Konstantin Aksakov: biography, ayyuka da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Wannan shekara kiwon shekaru 200 tun da haihuwa da fice a Rasha Falsafa, marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, mawãƙi kuma masanin ilimin harsuna. Konstantin Aksakov zauna kawai 43 shekaru.

Ya kasance mai shahararren adadi a cikin motsi na Rasha Slavophiles farko - tsakiyar XIX karni. Ya views entailing arziki na hakkokin da yankunan karkara al'umma, sun m domin ta lokaci, hadari serfdom. Daga kakansa, Janar Suvorov, Konstantin gaji hali dabiu: kishin kasa da kuma ambato.

Yara, samartaka

Rhode Aksakovs sauko daga Varangian, bauta Kiev sarakuna. Ko da a cikin pre-Petrine Rasha akwai manya, "sarki mutane." 29.03.1817 a kauyen Aksakovo, Orenburg lardin aka haife Konstantin Aksakov. Biography of yara da ake dangantawa da Estate mahaifinsa, Sergei Kalashnikov, marubuci kuma wallafe-wallafen sukar lamiri. Daga cikin alkalami na iyaye zo ban mamaki labari "gari a snuffbox", "The Scarlet Flower". Constantine ya da kane John kuma 'yar'uwar Faith, sun kasance abokai da juna.

Aksakov iyali a gida da bin tsohon Rasha hadisai. Constantine ya kawo a cikin wani ruhu na liyãfa da kuma janar rayuwa. A 1826 m Aksakovs koma Moscow.

studentship

Konstantin Aksakov samu ya sakandare ilimi a kwana gidan Pogodin. Kamar yadda wani matashi ya nuna qishi ga ilimi da kuma wallafe-wallafen da basira. Matashin mai idealist, wani mutum impractical da kuma nemerkantilnyh. Goma sha biyar sai ya shiga fi'ili sashen na Moscow University, a sashen furofesoshi Pobedonostsev, Nadezhdin.

A lokacin da ya dalibi shekaru, nan gaba marubuci da Vissarion Belinsky, Ivan Turgenev, Vasiliem Bakuninym, Vasiliem Botkinym dauki bangare a cikin da'irar Jamus falsafa na marubuci Stankevich, sa'an nan - a cikin wani jama'a Slavophiles Samarin, Khomyakov. A yanayi na wadannan tarurruka Ivan Turgenev nuna a cikin labari "Rudin". Sun mutane sickened yanayi taskar na karya-kishin kasa, sunã kallo a falsafar sauki da kuma zuciya mai gaskiya. Kansa daga kwalejin, kuma har karshe kwanaki Aksakov kira "Slavophile da wani Hegelian."

Jagora na ƙarshe Stanislavski wani nazari a kan University site a Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Idon kwamitin na dogon lokaci bai yarda da shi, tilasta dalibai yi canje-canje. Daga wani matashi da novice zargi fara da ciwon matsaloli tare da hukuma katsalandan. Tambayar hikimar tantance hankali Aksakov aka ƙwarai nuna godiya, ya miƙa wani ilimi aiki a Kiev. Duk da haka, ya bar Moscow saurayin da aka ba za to.

shayari

Aksakov Konstantin farko waqe da aka buga a "Notes da Fatherland", "nesa kusa", "Moscow Kiyayewa". Poetry Aksakova horar da akida Romantic muhimmi Goethe, shi liking Sahaban ta lightness da kuma sauti saboda bambancin daga derzhavopoklonnyh dari.

Masu karatu tunawa images of Rasha yanayi, falsafa jigogi, magana na mutum ji.

Bayan rabin karni kasida su ɗauko kuma Tyutchev ci gaba da taken naturalistic shayari, wanda aza harsashin ginin Konstantin Aksakov. Ya waqe - "Creek," "Elegy", "Duma", "hadiri", "Winter yana zuwa" - lokaci guda ɗaukakakkiya kuma sauki. A mawãƙi ne iya tunani rubuta game da ƙasar haihuwarsa, da kuma soyayya. A cikin kasidu akwai wani jin dadi da gidan kwana fara'a da Rasha yanayi. M da kuma sauki da waka "A.V.G.", "lafiya a zuciya".

Daga baya P. I. Chaykovsky rubuta cikin music ga daya daga cikin waqe canza. A sakamakon haka shi da daya daga cikin mafi mashahuri a cikin XIX karni yara songs.

litattafan Aksakov

Litattafan da gajejjeran labaru da Konstantin Aksakov rubuta a cikin ruhu na romanticism kuma tare da undeniable iyawa. Aiki a kan su, Slavophil juya a falsafa, a wakoki. Alal misali, a cikin labarin "Hyles" ya halitta zanen Lãhira iyãma a kan matacce sosai nagarin mutum ne, ba wani mashayi, amma revelers.

