A Moscow Helsinki Group - a kungiyar kare hakki. Lyudmila Alexeyeva - shugaban Moscow Helsinki Group

Kamar yadda ka sani, Ya halitta 05/12/1976 Moscow Helsinki Group - wata kungiya sadaukar domin kula da aiwatar da uku na Helsinki yarjejeniyar dauke da agaji labarin. Sun hada da kayan abinci a kan muhimman hakkokin yan-adam, da kiyaye abin da mambobi na da hakkin dan adam motsi a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da aka sanya idanu ga dama da suka gabata. A cikin halittar kungiyar da aka sanar a wani taron manema labarai a cikin ginin na Soviet likita Andreya Saharova.

Tarihi na halitta

A Moscow Helsinki Group (MHG) a fuskar Yuri Orlov, da kafa, da kuma na farko da shugaban ya gabatar burinta kamar haka. Kungiyar zai saka idanu yarda da Helsinki jawabi na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma sanar da duk States wanda sun sanya hannu wannan daftarin aiki, tare da Tarayyar Soviet, game da duk wani take hakki.

Bugu da kari Yuriya Orlova, da kungiyar hada Alexander Ginzburg, Lyudmila Alexeyeva, Natan Sharansky, damban ne Vitaly Rubin, malva Landa, Alexander Korczak, Elena Bonner, Anatoly Marchenko, Mikhail Bernshtam Peter Grigorenko.

tilasta sayi

A Helsinki ya haɗu aza aikin share fage ga wani inji wajen saka idanu da yarda da su bukatun. A musamman, da shugabannin tawagogin ya zama domin tantance yarda da duk abokin jihohin hannu su da'awarsu, a shekara-shekara taro. A Moscow Helsinki Group fatan cewa bayanai bayar a kan take hakki na articles game da hakkin dan Adam, za a yi la'akari a taron, da kuma cewa mulkin demokra] iyya zai bukaci cewa Tarayyar Soviet ta rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya kashe a cika, ciki har da al'adu articles. Rashin yin haka zai iya haifar da rushewar da Helsinki ya haɗu, wanda Soviet shugabanci ba su jurewa. A cikin bukatun da Tarayyar Soviet shi ne ya kula da wani musamman garabasa kwangila to shi, shan la'akari da cewa kasar da aka zub da jini fari dogon kadaici daga sauran duniya da kuma frenzied makamai tseren.

tasiri aiki

The kungiyar kare hakki, wanda kunshi kawai goma sha members, ba ze iya saka idanu da dukan sararin ƙasa na Tarayyar Soviet. Ƙarshe MHG mambobi kasance kamar yadda m kamar yadda duk sauran 'yan ƙasa da Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma duk da kayan aiki kunshi biyu haihuwa typewriters. A daya hannun, Moscow Helsinki kungiyar hada da gogaggen kare da suka taru a lokacin babban adadin abu a kan ya shafa batutuwa. Haka kuma, kasashen waje tashoshin rediyo da watsa shirye- shiryenta a kan ƙasa na Tarayyar Soviet, kullum cike da records na Moscow Helsinki Group, kuma ta fara samun bayanai game da keta hakkin dan Adam a fadin kasar. A musamman, membobin kungiyar sanar da gwagwarmaya na Ukrainian, Lithuanian, Jojiyanci kuma Armenian kasa motsi.

A lokacin da shekaru 6 ta zama ba, da kungiyar ta yi da kuma mika wa West game da 195 rahotanni na keta hakkin dan Adam a cikin tarayyar Soviet. Wadannan rahotanni dauke da bayanai game da hane-hane a kan hakkin ya yi amfani da harshe, to sami ilimi a cikin harshe, da sauransu. D. Addinai gwagwarmaya (Baptists, Adventist, Pentecostals da Katolika) gaya game da take hakki na da hakkin ya sami yancin yin addini. Jama'a wanda ba 'yan wani ƙungiyoyi, ya ruwaito maras yarda da sulusin na Helsinki ya haɗu, wanda sun sha wahala daga ko dai kansu, ko kuma' yan uwa.

