Abin da Polymerization a cikin kwayoyin sunadarai

Polymerization - wani tsari na samun daga daya irin fara monomers manyan kwayoyin. A sakamakon polymer ne mai macromolecule cewa kunshi wani isasshen yawan maimaita raka'a.

The main iri Polymerization

Da yake amsa tambayoyi game da abin da wani Polymerization sunadarai, mun lura cewa wannan dauki faruwa a gaban mai kara kuzari (aiwatar totur).

Homopolymer - high kwayoyin fili, wanda aka samu a cikin jam'iyya na m farawa monomers.

Heteropolymer - da dauki samfurin da hulda da daban-daban farawa kayan.

A tsarin da polymer

Ganin cewa Polymerization - shi ne wani hadadden tsarin sunadarai, kwayoyin nauyi na polymer samar iya samun daban-daban kudi. A high-kwayoyin mahadi ne "karshen kungiyoyin" ne daban-daban daga maimaita raka'a. Irin wadannan kungiyoyi dauke a cikin polymer tsarin a cikin wani karamin adadin, don haka ba su yi la'akari da yanayin da bincike na sinadaran da jiki Properties na da sakamakon polymeric abu.

cationic Polymerization

Mene ne wani cationic Polymerization irin? Wannan tsari faruwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da wani Lewis acid (cakuda aluminum chloride, boron fluoride, acid) da wani inji wanda ke kama da aiwatar da electrophilic Baya ga biyu (biyu) shaidu.

A mataki na farko, da proton Bugu da kari ga alkenes, game da shi, kafa carbocation.

Bugu da ari, saboda lantarki sadarwa, ya zo a cikin lamba wani sunadarin na wani alkene, a sakamakon wani carbocation aka kafa da ciwon ƙara sarkar.

Maimaitawa na aiwatar auku, game da shi, kafa carbocation ciwon high kwayoyin nauyi.

A high yiwuwa na gazawar da wani cationic cibiyar, wanda za a iya jawo da wani rabuwa daga proton na kwayoyin.

misalai

Bari mu bincika tambaya na abin da wani Polymerization sunadarai. Misalai na wannan tsari da aka bã dangane da isobutylene Polymerization. A tsari fitowa via wani cationic inji, tun da electron-bayarwa gabatar da alkyl kungiyar.

Formation polyisobutylene sarkar ya auku, saboda haka da cewa shi ne kafa a karshen matsakaicin barga carbocation. A sakamakon haka, akwai wani ma'ana a annexation "shugaban da wutsiya".

A gudanar da sinadaran hulda, kusan ba tare da kasancewar ruwa, akwai samuwar wani polymer da ciwon dogon sarkar.

Mene ne Polymerization na wakilin aji na unsaturated hydrocarbons? Idan zaba mai kara kuzari , mayar da hankali sulfuric acid, aka lura bayan samuwar Polymerization cakuda biyu dimers. Bayan an juna ta biyu kwayoyin na isobutylene, an bude kewaye faruwa. A wannan tsaka-tsaki hadaddun (carbo) ba up ta proton ruwa kafin ta shiga hulda da wani sunadarin na wani unsaturated alkene.

A anionic Polymerization

Mene ne anionic Polymerization na wani nau'in? Wannan inji shafi wani alkene Polymerization a daya ƙarshen mahara bond. Polymerization ne zai yiwu a harin da wani alkene kwayoyin wasu nucleophilic reagents.

Alal misali, amide-anion reacts tare da akrilonitratom biyu bond, sakamakon carbanion kafa a wadda korau cajin da aka sarrafa tsakanin cyanide da carbon zarra. Idan hadaddun ne barga an samu, an lura da wadannan Accession alkene kwayoyin.

Breakage yiwu a girma sarkar dauki manyan zuwa da kawar da karshen kan korau lura da carbon sarkar.

Free m Polymerization

Tsari ga ethylene Polymerization zai iya faru a gaban peroxides (a karin matsin lamba da kuma high zafin jiki). Sarkar ƙarshe inganta recombination ko disproportionation radicals.

A hydrocarbon sarkar na polyethylene ne ethylene da dama tsarin raka'a. Yana da wannan tsarin characterizes m kaddarorin da high kwayoyin nauyi mahadi taimaka wajen m aikace-aikace a cikin yi a masana'antu sikelin marufi fim. Bugu da ƙari kuma, polyethylene ake bukata don ƙirƙirar abubuwa da gyare-gyaren, da kuma zaben 'yan wasa.

A cikin hali na free m nau'in a cikin Polymerization girma karshen unbalanced alkene shi za a gabatar a cikin wani nau'i na barga m, da kuma tsari ne da aka wakilta type "shugaban da wutsiya".

A isobutylene da propylene Polymerization ba free m inji. Duk da polymers samar a cikin sinadaran masana'antu, ana amfani da daban-daban rassan aikin injiniya, kantin magani da kuma magani. Mafi na kowa polymers shirya daga ethylene jerin unsaturated hydrocarbons ne polyethylene kanta, kazalika da ta homologue - propylene.