A tsarin da vertebra. Features na tsarin da vertebrae na mahaifa, thoracic da lumbar kashin baya

An sani cewa mutum kashin baya aka yi sama da talatin da huɗu vertebrae, biyar daga wanda ya kasance a cikin lumbar yankin, bakwai - ga mahaifa, da goma sha biyu - to nono, biyar - ga sacrum da coccyx sassan. Canje-canje faruwa ga Duniya ta sauyin yanayi (musamman, ta Warming a nan gaba), zai iya taimaka don tabbatar da cewa mutum jiki da kuma shugaban zai zama mafi elongated kashin baya - tare da thicker Fused da lumbar sacrum. Amma wannan misali ne hakikar da na sabon karni.

Yau da kashin baya mutum ne barga tare da axis "cabling" tsarin, wanda za a iya daukarsa a mast na wani jirgin goyon a kan tasa "Rhea" a matakin kafada abin ɗamararsa. A tsarin da hankula vertebra ne dan kadan daban-daban a cikin daban-daban a cikin wannan tsarin, kashin baya, amma akwai muhimmanci na kowa siffofin.

Mai vertebrae da "jiki" da kuma "kafafunsa"

A musamman, da most size yana da wani da ake kira vertebral jiki da ciwon cylindrical siffar.

A surface ta raya gefe na jikin mutum, yana da wani hadadden tsarin. biyu articular matakai ne kiyaye mikawa daga baya na baka, da kuma rarraba shi kashi biyu. A gaban kowane articular tsari yana da "kafafunsa", da kuma raya - biyu faranti, wanda ya yi daidai da spinous tsari. A wannan yanayin, da dukan da vertebra ma mika su kẽta matakai a matakin da articular tafiyar matakai. A nan ne tsarin da vertebrae a cikin jikin mutum, wanda ke taimakawa da mafi kyau duka abin da aka makala ga tsoka nama.

kafa na vertebrae da kuma damar don samar da rikicewar kuma tsauri

A tsaye gyara na vertebra ne daga ilimin Halittar Jiki balance, wanda ya nuna gaban uku "ginshiƙai" a cikin kashi tsarin. A farko daga cikin wadannan siffofin ne da alaƙa vertebral jikinsu da kansu (da intervertebral fayafai), na biyu da na uku ne na baya da kuma wakiltar articular matakai, interconnecting ta hanyar artroidalnyh gidajen abinci. A tsarin da vertebra irin wannan cewa su hade ya sa ya yiwu a yi wasa a tsaye rawa a manyan "iyakacin duniya" da kuma tsauri rawa - a raya kungiyar, wanda ya bada damar da za su tanƙwara kashin baya shafi da kuma motsa a general. The m kashi a wannan tsarin kunshi da intervertebral Disc, da takware tsakanin vertebrae, gidajen abinci (interapofizarnyh), interspinous jijiya da kuma rawaya (a cikin aikin SHmorlja). Interapofizarnye gidajen abinci taka rawa pivot maki cewa ba ka damar rage girman matsawa a haɗe zuwa vertebral shafi.

Ta yaya vertebra a sashe daban-daban

Idan muka yi nazarin tsarin da vertebra a matakin na jiki, shi za a iya lura da cewa jiki harsashi kunshi manya da ƙananan faranti, wadda ne dan kadan thinner a cibiyar, kamar yadda kunshe a cikin wannan site cartilaginous faranti. A periphery na vertebral jiki yawanci yana da mafi kauri, tun a nan kafa epiphyseal farantin ga mutum na 14-15 shekara, bayan da shigar da vertebral jiki. Idan wannan tsari zai lalace, shi yana iya zama Scheuermann ta cutar.