Ban sha'awa domin ta m ganewa labari "Cloud". A nan, za mu farko samun matsahi na saba da Narinderjot da dreamy yaron Karin Gryunenfeldom gudanar da lokaci domin kallo na halitta. Ya sa'an nan ya bayyana ga mai karatu wani saurayi, ba haka ba ne marar zunubi. Karin manta da yadda za a gani da mai kyau a cikin wasu, rashin tunani ya zai shafi hankula. Amma a lokacin da a cikin rayuwarsa ya gana da wata yarinya, fadi cikin soyayya tare da shi, duk na waje, kamar dai wanke haske Yara tunanin na hurarrun yanayin da high share sama da gizagizai.

rubuce-rubuce plays

A cikin 40s, Konstantin Aksakov ya halitta da dama ayyukan ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Ban mamaki ayyukan Stanislavski rubuta karkashin pseudonym Evripidin, ciki har da "Prince Lupovitsky", "Liberation of Moscow", "mail kocin".

A cikin wasan kwaikwayo "The Liberation of Moscow" Konstantin Sergeyevich nuna babban rawar da mutane a cikin 'yanci na babban birnin kasar daga Yaren mutanen Poland invaders. Wannan spectacle dakatar nan da nan bayan da farko a Maly Theater. Duk da haka, da mawallafin wasannin kwaikwayo, Aksakov ya mediocre, ya plays sun daban-daban tabbas, da koyarwarsu rinjãya a kan sanã'ar. sun kasance ba musamman rare tare da jama'a.

wallafe-wallafen zargi

Field na adabi zargi ya kasance mafi nasara ga Aksakov. Stanislavski rubuta cewa zuga ya Sahaban - ilimi Rasha mutane. Ya buga wani karamin littafi a kan waka ta N. V. Gogolya "Matattu Rayukan", inda ya rubuta wani almara aiki, da gaskiyar hoton a cikin gidan haya Psycho Nozdryov, Manilow, Sobakevich. Duk da haka, mafi muhimmanci a cikin waka Nikolaya Vasilevicha Aksakov yi ĩmãni "Rasha harafin", "ruhu da kuma siffar mai girma ne, mai iko sarari." Ya kuma ambaci wani ban mamaki m ikon da metaphorical image na litattafan Gogol ta har abada Rasha songs, wanda ba fasawa, ko da yaushe tashi a kan m ikon, za ka iya ji da shi a cikin wuri guda ko wasu.

Aksakov "Moskovityanin" mujallar disputiroval da Vissarion Belinsky na wannan samfurin na Nikolai. Takwaransa ji rauni aiki "litattafan Gogol ƙoƙarin gabatar da wani kasa annabi," da kuma lyricism na waka kira bai dace ba. Stanislavski wanda rare ra'ayin ko da yaushe ya kasance na farko, kuma farkon abu na iya ba shiru a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki.

Domin da shekara talatin, Konstantin Aksakov buga da dama sauran wallafe-wallafen articles a "Moscow tarin".

tarihi aikin jarida

A 1847-1852 gg. daga alkalami fita a wani nazari na haske a kan "History of Rasha" Professor S. M. Soloveva. Suna jin m hali zuwa da rabo daga cikin motherland matsayin rai memory, Manzon tsufa, malamin rayuwa. -Rubuce Aksakov haka warai sharhi "Tarihi" cewa sun yi karatu a cikin makarantun gwamnati a lokaci guda. Duk da haka, idan ta articles na mu labarin gwarzo yada Farfesa Soloviev, a poetic form, ya na da wani m jeering a shi:

Ideologist na motsi slavophiles

Moscow House Aksakov a karshen cikin 40s aka sani a matsayin mai wallafe-wallafen salon, wanda aka ziyarci by Turgenev, litattafan Gogol da Pogodin, Belinsky, Zagoskin.

A shekaru 38 na shekaru Aksakov Konstantin Sergeevich rubuta memoirs aiki "Memories na dalibai", da kuma "A ciki halin da ake ciki a Rasha." A cikin wadannan ayyuka, da sukar lamiri gabatar da ra'ayoyi na zamantakewa da siyasa tsarin da motherland. Ya yi imani da cewa primary zaman al'umma a Rasha ne baƙauye al'umma. Slavophile dandalin siyasa bisa manufar "ƙasar" da kuma "jiha" da wadda substantiated da musamman tarihi hanyar Rasha.

Aksakov ga abotar tsakanin jihar da sarauta da iko da kuma County (jama'a) farko. Konstantin Aksakov na sarki ikon ƙayyade ne kawai aiki "Ajiye rayuwar mutane" da kuma kariya. A cewar Konstantin Sergeyevich, da muhimmanci requisites na Rasha jama'a ya zama sarki dama daga cikin mutane: latsa, magana da kuma ra'ayi. Kuma suka ba za a iya žuntata ko kayyade ta jiha.

