Rayuwa da kuma aiki na Lomonosova Mihaila Vasilevicha

A zamanin da XVIII karni an rinjayi classicism. Wannan kalma da aka gane da zamantakewa da al'adu ayyuka na Elite na zamanin d Roma, wanda da nascent bourgeoisie dauke cikakke kuma shi ya nemi. Shi ne sau da yawa na baya kwaikwayo na tsufa rationalism kerawa. Wannan style, tare da jama'a akida, akidar dogara ne a kan imani da yiwuwar samar da wani manufa daular mulkinsu, babu shakka, rinjayi poetic aiki na Lomonosov.

Amma masu bincike da aka ba take kawai dalilan view of gaskiya.

Features aikin MV Lomonosov

Literary kerawa University aka nufi ga ci gaban da Rasha na kasa hadisai. Ya taba saita manufa don gani da kewaye gaskiya. A cikin rubuce-rubucen busa shela daga cikin manyan gaskiyar nan gaba hangen nesa.

Ya bai gamsu da na yanzu mai ƙasa tsarin, amma a cikin ayyukan busa yin alfahari da nasara da ɗaukaka na Rasha statehood, kafa a Bitrus lokaci.

Poetic rayuwa da kuma aiki na M. V. Lomonosova

Ode zuwa gargajiya adabi ya samu fifiko ga bunkasa. Wannan salo shi ne mafi alhakin ayyuka na zamanin a cikin abin da janar manufar tashi sama sirri. Interest a wani mawãƙi bayyana a lokacin da ya ji daidai da abubuwan da suka faru na matakin jiha da kasa.

Ode

University Creativity ne wani daidaituwa bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubuce odes. Wannan salo shi ne mafi m tare da bayani na gaggawa matsaloli, kamar yadda a cikin wadannan ayyuka, marubucin iya magana a poetic nau'i a kan mafi muhimmanci al'amurran da suka shafi.
Bugu da kari, da Ode a lokacin da wani muhimmanci na musamman, da kuma aka umurce su da su da gwamnatin bikin. Duqufad da sarauta personages, Lomonosov tafi a hayin m kotu-ikon yinsa, magance masa roko ga al'amurran da suka shafi kasa da muhimmanci. A wani Ode ga Empress Elizabeth, Lomonosov waka da shi a matsayin mai kula da zaman lafiya a jihar. Tun da farkon ta sarautar ƙare da yaki da Sweden.

Kauri Ode mawãƙi bambanta expressiveness da kwanyarsa. Musamman muhimmanci ya haɗe da daidaito na lokacin da kuma abubuwan tarihin. Lyric mãkirci Ode game da shan Khotina Almara ya hada da wani jam'i na abubuwa. Babban ɓangare na aikin daukan yaƙi da hade tunani na mawãƙi ne. Musamman alama da key lokacin da yaƙi inda ta lashe "Rasha gaggafa." A sha'awa ga nasarar da marubucin ya sami dama kalmomi zuwa aiki a kan m ji daga cikin masu karatu.

Poetry Lomonosov, a takaice, ya ba musamman m da fice. Amma da ya halitta na da wani sabon tsarin na versification ba za a iya overestimated.

Da bukatar sake fasalin na Rasha versification

A Rasha, shi ya dade da matsala na versification. Tun bayan XVI karni da aka yi amfani da ko'ina syllabic manufa wadda ba la'akari da peculiarities na Rasha harshe. Lyrics kira ayoyi wakiltar wani couplet bonded rhyme. Virsheviki rubuta a cikin harshen Slavonic, wanda Ya halitta hutu tare da jama'a shayari.

Wani manufa - tonic, fi dacewa da Latin kuma Helenanci harshe, inda babu category na ikon danniya. Ta da asali ne sãɓawar tsawo da kuma gajeren sautuna.

