A sabis rai na House panel. Panel Khrushchev. A jerin panel gidaje

Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, da taro yi na zama gine-gine. A waɗannan shekaru da ginin ya za'ayi da sauri da kuma ran mutum, don haka aka yanke shawarar kafa prefabricated gidaje. A farko panel gidan a Moscow da aka gina a 1948, kuma tun sa'an nan, da taro yi na high-Yunƙurin gine-gine a ko'ina cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Zama gine-gine da cikakken cikin layi da manufofin da postwar lokaci. Isa cheap gidaje yi sun bayar da babban yawan jama'ar na sararin kasa. Duk da haka, wadannan gine-gine da aka gina wasu lokaci da suka wuce, da kuma aiki panel gini lokaci ba zai dore har abada, don haka da bayanai ka bukatar ka san kowane mazaunin irin gine-gine.

Mene ne Khrushchev?

Da yawa daga cikinmu sun ji cewa akwai wani irin gidan, kamar Khrushchev. Lokacin da ya zo iko Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev, soma wani ƙuduri "A kawar da barna a cikin zane da kuma yi." Wannan na nufi cewa yanzu gidaje da ya kamata a gina sosai da sauri kuma tare da kadan kudin a kudi na shiryawa da kuma rage fannin gabatarwa.

Wannan ƙuduri da aka soma a shekara ta 1956. Tun daga nan, akwai lokatan da dama daban-daban ayyukan gidajen da aka gina a ko'ina cikin tarayyar Soviet. Cikin zamanin Khrushchev gina kawai, irin Tsarin, kuma ko da bayan mutuwarsa, Khrushchev ci gaba da za a gina.

A yi da wannan gidaje a cikin babban birnin kasar tsaya kawai a shekara ta 1972. A Moscow yankin kasafin kudin gidaje gina kafin 1981, da kuma a wasu yankuna na kasar yi ci gaba har sai da marigayi 80s.

Wadannan gidaje suna da wani yawan takamaiman siffofin: wani kankanin kitchen da barandar, low ceilings - 2.5 mita (don kwatanta: a cikin Stalinist gine-gine, rufi na iya wuce da tsawo na 4 mita). A da yawa Apartments da dakuna sun m.

Don kwanan wata, mafi yawan biyar-labarin gini a Moscow da aka shirya domin rushe, amma akwai wani 9-storey gini, da hange na wanda a lokacin shi ne ba tukuna bayyana.

Jerin panel gine-gine

A m gina gidajen zama gabatarwa, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ya fara ne da zuwan su ikon Khrushchev, sabili da haka, akwai wani sunan gidaje kamar Khrushchev yau. Suna halin gwada da low quality da kananan fim. Bugu da ƙari, na farko gida na bangarori sun sosai rauni, da kuma rayuwa da panel gidan, gina a cikin 50s na karshe karni, ya sosai kananan.

Na zama gidan jerin 1-480

Houses a cikin wannan jerin ne wakilin da ya lokaci. A lokacin daga shekarar 1960 zuwa shekarar 1970. Wadannan gine-gine da aka gina a ko'ina cikin tarayyar Soviet. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan panel-bulo gidan. Saboda wannan yana da wani ƙara sabis rayuwa. Its rayuwa, fi dacewa 95 shekaru - shi ne bayar da cewa ginin zai iya aiki yadda ya kamata: dama a kan jadawalin zai iya za'ayi babban birnin kasar ayyukansu. In ba haka ba, shi ne ya yi ĩmãni da cewa gidan zai? Ãci bayan 37 - 72 years.

A aikace, da rashin alheri, da wani gagarumin ɓangare na gine-gine ba kiyaye yadda ya kamata, don haka a wannan hali ba su dõgara a kan 95 shekaru. 1-480 Series Housing - wani classic wakilin lokacinsa. Tu Apartment - a kananan isa yankin. Rufi tsawo - kawai 2,48 m, akwai kananan kitchen, kuma m dakuna.

Duk da haka, duk da dukan waɗannan shortcomings, wannan gidan da aka dauke su quite wani cin nasara model. Bisa shi ya fara zayyana da 9- da kuma 10-labarin gine-gine.

Na zama gidan jerin 1-467

Wani classic wakilin panel Khrushchev. Irin Tsarin ya bambanta cheapness. Idan baya model, a Bugu da kari ga bangarori, kuma ya nuna da yin amfani da tubalin, a cikin wannan yanayin, da tsarin da aka gaba daya gina ta amfani kankare bangarori. A cikin irin wannan gidajen ba lifts kuma ki chutes. Erection na su da za'ayi a cikin mafi birane da Tarayyar Soviet.

