Abin da kayyade siffar da Kwayoyin? cell siffar

Yau za mu tattauna da tambaya: "Abin da kayyade cell siffar?". Don fara, mun lura cewa jikin mu yana hada gaba ɗaya na mutum Kwayoyin. Kuma duk da mu ciki da waje gabobin - ne constructor, da bangaren sassa na wanda - kananan cell, za mu iya ganin kawai karkashin wani hange.

Abin da kayyade siffar da Kwayoyin? Ga za ka iya zaɓar lamba dalilai, wanda za mu jera kadan daga baya. Da farko dole mu samun matsahi na saba da tsarin (tsarin) na cell. Yana da muhimmanci a san cewa duk da su za a iya raba kungiyoyin:

• kayan lambu.
• dabbobi.
• kwayoyin cuta Kwayoyin.

Za mu bincika kowane irin dabam.

cell

Dukan abubuwa masu rai a kusa da mu aka hada da Kwayoyin, wanda suke a rami kewaye da wani membrane. Wannan m sarari take cike da ruwa, kuma da mayar da hankali bayani, dangane - ruwa.

Saboda haka za mu iya ce: The cell - ainihin naúrar, ba za su iya kawai samar da ƙarin, amma zama da kansa. Bã su da wani yawan fasali kamar:

• metabolism.
• kasancewar da kansa;
• kai-haifuwa.
• ci gaba.

Yana da muhimmanci a san cewa ba za su iya samun daban-daban siffofi da kuma masu girma dabam. Abin da kayyade siffar da Kwayoyin, za mu bincika bayan idon sani da tsarin. Cell, kamar dukan abubuwa masu rai a wannan duniya tamu ta faro ne, ba za mu yi magana game da aiwatar da juyowa, da kuma yana da wani zamani look at sakamakon.

tsarin

Duk da cewa tantanin halitta siffar, size da kuma manufa za a iya bambance bambancen, sunã da wani wajen irin wannan tsarin. Gane kowa tsarin raka'a:

• da jikin tantanin.
• cytoplasm.
• core.

Wannan shi ne, akwai uku tsarin raka'a, wanda za a iya samu a mafi yawan lokuta. Duk da haka, akwai ban. Dauki tsokoki, ta Kwayoyin an hada da membrane, cytoplasm, kuma mahara tsakiya. Yanzu za mu dubi wani misali, a lokacin da ya lura a cikin wannan cell mahara tsakiya, amma akwai cikakken rashin su. An misali na biyu embodiment iya zama erythrocyte. A karshen ba kamar yadda mutane da yawa fasali da kuma damar, don haka shi ne, ba zai yiwu ga kai-sabunta da kuma haihuwa (saboda babu wani tsakiya an kiyaye).

Yana da muhimmanci a san da abin da ke cikin protoplasm. Wannan kowa na da tsakiya da kuma cytoplasm. Yanzu za mu bincika a ta aice abin da ayyuka suna yi da kowanne bangaren na cell. A membrane hidima da farko shãmaki aiki rarrabe protoplasm na shigar azzakari cikin farji maras so abubuwa.

A cytoplasm kama jelly da kuma kunshi uku aka gyara:

• hyaloplasm.
• wasu gabbansa.
• inclusions.

Yana cytoplasm ne alhakin m cell matakai: metabolism, makamashi da kuma bayanai musayar.

Daga cikin dukan kwaya ayyuka ne wadannan: tsari na metabolism, RNA kira, ajiya da kuma watsa kayyade bayani.

siffar

Abin da kayyade siffar da Kwayoyin? Su nufi - shi ne na farko, kuma farkon. A wannan sashe, za mu haskaka da yiwu zabin. Amma kafin cewa yana da muhimmanci a lura da girmansu ba, wanda su ma sosai daban-daban. Alal misali, wasu kwayoyin cuta da girman game da 0.2 microns. Idan wani ya sani da 1 micron karkacewa daya dubbai 1 mm. Irin wannan cell ba za a iya gani da ido tsirara, amma akwai ma fi girma misalai (kaza da kwai, quail, jimina da sauransu). A gaskiya - shi ne guda cell, kuma ta girma isa 18 santimita a tsawon.

Mu rarrabe wasu siffofin:

• ball.
• polyhedron.
• star.
• Silinda da sauransu.

Za ka ga, akwai da dama siffofi da kuma masu girma dabam na Kwayoyin. A mafi sauki wani nau'i na lymphocyte - ball, a polyhedron protrude hepatocytes (hanta Kwayoyin), star - osteoblast (kashi nama) da sauransu.

shuka Kwayoyin

Form shuka Kwayoyin ne kullum guda, amma dabbobi ne batun sauya. Shuka da m harsashi da cewa ba da damar su canza.

Girma yawanci Range tsakanin 10 da 100 microns (da girma mafi girma shuka Kwayoyin). Amma akwai wani ya fi girma Kwayoyin, su ana amfani da hannun jari da na gina jiki da kuma ruwa. Wadannan su ne dankalin turawa, tubers ko fleshy 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. Mun iya ganin da ido tsirara Kwayoyin lemun tsami angaren litattafan almara, kankana ko orange, kamar yadda su size - 'yan millimeters. Wasu zaruruwa (flax, nettle) isa wani tsawon har zuwa 80 millimeters.

dabba Kwayoyin

Yanzu mu yi la'akari a taƙaice da siffofi da kuma masu girma dabam na dabba Kwayoyin. Yana da muhimmanci a san ma cewa suna da wani dan kadan daban-daban tsarin fiye da kayan lambu. Kwatanta hotuna a baya, kuma wannan sashe. A mafi yawan lokuta, dabba Kwayoyin suna da kananan (game da 50 microns). Saboda haka, suna da za a yi karatu a karkashin wani hange. Siffofi da kuma masu girma dabam ne sosai daban-daban. Ga misali:

• tsoka cell - elongated siffar.
• jini cell - m siffar.
• Fata Kwayoyin - lebur ko kofin-dimbin yawa form.

kwayan Kwayoyin

Mun riga rufe siffofin dabbobi da shuka Kwayoyin, amma look na kwayan Kwayoyin? All kwayoyin za a iya raba kungiyoyin (form):

• mai siffar zobe.
• sandarka.
• crimped.

Za ka iya ganin wasu misalai a cikin hoton gabatar a sashe. Kwayoyin cutar suna sosai a cikin kananan size, wadannan Kwayoyin za a iya gani a karkashin babban magnification hange.