"The labarin ya tafi hanyar da ba daidai"

A da ra'ayoyi na Slavophiles a cikin tarihi na Rasha ya bayyana ta ra'ayi game da ban tausayi hutu na Sarkin sarakuna Bitrus I, artificially ɗaukaka a cikin al'umma. Shi ne a cikin wannan m ikon matsayi gunki Aksakov Konstantin gani zuwa annoba Rasha jama'a: cin hanci da rashawa, serfdom, sãɓãni kawai sabõda.

Aksakov bayyana ra'ayi a cikin wata wasika zuwa Alexander II, daga baya bayar da umarni a kan yarjejeniyoyin da serfdom, kuma da ya sanã'anta na epithet na "The Liberator."

Da zargi Yammacin dimokuradiyya

Works ta Konstantin Aksakov, musamman, da labarin "The Voice of Moscow", a 1848, ƙaryatãwa game da darajar da juyin juya halin Musulunci da kwarewa na Turai domin Rasha. Ya soki kwarewa na Yammacin mulkin demokra] iyya ga "deification na gwamnati", da ya wuce kima politicization na jama'a rayuwa. Akidar ne ban sha'awa na Rasha jama'a, bisa ga Aksakov, kwance a filin na ruhaniya da kuma addini.

Wani daga aikinsa - "A cikin Rasha view" - yana sanya rikodin mike Na don en "kasa - bil'adama." Publicist tabbatar da hakkin ya al'adu da kuma zamantakewa da mulkin Rasha mutane, wanda suna da hakkin su kwafa Yammacin dimokuradiyya. Yana ne na ƙwarai da cewa Falsafa da kuma marubuci, a yi, amfani da zanga-Russian ra'ayi. Shi ne wani mazaunin babban birnin kasar, ya yi a gemu, ado a da mayafinsa da kuma yarmulke (baƙauye hunturu hat).

A karshe shekaru ransa

Zai ze cewa rayuwa shi ne mai kyau. Authority a cikin kimiyya, 'yan siyasa da marubuta dadin Aksakov Konstantin Sergeevich. Tarihinsa ya nuna wani iri-iri kamar shiryayye mutane. House Aksakov ne har yanzu gaye Moscow wallafe-wallafen salon. Yana entree Leo Tolstoy, Taras Shevchenko, Ivan Turgenev ...

Yana halaka kome a rana daya. A 1859, mahaifinsa ya rasu a Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich. Dan hasara, hasara ne da wuya matuƙa, ana haushi a haɗe zuwa iyaye. Tare da yanayin da lafiya mai kyau, shi ne mai sauki a kan idanun zama na bakin ciki, da rauni kuma marasa lafiya da tarin fuka. Bayan shekara daya da rabi bayan mutuwar Paparoma Aksakov Konstantin Sergeevich ya mutu alhãli kuwa a kan lura a kan Rum tsibirin na Zant.

Aka binne shi a cikin hurumi Simonov sufi kusa da kabarin mahaifinsa. A XX karni Aksakovs reburied a Novodevichy hurumi.

ƙarshe

Gamsu Slavophile sanya tarihi Konstantin Aksakov. Biography (takaice dai a cikin tattaunawa, amma haka arziki a gaskiya), shi ya ƙunshi bayani game da yawa eccentricities. Ya ƙi a cikin rayuwarsa daga yamma, yayin da saka wani baƙauye dress, wanda a cikin XIX karni ne kusan daga amfani. Abokai yi masa ba'a, amma gane: for Stanislavski ta da muhimmanci sosai. Ya muhawara da kuma ra'ayoyi suka sãɓã wa jũna da zamantakewa a halin kirki. Ya bayar da shawarar a koma jama'a rai na Rasha halakar da na sarki ikon marar lalacewa kyawawan dabi'u.

A wannan yanayin, da Falsafa da kuma marubuci ya nelitsemeren, akida da kuma gaskiya. Hegelian da Slavophile Aksakov bai gane wani daga cikin fadar akida da kuma zanga-Western. Mutane, har ma da abokan adawar, ya aka mutunta, kuma a yaba. Ya ba, kamar Lvu Tolstomu, Nikolayu Gogolyu, Ivan Turgenev, da epochal ayyukan ƙwarai, duk da haka, mai aminci ne kuma abin dogara aboki to dukkan su. Konstantin Aksakov sensitively kuma warai fahimta da wallafe-wallafen tsari, shi ya kasance wani mashahuri masanin, masanin ilimin harsuna, daya daga cikin mashahuran masana a cikin filin na Rasha tarihi.