Da farko an zaci cewa wadannan gidaje kamata šauki tsawon shekaru 25, sa'an nan kuma sũ, sun kasance a rushe, kuma a wuri na kansu don kafa sababbi. Amma a kan lokaci, da rayuwar da panel gidaje sun karu zuwa shekaru 50. Don kwanan wata, wannan jerin ne batun da rushe gidaje a Moscow da kuma St. Petersburg, amma a mafi Rasha biranen su ne "bangarori" ne fairly na kowa, kuma ba tsaya a layin rushe a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.

The m yi na 1-467 jerin fara da 1959, da kuma dade har zuwa farkon 70-ies. Wadannan gidaje suna for 4 - 5 benaye, da tsawo daga cikin rufi ne 2.5 mita. The m ganuwar an yi sa ne hur kankare tare da wani kauri daga 40 cm Inner tubalan da kauri daga 39 cm, da kuma ciki ganuwar - .. Kuma 8 cm daga fairly bakin ciki ganuwar irin Tsarin da yawa mutane koka da wani sosai low amo rufi. A abũbuwan amfãni daga wannan gidãje, shĩ ne gaskiya cewa akwai wata babbar dama ta sake inganta yankunan.

Na zama gida jerin 1-439A, 1-439YA

Wannan jerin gine-gine nasa ne da ajin. Suka gina a cikin kusan dukkan yankuna na Rasha. Wannan hali panel gidaje a jerin da kuma karshen sassan. A cikin irin wannan constructions sun kasance 1-, 2- kuma 3-bedroom Apartments. A cikin cellars na gidaje duk utilities.

A yi na wadannan gidaje da aka kammala a shekarar 1966. Dabam, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa gidajen abinci a pre-qirqiro gidan na irin wannan ba kamar yadda ya furta a matsayin cewa na kama aukuwa. A yi gine-gine gaba ɗaya faruwa ta hanyar manyan kankare tubalan 40 cm lokacin farin ciki. All Apartments da baranda ko loggia, tare da togiya daga waɗanda located a kan benen kasa.

Ƙaddarãwar House panel ya ba gaba ɗaya nasara, duk biyu-bedroom Apartments da dumama. Saboda wannan corridor an rage, a Bugu da kari, akwai wata sosai kananan kitchen (game da 5 murabba'in mita), duk da haka, kamar yadda a duk Khrushchev.

Amma ga rai na panel gidaje, akwai juya daga quite ban sha'awa halin da ake ciki. Asalinsu kira ga shekaru 25, amma sai aka yanke shawarar cewa zane data zai tsira shekaru 50. Yanzu, duk da haka, sabis rai na irin wannan gini da aka mika ga 120 shekara, amma tare da proviso cewa gidan dole ne wuce overhaul kowane shekaru 25.

Na zama gidan jerin 1-335

Duk da haka wani misali panel Khrushchev, mafi yawan abin da aka gina ne a Birnin Leningrad, a gabashin birnin. Har ila yau wasu daga cikin wadannan gine-gine da aka gina a cikin Cherepovets, Ulyanovsk, Volgograd da birane na Belarus. A Moscow, wannan jerin "kwasfansu" An gina sosai kadan: a dama gundumomi na babban birnin na 3-5 gine-gine.

Yau a Moscow sanya rushe wannan gine-gine, an shirya cewa za su daina yi a karshen shekara ta 2017. A sabis rai na gidan ne shekaru 60 da haihuwa. A St. Petersburg, da data Tsarin ba a cikin jerin fifiko rushe. A mafi kokarin yin gyare-gyare da manyan da sosai dilapidated gine-gine rushe kamar yadda ake bukata.

Abin baƙin ciki, ginin da aka dauke su mafi m gidãje Khrushchev jerin. Duk da haka, duk da wannan m gaskiya, jerin 1-335 ne mafi arha yi a lokacin zama na gidaje masana'antu a cikin tarayyar Soviet. The kudin farashin da gine na 1 murabba'in mita na yi halin kaka ne kawai 95 rubles (farashin har 1961).

Fursunoni panel gidaje

Panel gidaje 1956 - 1969-ies da sosai mummunan suna cikin gida yawan. Babban aiki a lokacin da aka gina ingancin gidaje, da kuma gudu da kuma low cost. Duk da cewa wasu panel gidaje Khrushchev lokaci mika rãyuwar 150 shekaru, shi ne wajen da qirqire-qirqire na gida manajoji. All panel Khrushchev 50 - 60s aka halitta shekaru 25 a matsayin wucin gadi Tsarin. A Moscow, a lokacin da kusan babu irin wannan gidajen ba za a iya ce game da wasu yankuna na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet. Re-shiryawa da gabatarwa ne yiwu idan partitions cikin Apartment ba dako.