Ka'idojin versification Trediakovsky

Maida Rasha ayar fara Trediakovskii. Ya gano cewa a nan shi ne mafi kyau tonic manufa, dangane da sãɓãwar jaddada syllables da unstressed. Ya zo kusa ƙwarai da manufar wani sabon rhythmic naúrar - kafa, wanda ya kunshi mai hade da wani jaddada syllable unstressed. Hada suya tonic da syllabic versification ka'idoji, Trediakovskii iya ba gaba daya motsa daga hadisai na Rasha syllabic. Ya iyakance masa sababbin abubuwa dogon ayar da aka zaba ne kawai da kari chorea a gare shi. Saboda haka, kamar yadda wani majagaba na syllabic-tonic aya, Trediakovskii sanya daya kawai na irin.

Samar da poetic Lomonosov tsarin

University Creativity karshe a yarda a ci gaba da gaba dole mataki na Rasha shayari garambawul, la'akari Accentology akai wakoki, inda akwai wani misalin tsakanin buga-buga-free kuma longitude-brevity. A kamance da ka'idar Trediakovsky karshen, da kuma gabatar da manufar biyu-syllable da uku-tasha, da kuma akwai bukatar for daban-daban iri rhyme. Lomonosov zo da ra'ayin rage girman da ayar. Idan aka kwatanta da guda irin ayar, shi halitta dukan tsarin.

Lomonosov shayari bayyana kanta a cikin bege ga iambic, wanda shi ne mafi m tare da high Genre na Ode. Ya yi imani da cewa iambic rubanya girma da kuma nobility na aiki.

Tallafi na wani sabon manufa na versification

A sakamakon da aka hankali aiwatar versification garambawul cewa kafa syllabic-tonic m in Russian shayari, wanda har yanzu shi ne ta da asali. Majagaba nan aka dauke Trediakovskii wanda bã da msar tambayar-akai da kuma na farko da kwarewa da sabon manufa.

Creativity M. V. Lomonosova a cikin wannan shugabanci da aka yi niyya ta ci gaba, management da kuma watsa daga dukan poetic yi. A mawãƙi fi son da iambic tetrameter kuma tasowa da shi a cikin odes. A cewar Mikhail Vasilyevich, shi ne mafi dacewa da tsada da kuma babban matakin da poetic salo. Clematis sequentially da'awar da kara syllabo- tonic prosody, kamar yadda mafi dace Rasha harshe. Its tushe da aka nuna a cikin shayari na Pushkin.

University wallafe-wallafen kerawa

A farkon karni na XVIII a Rasha da halin wani na da hanyar rayuwa, yayin da a Turai akwai neman sauyi fasaha da kimiyya rikirkida, kazalika da ci gaba da ilimi da al'adu.

Creativity University a cikin adabi fili bayyana a cikin halittar wani sabon poetic style. Ya kuma nasa ne da ka'idar harshe da adabi, saita kawo a cikin ta farko Rasha nahawu da rhetoric. Sa'an nan kuma ya mamaye wani karni da kuma aka ci gaba a cikin ayyukan A. S. Pushkina.

Creative aiki University aka yi niyya ga halittar Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Books aka buga a cikin babban coci, kuma suka yi yawa kalmomi na Greek da sauran harsuna, mafi yawan abin da ba bayyana wa mai karatu. Ka'idar Rasha kalmomi zuwa yi a rukunan dangane Church Slavonic da vernacular harshe, wanda yana nufin Moscow magana. Kalmomi rabu da 3 a kwantar da hankula:

• amfani.
• littafin, fãce nadiri.
• folksy.

A farko na calms (high) da aka tsara don rubuta odes da waqe. Intermediate bauta ga litattafan, elegies, satires, saba haruffa a cikin aya; low - ga tari na songs, epigrams, kuma comedies na rubutu kasuwanci kamar yadda ya saba. A wannan ka'idar styles a nan gaba da aka gudanar a wallafe-wallafen harshen XVIII karni.