mai kyau misali

Daga baya, wadannan model na Moscow Helsinki Group, a watan Nuwamba shekarar 1976, aka kafa Lithuanian kuma Ukrainian Helsinki Group, a Janairu 1977 - Georgia, a watan Afrilu - Armenian, a cikin watan Disamba 1976 - da Kirista kwamitin domin kare hakkokin mũminai a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a cikin watan Nuwamba 1978 g - The Katolika kwamitin domin kare hakkokin muminai. Helsinki kwamitocin kuma ya bayyana a Poland da kuma Czechoslovakia.

dauki

A watan Fabrairu 1977, Ukrainian da kuma Moscow kungiyoyin na kama fara. Daya daga cikin na farko da aka kama shi shugaban MHG Yuri Orlov. Mayu 18, 1978 ya aka yanke masa hukumcin shekaru 7 a gidan yari, tare da wuya ƙwarai da shekaru 5 na zaman gudun hijira. A kotu daukarsa harkokinsa kamar yadda anti-Soviet agitation da kuma farfaganda ga rushe da Soviet jihar da kuma tsarin. A ranar 21 ga Yuni na wannan shekara Vladimir Slepak aka yanke masa hukumcin shekaru 5 na zaman gudun hijira. Yuni 14, Natan Sharansky aka yanke masa hukumcin shekaru 3 a gidan yari da kuma shekaru 10 a wani m-zangar sansanin.

Da kaka na shekara ta 1977 da suka kasance hana yanci ga fiye da 50 mambobi ne na Helsinki kungiyoyin. Da dama daga cikinsu aka yanke masa hukumcin dogon kurkuku sharuddan, wasu mutu a gabãnin su saki.

A kalaman na nuna goyon baya

Kafofin watsa labarai a mulkin demokra] iyya kasashen - abokan tarayyar Soviet ta Helsinki ya haɗu rufe Helsinki tsari da kuma zalunci na membobinta a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma ta tauraron dan adam jihohi. A jama'a a wadannan kasashe ya mayar da martani ga wannan zalunci da samar da nasu kungiyoyin da Helsinki kwamitin.

A cikin halittar American Helsinki Group da aka sanar a watan Disamba na shekarar 1978. Similar kungiyoyi daga baya fito a Canada da kuma wasu kasashen yammacin Turai kasashe. Su burin ne ta dakatar da tsananta da abokan aiki da kuma matsa a kan su kasa gwamnatoci karfi nema daga Tarayyar Soviet na Helsinki ya haɗu da kisa.

A 'ya'yan itatuwa na aikin

Wadannan kokarin haifa 'ya'yan. An fara tare da Madrid taron a watan Oktoba 1980, mulkin demokra jihohin Jam'iyyun sun zo kowane taro baki daya murya wadannan bukatu. A hankali yarda da wajibai na uku "kwandon" ya zama daya daga cikin manyan al'amurran da Helsinki tsari. A lokacin Vienna taron na 1986 da aka sanya hannu, a ƙarin yarjejeniya, bisa ga abin da yan-adam halin da ake ciki a kasar - jam'iyyar zuwa ga Yarjejeniyar gane damuwa da duk sa hannu.

Saboda haka, Moscow Helsinki Group zama iri, ta haifi kasa da kasa Helsinki motsi. Ta yana da ciwon girma da tasiri a kan da abun ciki na Helsinki tsari. A karo na farko a cikin tarihin na diplomasiyya, kungiyar kare hakki da wani matsayi a cikin Inter-jiha yarjejeniyar. Tarayyar Soviet da aka zarge shi da keta agaji articles a kan tushen da takardun bayar da Moscow, Ukrainian kuma Lithuanian kungiyoyin.

Gorbachev narke

A karkashin matsin lamba daga mulkin demokra kasashe, ba kawai Moscow kungiyar "Helsinki", amma kuma su duk mutane hana su 'yanci siyasa articles na Soviet Criminal Code, a shekarar 1987, suka saki. A shekarar 1990, 'yan asalin Soviet aka bai wa hakkin ya yardar kaina bar da kuma komawa zuwa kasar, don dakatar da tsananta, a daga mũminai.