A tsarin da mutum vertebra, wanda aka wakilta wani photo sama, a lokacin da kyan gani a tsaye giciye sashe na gaba ya nuna cewa wannan kashi na da cortical thickening na saman da kasa. A cikin cibiyar akwai spongy kashi trabeculae na jiki, zubar tsaye a layi tare da gatura a haɗe zuwa kashin baya sojojin horizontally (connect gefe saman) da kuma yada. A gicciye sassan a kusurwoyi mabambanta nuna cewa a cikin vertebral jiki ne fibred fiber fastening na biyu kafafu don matakin da m articular aiwatar da spinous tsari, kazalika daga kasa surface, ta hanyar da pedicles na biyu matakai, da ƙananan spinous da articular tafiyar matakai.

Vertebra fadi ne kawai a lokacin da wata babbar kaya

Irin wannan tsarin damar don zaɓar vertebral sashi na matsakaicin kuma m jure waje lodi. Alal misali, karfi amfani axially zuwa 6 quintals sa matsawa karaya sandan siffar, kamar yadda a wani vertebra yana da wani triangular yankin tare da kadan juriya. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar da sojojin na 8 quintals (800 kg) na wani vertebra fadi, kamar yadda mai mulkin, gaba daya, har yanzu ɓangare na kashin baya zama mobile, wadda take kaiwa zuwa lalata da laka.

Rayuwa Kwayoyin a cikin kashi nama

A sunadarai tsarin mutum vertebra da karin abubuwa dangane da wani sa na ma'adinai da kuma Organic abubuwa, abin da na farko tun yana matashi, shi ne game da biyu sau fi na biyu.

Ma'adinai aka gyara na kusan duk ƙasusuwansu ake wakilta yafi hydroxyapatite kuma Organic - a farko irin collagen. Duk da cewa da ƙasusuwan mutane ze zama "m", a cikin wanda da yawa daga cikin matakai abin da ke faruwa a salon salula matakin. Alal misali, Kwayoyin daga adventsialnyh samu a nan osteoblasts wanda haduwa extracellular abu sa'an nan wucewa cikin osteocytes - Kwayoyin cewa goyi bayan metabolism (kai na alli a cikin kashi da fita), dattako da kwayoyin da kuma ma'adinai abun da ke ciki na kashi. Har ila yau, a cikin kashi "live" osteoclasts, wanda taimaka wa jefa cikin ciyar da kashi.

Coccyx "motsi" mafi sau da yawa a cikin mata

Tsarin mutum vertebra yanayi nufi haka cewa "tare da kalla kashe kudi da kayan mallaka ƙarfi, haske, yayin da rage tasirin tunkaro da jolts" (Lesgaft Peter Franzevich). Tun da kaya a kan sassa daban daban na kashin baya ne jinsin, raba abubuwa na kwarangwal tsarin ne daban-daban daga juna. Alal misali, a cikin coccyx yana daga uku zuwa biyar rudimentary vertebrae, na abin da kawai na farko saman yana da wasu matakai ne na classic vertebra - kadan jiki da kuma coccygeal hump a kan raya surface (a garesu). A wannan sashen lura da wannan alama a matsayin "coccygeal Kakakin" - ya rage daga cikin manya articular matakai da alaka da sacral jijiyoyin ƙahoni. Abin lura shi ne cewa coccyx a maza sau da yawa har yanzu a haɗe zuwa sacrum, yayin da ya ji suna da hannu, za a iya jingina da baya a Generic tsari.

Sacral foramen yana da mutum girma dabam

A sacral kashin baya abubuwa ma fixedly alaka. Akwai hudu ko biyar vertebrae Fused cikin wani monolithic kashi ne triangular a siffar da ta koli da nuna zuwa ƙasa. Sacrum - ne kafuwar duk mirgina stock na kashin baya, kuma yana da kananan mawadãta daga motsi - har zuwa 5 mm a farkon shekaru na mutum. Ya na da biyu m articular tsari, wanda ake mayar da dan kadan zuwa gefe. Sacrum concave gaban, raya da kuma sanye take da sacral articular kunya, inda sacral canal akwai wani rami, girman waxanda suke da matukar daban-daban a cikin mutane daban-daban.