Kamar yadda wani Bakan'ane, da jama'a adadi, Lomonosov karfi da gudummawar da ci gaban da Rasha haskakarka. An muhimmanci nasara a cikin wannan shugabanci ne halittar farko Rasha jami'a.

Lomonosov kerawa a adabi ne a hankali alaka kimiyya aiki. Verse da kuma Rasha harshen mawãƙi ƙware mafi alhẽri daga wani daga cikin Sahaban. Fassarawa kimiyya ayyukan daga sauran harsuna, shi nan da nan halitta sabon terminology.

Game da rayuwa da kuma aiki na Lomonosov takaice dai kuma m S. I. Vavilov ce cewa mutum daya garwaya kimiyya, m da kuma tarihi bukatun da son zũciyõyinsu. Duk da haka, ba su bayyana a ƙarƙashin rinjayar matsa lamba daga waje ba, amma daga m bukatun. Mikhail kansa ya bukaci mutane ba su sha'awan ta muhimmanci, kuma ta yi amfani da zukatansu.

A bukatar haifar da sabon cibiyoyin for Russia

Manyan cibiyoyin ilmi farko na XVIII karni Rasha za a iya kidaya a kan yatsunsu. Ilimi bai isa ba mutane zuwa ga mafi girman da'irori, da kuma ƙananan aji mutane kawai zai iya koyon karatu da rubuta. Lomonosov ta yanayin ne na musamman, da kuma kawai wani m hade da yanayi, da basira da kuma juriyarsu sun yarda ka kai tsayi a kimiyya.

Data kasance makarantu ba zai iya biyan bukatun sararin daular. Akwai wani gaggawa bukatar a gida masana da kuma na gargajiya na Jami'ar Jihar ga nobility da commoners aka bukata.

Halittar Moscow University

Rayuwa da Works of Lomonosov aka farko mayar da hankali a kan ci gaban kimiyya da ilimi a mahaifarsa. A 1753 ya ci gaba da zane da kuma tsarin da farko na kasa jami'a a Moscow, kuma bayan shekaru 2 na bude shi tare da Gentleman na ɗakin kwananka na Empress Elizabeth I. I. Shuvalovym. Yana da aka Rasha ta farko mafi girma ilimi ma'aikata a cikin abin da zai iya yi kowane iya matasa, ko da kuwa aji. Duk da cewa a St. Petersburg ya Academy of Sciences, malaman jami'o'i kasashen waje kiyaye can ta matsayi na musamman da kuma aka ba a yarda ya ci gaba m iyawa.

Mikhail ba sanar a Jami'ar Moscow, domin duka rai da kuma aiki na University ya faru a St. Petersburg.

Amma ya karfi da ya taimaka wajen samar da Rasha kimiyya cikin sharuddan hannu na gida da kwararru. Bayan 'yan shekaru, a duk ikon tunani laccoci sun Rasha farfesa.

Musamman bambanta kansu a horar da dalibai samu wani Jaruman Nasara. University raya, warware matsalolin kimiyya da ilimi. Ya zama daya daga cikin cibiyoyin duniya da al'adunsu.

ƙarshe

Rayuwa da Aikin University taƙaice bayyana wuya. Its aiki aka bayyana a dukkan fannonin kimiyya da al'adu na XVIII karni. Ya ko da yaushe ya lokaci, ta gabatar da wani sabon, m kuma m. A versatility da zai amfane shi da kuma ayyukan da m idan aka kwatanta kawai tare da Leonardo Vinci.

Creativity Mikhail Lomonosov da m aiki na kimiyyar da aka muhimmanci ga ci gaban da Rasha da kuma ta janye daga tsakiyar zamanai. Ya samu da ake bukata bunkasar kimiyya da ba da ilimi, wanda tsaya daga baya ya zama ba zai yiwu ba saboda da hannu na mutane da dukkan azuzuwan.

A kan muhimmancin da taimako ga samuwar ya Fatherland sa kan daidai da mafi fice Figures na kasar a cikin tarihin na ta ci gaba.