The kwarewa tsiwirwirinsu a cikin shakka daga kusa hadin gwiwa da kungiyoyin jama'a, da shi da aka nuna a gaskiyar cewa OSCE shi ne na farko da kasa ƙungiya cewa hada da su a cikin aiki aiwatar kamar yadda daidai abokan. A taron a kan Human girma daga cikin wakilan kungiyoyin jama'a shiga a kan tushen da parity da hukuma wakilan da OSCE mambobin, kuma kalmar an bã su kan daidai gabãtarwar.

Back a cikin sahu

MHG, wanda a lokacin da kafa shi ne kawai m ba na gwamnati shiri a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, yanzu taka wata rawa wajen kare hakkin dan adam motsi da kuma} ungiyoyin jama'a, wadda aka kafa a cikin Rasha Federation. The main mayar da hankali na Moscow Helsinki Group ya ci gaba da saka idanu da yan-adam halin da ake ciki. Yau, duk da haka, yana da za'ayi ba kawai a kan tushen da agaji articles na Helsinki ya haɗu, amma kuma tare da goyon bayan da Rasha kundin tsarin mulki, da Turai Yarjejeniyar ga Kariya na Human Rights da abubuwan da yanci da kuma sauran kasashen duniya yarjejeniyarsu a kan kare hakkin dan adam hannu da Rasha Federation.

Lyudmila Mihaylovna Alekseeva MHG gangarawa a 1996. Shekaru uku a baya, ta koma Moscow daga zaman talala, a watan Fabrairu 1977 a Amurka. Dukan lokacin da mace ta ci gaba da aiki a cikin kungiyar kare hakki, kuma ma ya kai ga watsa shirye-shirye na rediyo "Liberty" da "Voice of America".

A shekarar 2012 zo cikin karfi da sabon dokar na Rasha Federation, aka ƙaddara cewa Moscow Helsinki Group - wani waje wakili cewa sami kudi daga kasashen waje da kuma ciwon sadarwa a kasashen waje. Don rabu da mu da stigma cewa ya tarihi an yi amfani da matsayin dangantawa ga kalmar "leken asiri", kungiyar yanke shawarar rage kanmu don taimaka Rasha jama'a.

wani kawai lada

A shekarar 2015, Lyudmila Alexeyeva for fice aiki a fagen kare hakkin dan adam ya samu lambar yabo Vatslava Gavela. Mika € 60,000 a wani bikin da aka gudanar a Palace na Turai a Strasbourg a ranar farkon da zaman na CoE majalisar dokokin, taki Shugaba Anne Brasseur ce cewa hakkin yan Adam, ya hau kan aikinsu don yin yaki domin gaskiya, ta ya yi wahayi zuwa ƙarni da dama na Rasha da kuma kasashen waje gwagwarmaya . Shekaru da dama, Alexeyeva barazana, ta rasa aikinta da aka tilasta su bar kasar don su iya ci gaba da magana game da keta hakkin dan Adam a cikin tarayyar Soviet. Ta yanzu shugaban Moscow Helsinki Group - Freethinkers ba na gwamnati shiri, wanda sau da yawa fuskantar rashin jituwa, amma har yanzu ya ci gaba da hukunta da hujjojin da na aika mugunta da kuma taimaka shafa.

kai hare-hare ci gaba da

Kwanan nan, a kan Hauwa'u na da 40th tunawa da MHG jihar TV channel "Rasha-1" gabatar "shirin gaskiya", wanda suka zargin cewa jagoran 'yan adawa Alexei Navalny samu kudade daga Birtaniya hankali, ciki har da da taimakon da Moscow Helsinki Group. Yana da aka ƙaddamar "takardu" da "daidaituwa", wai nuna masa dangantaka tare da shugaban na zuba jari asusu "hermitage Capital" William Browder. Analysis na "kayan" MI6 da kuma CIA ya bayyana cewa, sun fifita a ainihin magana da kurakurai na hali na Rasha mawallafa. Shugaban Moscow Helsinki Group ƙaryata zargin na jihar kafofin watsa labarai, yana mai cewa babu kudi daga Alekseya Navalnogo ta taba samu wani kudi da ya ba su ba. Hakkin yan Adam ce cewa Moscow Helsinki Group da kudi ba ya gudanar da kudi ma'amaloli, kamar jeri na kudi a shinge kudi, ba tsunduma.

A fili, wani ƙoƙari na tarnish Moscow Helsinki Group da kuma 'yan adawa kasa madauwaman zullumi.