kasance kananan makala, memoirs. A 1930 ya buga littafin "Safe Tsawaita". A wannan lokacin, da ikon mallakar marubuci wajen tagomashi. Duk da haka, nan da nan ta dangane da makomar marubucin labari "Doctor Zhivago" ya canza.

a cikin doghouse

Wasu lokaci Pasternak bi da tare da wani girmamawa da kuma ko da sha'awa ga Stalin. Bayan kama Gumilev rubuta masa wasika a cikinsa ya nemi da a saki na mawãƙi ne. A fatawar da aka sanya. Kuma nan da nan saki. Amma dangantakar dake tsakanin Pasternak da Soviet gwamnati sun soured a 1936. Daga cikin mawãƙi fara bukaci akida ciki, wanda a cikin rubuce-rubucen da aka ba kamata. Pasternak, bi da bi, ya ba su iya saduwa da wannan bukata. A cikin kasidu fara bayyana more kuma mafi fili da ban tausayi tabarau.

Fassarori

A forties, kasa rubuta Boris Pasternak. Famous ayyukan Shakespeare, Goethe, Schiller aka canjawa wuri zuwa gare su. Kamar wancan ya ajiye iyalinsa daga rashin kudi. Amma daga baya ya yarda cewa ya ciyar da mafi kyau shekaru a kan canja wurin, yayin da har yanzu iya ƙirƙirar yawa lyric, kuma litattafan aiki. Har zuwa karshen kwanaki, da marubuci ya a cikin doghouse. A cikin littafin da ayyukansa, da kuma daga cikin tambaya.

Pasternak, wanda mafi kyau aiki ne kawai a cikin marigayi eighties aka sani zuwa Soviet masu karatu, aka gyara bayan mutuwarsa. A shekarar 1988, labari "Doctor Zhivago" da aka farko da aka buga a cikin tarayyar Soviet. Shi ne kawai a cikin nineties shiga shayari shirin cewa rubuta Boris Pasternak.

The Nobel Prize

Ga abin da aikin ya aka bayar da marubuci na wannan babbar kyauta? The labari "Doctor Zhivago", da aka buga a shekarar 1958 a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da aka karanta ta kawai iyaka yawan mutane. Nobel Prize aka bayar ga marubuci ya taimako ga ci gaban da almara Rasha labari. Soviet jami'an matsayin littafin "Doctor Zhivago" da aka kira wani shafa. Fadin kasar, ya fara baiting.

Pasternak aka fitar daga cikin Writers 'Union. Game da shi hada fushi articles da shahararren marubuta, ciki har da Sergei Mikhalkov. Semiofficial wakilan Soviet litattafan nema su rabu da marubucin na rigima labari na dan kasa da kuma fitar da su daga ƙasar. Pasternak, wa ni'ima daga abokan gabansa, to sa, amma ya aka yi da aka sani a Turai. Abin mamaki shi ne cewa cikin littafin da aka soki da yawa. Amma kusan babu wani daga cikinsu ya karanta shi.

Daga baya, mawãƙi rubuta waka da ake kira "Nobel Prize". Domin wannan aiki ya aka kirã su zuwa ga cikin Lubyanka. Wannan lokaci ya aka gaske barazana da sukan "cin amanar kasa." Amma, an yi sa'a, kome ya faru.

Saboda haka, Pasternak zama na biyu Rasha ta Nobel ga wallafe-wallafe. Na farko shi ne Ivan Bunin. The labari, wanda ya sa aka bayar da kyauta, da ake kira dogon abin kunya a mahaifarsa. Menene aikin da ya janyo sosai ƙiyayya?

"Doctor Zhivago"

A samfurin da ya jawo iskar haushi, ya gaya game da makomar dan wani fatara kasuwa. A protagonist - Yuri Zhivago - zuriyar da zarar m iyali. Amma mahaifinsa ya yi watandar dukan arziki a carousing. A gwarzo da labari ya dauki a kan ilimi na maza Gromeko. Yuri tsiro tare da 'yar, Tonya, wanda daga baya zai zama matarsa.

Yuri ya zama likita. Da zarar, a lokacin da Na yi har yanzu dalibi, ya halarta da ta faru: yarinya sanya wani ƙoƙari na kashe sanannun Moscow lauya Komarovsky. Wannan mutumin ya taba sa hannunsa zuwa ga lalata Rayayye dissolute uba. Yuri ko da yaushe tuna yarinya, kokarin harba Komarovsky. Sunanta ya Larissa. Ta zama ya lover, shekaru baya, a lokacin yakin duniya na farko, a lokacin da Yuri ya likita na daya daga cikin larduna asibitoci.

A yakin basasa ya juya kome juye. Zhivago baya zuwa Moscow, amma a cikin gidan inda ya ciyar da matasa, yanzu hosting wani sarkin ƙofa Markel. Tare da Yuri ya yanzu yana magana daban. Bayan duk, akwai maganar: wanda bai kasance kõme ba zai zama komai. Zhivago auri Markel ya kuma nan da nan ya mutu daga wani ciwon zuciya. A karshe babi na labari akwai wani taro na abokai Zhivago. Daya daga cikinsu - Michael Gordon - matsahi na saba da extramarital yar George da kuma ne mai tarin ya waqe. Daga cikin wadannan poetic ayyukansu:

1. "Alƙarya".
2. "A Mai Tsarki."
3. "Wedding".
4. "Autumn".
5. "White Night".
6. "Breaking Dawn."
7. "Winter Night".
8. "Miracle".
9. "Magadaliya."
10. "A bad kwana."