Modern prefab gidaje

Modern jerin prefabricated gidaje, wadda ake gina a yanzu lokaci, da yawa mafi inganci. Kamar haka suna da irin abũbuwan amfãni a matsayin low cost da kuma gudun erection na Tsarin. Yawanci, da yi na zamani "kwasfansu" ba ya dauki lokaci mai yawa, a kan talakawan, game da watanni 10. Har ila yau a cikin wadannan gidaje quite m ganuwar, idan aka kwatanta da na gargajiya tubali gidaje.

A kudi na gina monolithic ko tubali gidan ne da yawa m gidan na wadannan kayan ana gina a kusa da shekaru 3. Shirin na prefabricated gidaje, wadda ake gina a yanzu, ya zama mafi bayani dalla-dalla. Dakuna a cikin Apartments an rabu, da kuma kitchen sun karu da yawa a cikin size.

Haka kuma, fasahar zamani na da damar a warware matsalar ta rufi. Waje rufi da kuma kwandishan yin su aiki, a yanzu a cikin prefabricated gidajensu dumi da kuma bushe. Amma ga rufi, aka bar kome kamar yadda shi ne. Abin baƙin ciki, da makwabta sosai a fili ji dukan abin da ke faruwa a bãyan katangu: wani baby kuka, da jayayya, ko kawai m da TV ne. Amma yana da daraja a biya haraji ga zamani kayan gini. Homes da aka gina ba a baya fiye da 2015, har yanzu suna da quite mai kyau sauti rufi, kuma ko da yake shi ne mafi ƙaranci daga rufi tubali gidan, audibility zama muhimmanci ƙananan.

A Soviet panel gidaje ba su bambanta da iri-iri na waje kare. Sau da yawa shi ne kawai kankare slabs, wani lokacin za su iya gashi da fale-falen. Yanzu da panel iya zama daban-daban da launuka da siffofi, don haka zamani designers haifar sosai sabon abu da kuma kyakkyawan facades.

A abũbuwan amfãni daga prefabricated gidaje

Duk da manyan yawan minuses Khrushchev panel, za ka iya zaɓar da kuma wasu kyawawan gagarumin da. Da farko - gudun yi. A Khrushchev ta lokaci don haka mutane da yawa sun samu daga jihar su rai sarari. All godiya ga cewa gidaje gina sosai da sauri kuma ga mun gwada kudi kadan.

Amma ga farashin, a wannan yanayin da panel gidaje sun kasance kuma suna cikin shugabannin da ceton kudi domin gina. Tare da low farashin yi 'yan kasa na Tarayyar Soviet, wanda ba zai iya samun wani lebur daga jihar zai iya tara kudi domin shiga cikin m da kuma samun gidaje, da farashin abin da yake da muhimmanci kasa da tubali gine-gine.

Farashin na yi

Don wannan rana, farashin Apartments a prefabricated gidãje, shĩ ne da yawa m fiye da kasuwa. Ga misali, da talakawan farashin 1 murabba'in mita a Moscow Pre-qirqiro gidan - game da 146 dubu rubles, kuma a cikin monolithic - game da 158 dubu rubles. A wannan zamani jerin panel gidaje da wani ya karu da sabis na rayuwa. Tare da ta dace tabbatarwa, irin gine-gine iya wuce akalla 150 shekara.

ƙarshe

Panel gidan a zamanin mulkin Khrushchev - musamman tsarin, wanda ba a yi nufi ga ci gaba da aiki. Bisa ga aikin gine-ginen, da rayuwar classic Khrushchev ya game shekaru 25 da haihuwa. Sa'an nan kuma, wadannan gine-gine da aka rushe, da kuma a wurin da aka shirya yi na karin high quality-wurare.

A manyan birane kamar Moscow da kuma St. Petersburg, tsohon panel gidaje tukuna da za a rushe. Duk da haka, a wasu sassa na kasar da suka tsawanta rai da kuma ba ta ko da shirya kai saukar da wani lokaci nan da nan. Saboda haka, kafin sayen nasu hijira a cikin pre-qirqiro gidan wajibi ne a tambaye nawa shekaru wannan shiri. In ba haka ba, da mai saye su yi tsanani matsaloli tare da gidan, wanda ya yi aiki da majalisa ta zauna lokaci.