A tsarin da lumbar vertebra ne daban-daban daga wasu irin abubuwa massiveness "jiki". Daga farko zuwa na hudu da rabi a cikin lumbar vertebrae karuwa a size, da kuma na biyar, da karshen daukan bangare a cikin samuwar wani ƙarin hadin gwiwa haɗawa tare da babba sacrum sashen. Biyar, da ƙananan vertebrae a baya, yana da wani classic cylindrical da sandan-dimbin yawa jiki. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin lumbar articular matakai na vertebrae a saman concave, kuma ta zuwa ƙasa, kuma zuwa ga tsakiyar.

A thoracic vertebrae ne ramuka

Mene ne ban sha'awa da wannan kwarangwal kashi kamar yadda thoracic vertebra? A tsarin nan shi ne irin wannan siffa - gaban a cikin "jiki" daga cikin rami, kuma poluyamok domin kayyade da karankarman ƙirji. Bugu da kari, da vertebrae a cikin thoracic rabo ne ya fi girma fiye da na mahaifa, lumbar da kasa da tsawo "jikinsu" ƙaruwa hankali daga na farko zuwa na goma sha biyu vertebra.

Shi ne kuma ya cancanci a duba cewa articular matakai suna located frontally, da kuma mai gangara matakai directed posteriorly da laterally. A sananne alama ce ta wannan katin kwarangwal ne cewa spinous tafiyar matakai an karkata saukar da superposed a kan juna kamar yadda a cikin tayal. Kowane thoracic vertebra, tsarin da aka nuna a cikin adadi, tare da vertebrae na sauran sassan da hannu a cikin irin wannan ayyuka: goyon baya ga halittar jiki, cushioning, kariya. Yana taimaka wa aiwatar da mota ayyuka, daukan bangare a cikin rayuwa da kuma jini-forming tafiyar matakai.

Daga cikin mahaifa vertebrae da axis da Atlas

A tsarin da mahaifa vertebrae a cikin wasu sassa na kashin baya ne don haka daban-daban daga cikin tsarin da wadannan abubuwa, da cewa biyu daga cikinsu ne ko da mutum sunayen. Farko - wannan shi ne Atlanta, mai kararrawa wanda aka haɗe da mutum ragargaje. Ba shi da wani "jiki", maimakon wanda akwai biyu gefen "nauyi" da alaka gaba da raya baka da irin wannan tubercles. Kaikaice taro a Atlanta bayar da manya da ƙananan articular saman da a kan raya surface na baka ne a gaban don a haɗa da fovea da na biyu vertebra - axis. Sha'awa, tsakanin wata farko vertebra da zagayayyen kwanya ne mãsu fakowa intervertebral faifai yawanci daukawa cushioning aiki.

Axis a cikin tsarin yana da wani "hakori" ya shiga cikin rami a Atlanta, kazalika da ƙananan articular aiwatar da spinous aiwatar (sabanin Atlanta). A tsarin da mahaifa vertebrae daga uku zuwa shida ne classic da wata, tsattsarkar "barci" tubercle a kan gangara matakai a cikin shida vertebra. By wannan tubercle ne sau da yawa guga man kan carotid jijiya, a lokacin da ka bukatar ka dakatar da zub da jini. The bakwai mahaifa vertebra kashi a cikin wani dogon (nerazdvoenny) tsari (spinous), don haka shi ne ake kira protruding vertebra, kamar yadda ma'aikatan jinya shiryar da kanta lokacin da kirgawa vertebrae a lokacin jarrabawa na haƙuri. Features na tsarin da mahaifa vertebrae ne irin wannan cewa wadannan abubuwa suna da ramuka a cikin gangara matakai, kafa fitar kasusuwan jikinsu canal ta hanyar abin da kwakwalwa don hawa manyan jini da cewa samar da abubuwan gina jiki ga mafi muhimmanci zuciya da sauransu a cikin jikin mutum.